Emergence and development of H7N9 influenza viruses in China
•H7N9 virus was generated through sequential reassortments in ducks and chickens.•This virus originated from eastern China and has spread to over 20 provinces.•Regionally distinct lineages have been established with different genotypes.•Viruses present at live poultry markets fueled the recurrence o...
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| Published in | Current opinion in virology Vol. 16; pp. 106 - 113 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.02.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1879-6257 1879-6265 1879-6265 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.020 |
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| Abstract | •H7N9 virus was generated through sequential reassortments in ducks and chickens.•This virus originated from eastern China and has spread to over 20 provinces.•Regionally distinct lineages have been established with different genotypes.•Viruses present at live poultry markets fueled the recurrence of human infections.•Chickens served as the source of human infections in each outbreak wave.
The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry. |
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| AbstractList | The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry.The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry. The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry. •H7N9 virus was generated through sequential reassortments in ducks and chickens.•This virus originated from eastern China and has spread to over 20 provinces.•Regionally distinct lineages have been established with different genotypes.•Viruses present at live poultry markets fueled the recurrence of human infections.•Chickens served as the source of human infections in each outbreak wave. The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in China. Influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the H9N2 viruses enzootic in chickens. A large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for these events to occur, while acquiring internal genes from enzootic H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens promoted the spread of these viruses. Human infections effectively act as sentinels, reflecting the intensity of the activity of these viruses in poultry. |
| Author | Smith, David Keith Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Guan, Yi Zhu, Huachen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Huachen surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Huachen email: zhuhch@hku.hk organization: Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Tommy Tsan-Yuk surname: Lam fullname: Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk organization: Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 3 givenname: David Keith surname: Smith fullname: Smith, David Keith organization: Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yi surname: Guan fullname: Guan, Yi organization: Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China |
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| Snippet | •H7N9 virus was generated through sequential reassortments in ducks and chickens.•This virus originated from eastern China and has spread to over 20... The occurrence of human infections with avian H7N9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Chickens China - epidemiology Communicable Diseases, Emerging Ducks Evolution, Molecular Genotype Humans Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype - isolation & purification Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - transmission Influenza in Birds - virology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - transmission Influenza, Human - virology Phylogeny Reassortant Viruses Risk Factors |
| Title | Emergence and development of H7N9 influenza viruses in China |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.020 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922715 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1779021587 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1790959341 |
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