Investigating Volcanic Plumes from Mt. Etna Eruptions of December 2015 by Means of AVHRR and SEVIRI Data
In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor as...
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| Published in | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 19; no. 5; p. 1174 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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MDPI
07.03.2019
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1424-8220 1424-8220 |
| DOI | 10.3390/s19051174 |
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| Abstract | In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor ash emissions occurred from summit craters. In this study, we present results achieved by monitoring Mt. Etna plumes by means of RSTASH (Robust Satellite Techniques-Ash) algorithm, running operationally at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Results showed that RSTASH detected an ash plume dispersing from Mt. Etna towards Ionian Sea starting from 3 December at 08:40 UTC, whereas it did not identify ash pixels on satellite data of same day at 04:20 UTC and 04:40 UTC (acquired soon after the end of first paroxysm from VOR), due to a mixed cloud containing SO2 and ice. During 8–10 December, the continuity of RSTASH detections allowed us to estimate the mass eruption rate (an average value of about 1.5 × 103 kg/s was retrieved here), quantitatively characterizing the eruptive activity from North East Crater (NEC). The work, exploiting information provided also by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data, confirms the important contribution offered by RSTASH in identifying and tracking ash plumes emitted from Mt. Etna, despite some operational limitations (e.g., cloud coverage). Moreover, it shows that an experimental RST product, tailored to SEVIRI data, for the first time used and preliminarily assessed here, may complement RSTASH detections providing information about areas mostly affected by volcanic SO2. |
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| AbstractList | In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor ash emissions occurred from summit craters. In this study, we present results achieved by monitoring Mt. Etna plumes by means of RSTASH (Robust Satellite Techniques-Ash) algorithm, running operationally at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Results showed that RSTASH detected an ash plume dispersing from Mt. Etna towards Ionian Sea starting from 3 December at 08:40 UTC, whereas it did not identify ash pixels on satellite data of same day at 04:20 UTC and 04:40 UTC (acquired soon after the end of first paroxysm from VOR), due to a mixed cloud containing SO2 and ice. During 8–10 December, the continuity of RSTASH detections allowed us to estimate the mass eruption rate (an average value of about 1.5 × 103 kg/s was retrieved here), quantitatively characterizing the eruptive activity from North East Crater (NEC). The work, exploiting information provided also by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data, confirms the important contribution offered by RSTASH in identifying and tracking ash plumes emitted from Mt. Etna, despite some operational limitations (e.g., cloud coverage). Moreover, it shows that an experimental RST product, tailored to SEVIRI data, for the first time used and preliminarily assessed here, may complement RSTASH detections providing information about areas mostly affected by volcanic SO2. In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor ash emissions occurred from summit craters. In this study, we present results achieved by monitoring Mt. Etna plumes by means of RSTASH (Robust Satellite Techniques-Ash) algorithm, running operationally at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Results showed that RSTASH detected an ash plume dispersing from Mt. Etna towards Ionian Sea starting from 3 December at 08:40 UTC, whereas it did not identify ash pixels on satellite data of same day at 04:20 UTC and 04:40 UTC (acquired soon after the end of first paroxysm from VOR), due to a mixed cloud containing SO₂ and ice. During 8⁻10 December, the continuity of RSTASH detections allowed us to estimate the mass eruption rate (an average value of about 1.5 × 10³ kg/s was retrieved here), quantitatively characterizing the eruptive activity from North East Crater (NEC). The work, exploiting information provided also by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data, confirms the important contribution offered by RSTASH in identifying and tracking ash plumes emitted from Mt. Etna, despite some operational limitations (e.g., cloud coverage). Moreover, it shows that an experimental RST product, tailored to SEVIRI data, for the first time used and preliminarily assessed here, may complement RSTASH detections providing information about areas mostly affected by volcanic SO₂.In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor ash emissions occurred from summit craters. In this study, we present results achieved by monitoring Mt. Etna plumes by means of RSTASH (Robust Satellite Techniques-Ash) algorithm, running operationally at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Results showed that RSTASH detected an ash plume dispersing from Mt. Etna towards Ionian Sea starting from 3 December at 08:40 UTC, whereas it did not identify ash pixels on satellite data of same day at 04:20 UTC and 04:40 UTC (acquired soon after the end of first paroxysm from VOR), due to a mixed cloud containing SO₂ and ice. During 8⁻10 December, the continuity of RSTASH detections allowed us to estimate the mass eruption rate (an average value of about 1.5 × 10³ kg/s was retrieved here), quantitatively characterizing the eruptive activity from North East Crater (NEC). The work, exploiting information provided also by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data, confirms the important contribution offered by RSTASH in identifying and tracking ash plumes emitted from Mt. Etna, despite some operational limitations (e.g., cloud coverage). Moreover, it shows that an experimental RST product, tailored to SEVIRI data, for the first time used and preliminarily assessed here, may complement RSTASH detections providing information about areas mostly affected by volcanic SO₂. In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the Voragine crater (VOR) generated an eruptive column extending up to an altitude of about 15 km above sea level. In the following days, other minor ash emissions occurred from summit craters. In this study, we present results achieved by monitoring Mt. Etna plumes by means of RST (Robust Satellite Techniques-Ash) algorithm, running operationally at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Results showed that RST detected an ash plume dispersing from Mt. Etna towards Ionian Sea starting from 3 December at 08:40 UTC, whereas it did not identify ash pixels on satellite data of same day at 04:20 UTC and 04:40 UTC (acquired soon after the end of first paroxysm from VOR), due to a mixed cloud containing SO₂ and ice. During 8⁻10 December, the continuity of RST detections allowed us to estimate the mass eruption rate (an average value of about 1.5 × 10³ kg/s was retrieved here), quantitatively characterizing the eruptive activity from North East Crater (NEC). The work, exploiting information provided also by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data, confirms the important contribution offered by RST in identifying and tracking ash plumes emitted from Mt. Etna, despite some operational limitations (e.g., cloud coverage). Moreover, it shows that an experimental RST product, tailored to SEVIRI data, for the first time used and preliminarily assessed here, may complement RST detections providing information about areas mostly affected by volcanic SO₂. |
| Author | Pergola, Nicola Marchese, Francesco Filizzola, Carolina Falconieri, Alfredo Tramutoli, Valerio |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), Italian Research Council (CNR), 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy; alfredo.falconieri@imaa.cnr.it (A.F.); carolina.filizzola@imaa.cnr.it (C.F.); nicola.pergola@imaa.cnr.it (N.P.) 2 School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; valerio.tramutoli@unibas.it |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), Italian Research Council (CNR), 85050 Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy; alfredo.falconieri@imaa.cnr.it (A.F.); carolina.filizzola@imaa.cnr.it (C.F.); nicola.pergola@imaa.cnr.it (N.P.) – name: 2 School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; valerio.tramutoli@unibas.it |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Francesco orcidid: 0000-0001-7590-5638 surname: Marchese fullname: Marchese, Francesco – sequence: 2 givenname: Alfredo orcidid: 0000-0001-6709-8370 surname: Falconieri fullname: Falconieri, Alfredo – sequence: 3 givenname: Carolina orcidid: 0000-0003-4013-3601 surname: Filizzola fullname: Filizzola, Carolina – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicola orcidid: 0000-0001-7619-6685 surname: Pergola fullname: Pergola, Nicola – sequence: 5 givenname: Valerio orcidid: 0000-0003-3875-7909 surname: Tramutoli fullname: Tramutoli, Valerio |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3390/geosciences8040140 10.1029/2002JD002802 10.3389/feart.2018.00107 10.1029/2011JD016788 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293056 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.018 10.5194/amt-2-177-2009 10.1002/2016GL070119 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.013 10.5194/acp-13-2589-2013 10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740338 10.1007/s00445-005-0412-z 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.008 10.5194/acp-17-9205-2017 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.004 10.1002/wea.2794 10.3390/s18020369 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.038 10.1002/2016JB013191 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.020 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.10.022 10.1029/2012JB009592 10.5194/amt-7-2437-2014 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.014 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.10.011 10.1080/01431168908903916 10.1029/2001JD000706 10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00071-5 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/s00445-003-0280-3 10.1029/2006GL028691 10.3390/rs10060919 10.1016/0377-0273(79)90051-9 10.1080/014311698214307 10.1002/2013JD020604 10.5194/amt-9-2103-2016 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057 10.1007/BF01067952 10.3389/feart.2018.00239 10.1038/s41598-017-05065-x |
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| Snippet | In early December 2015, a rapid sequence of strong paroxysmal events took place at the Mt. Etna crater area (Sicily, Italy). Intense paroxysms from the... |
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| SubjectTerms | ash clouds AVHRR Mt. Etna SEVIRI |
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| Title | Investigating Volcanic Plumes from Mt. Etna Eruptions of December 2015 by Means of AVHRR and SEVIRI Data |
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