Target Values for 25-Hydroxy and 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Based on Their Associations with Inflammation and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism
Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammat...
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| Published in | Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 16; p. 2679 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
13.08.2024
MDPI |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2072-6643 2072-6643 |
| DOI | 10.3390/nu16162679 |
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| Abstract | Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. |
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| AbstractList | Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH) 2 D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH) 2 D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH) 2 D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH) 2 D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH) 2 D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH) 2 D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH) D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH) D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH) D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH) D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH) D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30-50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH) D between 50-70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)₂D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)₂D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)₂D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)₂D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)₂D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)₂D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30-50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50-70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints.Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30-50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50-70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. |
| Author | Chen, Xin Elitok, Saban Hocher, Berthold Reichetzeder, Christoph Li, Xitong Liu, Yvonne Krämer, Bernhard K. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Mannheim, Germany; lixitong0729@gmail.com (X.L.); yvonne.liuye.2000@gmail.com (Y.L.); xin.chen@charite.de (X.C.); bernhard.kraemer@umm.de (B.K.K.) 4 Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, 14467 Potsdam, Germany 6 School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China 3 Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, 14467 Potsdam, Germany; christoph.reichetzeder@hmu-potsdam.de (C.R.); saban.elitok@klinikumevb.de (S.E.) 5 Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China 2 Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, 14467 Potsdam, Germany – name: 5 Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410008, China – name: 1 Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Mannheim, Germany; lixitong0729@gmail.com (X.L.); yvonne.liuye.2000@gmail.com (Y.L.); xin.chen@charite.de (X.C.); bernhard.kraemer@umm.de (B.K.K.) – name: 6 School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China – name: 2 Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany – name: 3 Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, 14467 Potsdam, Germany; christoph.reichetzeder@hmu-potsdam.de (C.R.); saban.elitok@klinikumevb.de (S.E.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xitong orcidid: 0009-0003-3060-282X surname: Li fullname: Li, Xitong – sequence: 2 givenname: Yvonne orcidid: 0000-0002-5688-2108 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yvonne – sequence: 3 givenname: Xin orcidid: 0000-0003-4997-1257 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xin – sequence: 4 givenname: Christoph surname: Reichetzeder fullname: Reichetzeder, Christoph – sequence: 5 givenname: Saban surname: Elitok fullname: Elitok, Saban – sequence: 6 givenname: Bernhard K. orcidid: 0000-0002-1718-2918 surname: Krämer fullname: Krämer, Bernhard K. – sequence: 7 givenname: Berthold orcidid: 0000-0001-8143-0579 surname: Hocher fullname: Hocher, Berthold |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39203816$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | CRP calcium phosphate iPTH 25-hydroxy vitamin D white blood cell count 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D |
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| Title | Target Values for 25-Hydroxy and 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Based on Their Associations with Inflammation and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism |
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