Subjective cognitive decline: The first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease?

ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessment...

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Published inDementia & neuropsychologia Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 170 - 177
Main Authors Studart Neto, Adalberto, Nitrini, Ricardo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Brazil Associação de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento 01.07.2016
Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1980-5764
1980-5764
DOI10.1590/S1980-5764-2016DN1003002

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Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. Objective: A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. Methods: We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Results: Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. RESUMO Introdução: O comprometimento cognitivo leve é considerado como a primeira manifestação clínica da doença de Alzheimer, quando o indivíduo exibe um desempenho abaixo para idade e escolaridade em testes neuropsicológicos padronizados. No entanto, alguns já apresentam uma queixa subjetiva de memória antes doprejuízo nas avaliações cognitivas. Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão sobre o declínio cognitivo subjetivo, a associação com biomarcadores da doença de Alzheimer e o risco de conversão para demência. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão não-sistemática no PubMed. As palavras-chave utilizadas na busca foram relacionadas ao declínio cognitivo subjetivo. Resultados: O declínio cognitivo subjetivo é caracterizada por uma autoexperiência da deterioração no desempenho cognitivo não detectado objetivamente por meio de testes neuropsicológicos formais. Todavia, vários termos e definições são utilizados na literatura e a falta de um conceito largamente aceito dificulta uma comparação. Os dados epidemiológicos mostram que indivíduos com declínio cognitivo subjetivo estão em maior risco de progressão para demência. Além disso, há evidências de que este grupo tem maior prevalência de biomarcadores positivos para amiloidose e neurodegeneração. Porém, a doença de Alzheimer não é a única causa e várias outras condições podem estar associadas, tais como distúrbios psiquiátricos ou o envelhecimento normal. As características sugestivas de uma doença neurodegenerativa são: início nos últimos cinco anos, início acima de 60 anos, estar preocupado com declínio e confirmação por um informante. Conclusão: Estes resultados suportam a ideia de que o declínio cognitivo subjetivo pode ser um marcador clínico precoce que precede comprometimento cognitivo leve devido à doença de Alzheimer.
AbstractList ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. Objective: A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. Methods: We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Results: Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. Objective: A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. Methods: We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Results: Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. RESUMO Introdução: O comprometimento cognitivo leve é considerado como a primeira manifestação clínica da doença de Alzheimer, quando o indivíduo exibe um desempenho abaixo para idade e escolaridade em testes neuropsicológicos padronizados. No entanto, alguns já apresentam uma queixa subjetiva de memória antes doprejuízo nas avaliações cognitivas. Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão sobre o declínio cognitivo subjetivo, a associação com biomarcadores da doença de Alzheimer e o risco de conversão para demência. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão não-sistemática no PubMed. As palavras-chave utilizadas na busca foram relacionadas ao declínio cognitivo subjetivo. Resultados: O declínio cognitivo subjetivo é caracterizada por uma autoexperiência da deterioração no desempenho cognitivo não detectado objetivamente por meio de testes neuropsicológicos formais. Todavia, vários termos e definições são utilizados na literatura e a falta de um conceito largamente aceito dificulta uma comparação. Os dados epidemiológicos mostram que indivíduos com declínio cognitivo subjetivo estão em maior risco de progressão para demência. Além disso, há evidências de que este grupo tem maior prevalência de biomarcadores positivos para amiloidose e neurodegeneração. Porém, a doença de Alzheimer não é a única causa e várias outras condições podem estar associadas, tais como distúrbios psiquiátricos ou o envelhecimento normal. As características sugestivas de uma doença neurodegenerativa são: início nos últimos cinco anos, início acima de 60 anos, estar preocupado com declínio e confirmação por um informante. Conclusão: Estes resultados suportam a ideia de que o declínio cognitivo subjetivo pode ser um marcador clínico precoce que precede comprometimento cognitivo leve devido à doença de Alzheimer.
Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint.BACKGROUNDMild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint.A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia.OBJECTIVEA review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia.We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline.METHODSWe performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline.Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant.RESULTSSubjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant.These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.CONCLUSIONThese findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
Author Nitrini, Ricardo
Studart Neto, Adalberto
AuthorAffiliation Universidade de São Paulo
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Universidade de São Paulo
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  givenname: Adalberto
  surname: Studart Neto
  fullname: Studart Neto, Adalberto
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  surname: Nitrini
  fullname: Nitrini, Ricardo
  organization: Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29213452$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 3
Keywords dementia
subjective cognitive decline
Alzheimer's disease
biomarkers
doença de Alzheimer
declínio cognitivo subjetivo
biomarcadores
Language English
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Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Author contribution.: Adalberto Studart Neto contributed to study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Ricardo Nitrini contributed drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
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Snippet ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits...
Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on...
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SubjectTerms Alzheimer's disease
biomarkers
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
dementia
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
NURSING
PSYCHIATRY
PSYCHOLOGY
subjective cognitive decline
Views & Reviews
Title Subjective cognitive decline: The first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease?
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29213452
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5642412
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Volume 10
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