Effects of oat β-glucan consumption at breakfast on ad libitum eating, appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects

• Published in: Appetite Vol. 128; pp. 197 - 204
• Main Authors: Zaremba, Suzanne M.M., Gow, Iain F., Drummond, Sandra, McCluskey, Jane T., Steinert, Robert E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2018
• Subjects: Adult; appetite; Appetite - drug effects; Avena; beta-glucans; beta-Glucans - administration & dosage; blood glucose; Blood Glucose - metabolism; blood sampling; body mass index; breakfast; Breakfast - physiology; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Eating - drug effects; energy; Energy intake; Female; GLP-1; glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; hormone secretion; Humans; hyperinsulinemia; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Male; males; molecular weight; Oat β-glucan; oats; Postprandial Period; Satiation - drug effects; Satiety; test meals; Energy intake; Satiety; Oat β-glucan; GLP-1; Glucose; Insulin
• ISSN: 0195-6663; 1095-8304; 1095-8304
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.019

There is evidence that oat β-glucan lowers appetite and ad libitum eating; however, not all studies are consistent, and the underpinning mechanisms are not entirely understood. We investigated the effects of 4 g high molecular weight (MW) oat β-glucan on ad libitum eating, subjective appetite, glycemia, insulinemia and plasma GLP-1 responses in 33 normal-weight subjects (22 female/11 male, mean age (y): 26.9 ± 1.0, BMI (kg/m2): 23.5 ± 0.4). The study followed a randomised double-blind, cross-over design with subjects fed two test breakfasts with and without oat β-glucan followed by an ad libitum test meal on two different days. Blood samples and ratings for subjective appetite were collected postprandially at regular time intervals. Oat β-glucan increased feelings of fullness (p = 0.048) and satiety (p = 0.034), but did not affect energy and amount eaten at the ad libitum test meal. There was a treatment by time interaction for plasma GLP-1, plasma insulin and blood glucose. GLP-1 was significantly reduced at 90 min (p = 0.021), blood glucose at 30 min (p = 0.008) and plasma insulin at 30 and 60 min (p = 0.002 and 0.017, respectively) following the oat β-glucan breakfast when compared with the control breakfast. Four grams of high MW oat β-glucan lowers appetite but not ad libitum eating and beneficially modulates postprandial glycaemia, it does however, not increase plasma GLP-1 secretion.