Emergence of lignin-carbohydrate interactions during plant stem maturation visualized by solid-state NMR

Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inNature communications Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 8010 - 15
Main Authors Xiao, Peng, Pfaff, Sarah A., Zhao, Wancheng, Debnath, Debkumar, Vojvodin, Cameron S., Liu, Chang-Jun, Cosgrove, Daniel J., Wang, Tuo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 27.08.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI10.1038/s41467-025-63512-0

Cover

Abstract Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13 C-labeled Arabidopsi s inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials. Solid-state NMR reveals that lignin-carbohydrate contact patterns, rather than lignin amount, shape the structure and property of plant cell walls, highlighting distinct roles of lignin and carbohydrate units during wall formation.
AbstractList Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.Solid-state NMR reveals that lignin-carbohydrate contact patterns, rather than lignin amount, shape the structure and property of plant cell walls, highlighting distinct roles of lignin and carbohydrate units during wall formation.
Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13 C-labeled Arabidopsi s inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials. Solid-state NMR reveals that lignin-carbohydrate contact patterns, rather than lignin amount, shape the structure and property of plant cell walls, highlighting distinct roles of lignin and carbohydrate units during wall formation.
Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.
Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.
Lignification waterproofs and strengthens the secondary plant cell wall, while increasing the energy cost associated with releasing sugars for biofuel production. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, as well as the temporally distinct roles of different lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain largely unclear. Here we map the lignin-carbohydrate interactions by solid-state NMR in 13C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems as secondary cell walls are formed. Analysis includes wild-type and two mutants that either selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature cell walls in the basal regions of older stems are enriched in S-lignin and carbohydrate-lignin interactions. Acetylated xylan is the dominant mediator of interactions with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The critical role of S-lignin in stabilizing carbohydrate-lignin interface is emphasized by the weak lignin-carbohydrate interactions and compromised mechanical properties of a low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, with low overall lignin content but a higher S/G ratio, remained unaffected. These findings demonstrate that the molecular mixing pattern, rather than lignin content, is a key determinant of the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.
Abstract Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association between lignin and the carbohydrate scaffold that accommodates lignin polymerization, along with the distinct roles of lignin units and carbohydrate partners during lignification, remain unclear. Here, we map lignin-carbohydrate spatial proximity by solid-state NMR in 13C-labeled Arabidopsis inflorescence stems during secondary cell wall formation. Analyses include wild-type plants and mutants that selectively or globally disrupt lignin biosynthesis. Mature walls in basal regions show enrichment of S-lignin and dense carbohydrate-lignin packing. Acetylated xylan predominantly associates with S-lignin, while methylated pectin unexpectedly interacts with G-lignin during early-stage lignification. The importance of S-lignin in stabilizing the carbohydrate-lignin interface is highlighted by weak lignin-carbohydrate contacts and compromised mechanical properties in the low-S fah1 mutant, whereas the ref3 mutant, despite reduced lignin content, remains unaffected due to a high S/G ratio. Thus, molecular mixing patterns, rather than lignin content, critically determine the structure and properties of lignocellulosic materials.
ArticleNumber 8010
Author Zhao, Wancheng
Debnath, Debkumar
Xiao, Peng
Pfaff, Sarah A.
Liu, Chang-Jun
Wang, Tuo
Vojvodin, Cameron S.
Cosgrove, Daniel J.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Peng
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6430-0278
  surname: Xiao
  fullname: Xiao, Peng
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sarah A.
  surname: Pfaff
  fullname: Pfaff, Sarah A.
  organization: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Wancheng
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Wancheng
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Debkumar
  surname: Debnath
  fullname: Debnath, Debkumar
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Cameron S.
  surname: Vojvodin
  fullname: Vojvodin, Cameron S.
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Chang-Jun
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6189-8756
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Chang-Jun
  organization: Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Daniel J.
  surname: Cosgrove
  fullname: Cosgrove, Daniel J.
  email: dcosgrove@psu.edu
  organization: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Tuo
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1801-924X
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Tuo
  email: wangtuo1@msu.edu
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40866439$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2587324$$D View this record in Osti.gov
BookMark eNp9kk9v1DAQxSNUREvpF-CAIrhwCfjPOM6eEKoKVCogIThbjjPJepXYi-1UWj49TlNKywFfbNm_eTN6fk-LI-cdFsVzSt5Qwpu3ESjUsiJMVDUXlFXkUXHCCNCKSsaP7p2Pi7MYdyQvvqENwJPiGEhT18A3J8X2YsIwoDNY-r4c7eCsq4wOrd8euqATltYlDNok610suzlYN5T7UbtUxoRTOek0Zy6_ltc2znq0v7Ar20MZ_Wi7KqZF48vnb8-Kx70eI57d7qfFjw8X388_VVdfP16ev7-qDPCaVLVuBDBmeiYFJ5RpyYFh21PTm7rBnhDD2pppAQJI1xAqdQ-SAOcgN90G-Glxuep2Xu_UPthJh4Py2qqbCx8GpUOyZkRlmO6ahrLsoYS2lRo0B-zkogqk7rPWu1VrP7cTdgZdCnp8IPrwxdmtGvy1oixbDVRmhZergo_JqmhsQrM13jk0STHRSM6WkV_ftgn-54wxqclGg2M2Gf0cVWZqIKIGltFX_6A7PweXDV0ooEIILjL14v7cdwP_-fYMsBUwwccYsL9DKFFLvNQaL5WtUTfxUiQX8bUo7pcQYPjb-z9VvwFe2tBo
Cites_doi 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10045
10.1007/s00425-015-2358-5
10.1016/j.jmr.2003.08.009
10.1105/tpc.20.00252
10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00136-6
10.1007/s00226-013-0568-1
10.1111/nph.15537
10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00441
10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.022
10.1073/pnas.96.16.8955
10.1126/science.1189268
10.1038/s41477-018-0142-9
10.1126/science.aaz5103
10.1111/tpj.12124
10.1093/jxb/erv501
10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00039-0
10.15252/embj.2019101948
10.1515/hfsg.1986.40.1.19
10.1039/c0cs00108b
10.1111/pbi.12225
10.1111/tpj.12575
10.1186/s13068-017-0902-1
10.1093/aob/mcv046
10.1007/BF01007699
10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118370
10.1104/pp.110.155119
10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00182-3
10.1038/s41467-022-28165-3
10.1105/tpc.106.049320
10.1093/jxb/erz180
10.1038/s41477-017-0030-8
10.3791/51381
10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669
10.1073/pnas.1116416109
10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.030
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03996.x
10.1093/plcell/koac051
10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938
10.1038/nprot.2012.064
10.3109/10409238.2014.889651
10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.003
10.1021/ja971089k
10.1038/s41467-018-08252-0
10.1104/pp.110.167254
10.1016/0031-9422(95)00413-2
10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00791-6
10.1038/s41477-022-01156-4
10.1038/s41467-020-19837-z
10.1021/jf2031549
10.1111/tpj.12135
10.1007/s10858-014-9889-0
10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00249-4
10.1073/pnas.1316290110
10.1073/pnas.96.22.12328
10.1021/ja992272b
10.1021/bi3015532
10.1016/j.pbi.2009.12.009
10.1021/acsomega.1c01978
10.1039/B819206E
10.1038/s41467-018-05199-0
10.1242/dev.127613
10.1126/sciadv.adi7965
10.3389/fpls.2012.00012
10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.09.006
10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9
10.1098/rsif.2012.0341
10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100099
10.1038/s41467-020-18449-x
10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.018
10.1016/j.str.2023.07.012
10.1007/s10086-016-1536-9
10.1007/s00425-011-1359-2
10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163508
10.1021/bi501552k
10.1042/BST20150183
10.1186/1471-2229-3-2
10.1007/s10570-019-02511-z
10.1105/tpc.017509
10.1021/bm049390y
10.1073/pnas.95.12.6619
10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00049-8
10.1515/HF.2006.025
10.1039/C8GC03606C
10.1038/nature14099
10.1093/mp/sst014
10.1021/jf0205312
10.1093/pcp/pcu140
10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.006
10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.005
10.1105/tpc.18.00778
10.1186/s13068-017-0973-z
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2025
2025. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s) 2025 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2025
– notice: 2025. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2025. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s) 2025 2025
CorporateAuthor Brookhaven National Lab
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: Brookhaven National Lab
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P5Z
P62
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
RC3
SOI
7X8
OIOZB
OTOTI
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-63512-0
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Environment Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Journals
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central
Technology collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Biological Science Database (Proquest)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest)
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Genetics Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
OSTI.GOV - Hybrid
OSTI.GOV
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
Chemoreception Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Immunology Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database


MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 5
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2041-1723
EndPage 15
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c2ad881202574bb7a4a34ed78017406f
PMC12391417
2587324
40866439
10_1038_s41467_025_63512_0
Genre Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
  grantid: DE-SC0023702; DE-SC0001090
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100000015
– fundername: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
  grantid: DE-SC0023702
– fundername: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
  grantid: DE-SC0001090
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
39C
53G
5VS
70F
7X7
88E
8AO
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAHBH
AAJSJ
AASML
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACMJI
ACPRK
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADMLS
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFRAH
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMTXH
AOIJS
ARAPS
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
EBLON
EBS
EE.
EMOBN
F5P
FEDTE
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HVGLF
HYE
HZ~
KQ8
LGEZI
LK8
LOTEE
M1P
M7P
M~E
NADUK
NAO
NXXTH
O9-
OK1
P2P
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PUEGO
RNS
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
SV3
TSG
UKHRP
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
M48
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
RC3
SOI
7X8
OIOZB
OTOTI
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c4360-6a85422cf2753012a7342ebf1cfc68ef00c2b62a54540d8017af470433479d943
IEDL.DBID 8FG
ISSN 2041-1723
IngestDate Mon Sep 01 19:35:08 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 30 05:11:25 EDT 2025
Mon Sep 08 02:21:58 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 12:33:12 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 28 05:10:55 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 05:00:12 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 11 00:35:11 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 28 04:25:44 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License 2025. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4360-6a85422cf2753012a7342ebf1cfc68ef00c2b62a54540d8017af470433479d943
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
SC0012704
BNL-228831-2025-JAAM
ORCID 0000-0001-6189-8756
0000-0002-1801-924X
0000-0002-6430-0278
0000000161898756
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244155535?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 40866439
PQID 3244155535
PQPubID 546298
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c2ad881202574bb7a4a34ed78017406f
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12391417
osti_scitechconnect_2587324
proquest_miscellaneous_3246405642
proquest_journals_3244155535
pubmed_primary_40866439
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_63512_0
springer_journals_10_1038_s41467_025_63512_0
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20250827
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-08-27
PublicationDate_xml – month: 8
  year: 2025
  text: 20250827
  day: 27
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
– name: United States
PublicationTitle Nature communications
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nat Commun
PublicationTitleAlternate Nat Commun
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References W Boerjan (63512_CR15) 2003; 54
OM Terret (63512_CR74) 2019; 56
D Ye (63512_CR87) 2020; 11
R Dupree (63512_CR81) 2015; 54
AM Patten (63512_CR38) 2010; 6
H Temple (63512_CR59) 2022; 8
JK Williams (63512_CR91) 2015; 72
D Mohnen (63512_CR48) 2008; 11
63512_CR83
63512_CR84
B Addison (63512_CR25) 2024; 10
D Lairez (63512_CR56) 2005; 6
M Lawoko (63512_CR64) 2006; 60
AL Schilmiller (63512_CR31) 2009; 60
JR Bromley (63512_CR75) 2013; 74
M Gou (63512_CR34) 2019; 31
T Wang (63512_CR94) 2012; 51
CR Poovaiah (63512_CR7) 2014; 12
T Watanabe (63512_CR79) 1988; 52
M Busse-Wicher (63512_CR21) 2014; 79
P Tocquin (63512_CR82) 2003; 3
JM Humphreys (63512_CR37) 1999; 96
M Gou (63512_CR32) 2018; 4
K Takegoshi (63512_CR92) 2001; 344
R Vanholme (63512_CR6) 2008; 11
C Somerville (63512_CR1) 2010; 329
RJ Moon (63512_CR3) 2011; 40
LJ Gibson (63512_CR17) 2012; 9
L Shahin (63512_CR52) 2023; 9
P Perrone (63512_CR53) 2002; 60
A Lesage (63512_CR90) 1999; 121
JJ Lyczakowski (63512_CR73) 2017; 10
63512_CR72
T Wang (63512_CR93) 2015; 61
M Özparpucu (63512_CR43) 2019; 70
RD Boyer (63512_CR95) 2003; 165
J Marita (63512_CR39) 1999; 96
X Du (63512_CR68) 2013; 74
ML Perkins (63512_CR14) 2022; 34
GT Beckham (63512_CR4) 2016; 42
T Wang (63512_CR45) 2016; 17
N Sengkhamparn (63512_CR54) 2008; 344
N Giummarella (63512_CR67) 2019; 21
D Loque (63512_CR5) 2015; 25
G Musel (63512_CR70) 1997; 201
K Osakabe (63512_CR36) 1999; 96
J Rencoret (63512_CR40) 2011; 155
R Zhong (63512_CR11) 2015; 56
A Lesage (63512_CR89) 1997; 119
HC Chen (63512_CR29) 2011; 108
RB Nair (63512_CR30) 2004; 16
AA Shatalov (63512_CR80) 1999; 320
A Kirui (63512_CR27) 2022; 13
R Vanholme (63512_CR35) 2010; 153
63512_CR23
T-Q Yuan (63512_CR63) 2011; 59
DJ States (63512_CR88) 1982; 48
R Zhong (63512_CR9) 2018; 221
B Waliszewska (63512_CR41) 2019; 26
S Gille (63512_CR51) 2012; 3
Z Hao (63512_CR55) 2014; 49
M Busse-Wicher (63512_CR76) 2016; 44
NJ Grantham (63512_CR22) 2017; 3
SD Mansfield (63512_CR44) 2012; 7
LA Donaldson (63512_CR49) 2001; 57
T Iversen (63512_CR66) 2009; 40
M Zauer (63512_CR86) 2013; 47
AJ Rgauskas (63512_CR18) 2014; 344
MJ Peña (63512_CR77) 2007; 19
M Pauly (63512_CR2) 2010; 13
63512_CR8
N Ghassemi (63512_CR19) 2021; 122
LD Fernando (63512_CR20) 2023; 31
J Du (63512_CR60) 2020; 32
A Kirui (63512_CR61) 2021; 270
D Yamashita (63512_CR85) 2016; 62
W Gindl (63512_CR42) 2002; 33
J Ralph (63512_CR71) 1992; 1
ND Bonawitz (63512_CR10) 2010; 44
M Balakshin (63512_CR65) 2011; 233
K Meyer (63512_CR33) 1998; 95
G Xiong (63512_CR50) 2013; 6
KT Haas (63512_CR58) 2020; 367
J Barros (63512_CR13) 2015; 115
CT Anderson (63512_CR47) 2015; 67
M Taylor-Teeples (63512_CR12) 2014; 517
X Kang (63512_CR62) 2018; 9
MH Lee (63512_CR16) 2019; 38
T Wang (63512_CR46) 2013; 110
X Kang (63512_CR26) 2019; 10
JH Grabber (63512_CR69) 2002; 50
A Teleman (63512_CR78) 2000; 4
OM Terrett (63512_CR28) 2019; 10
G Levesque-Tremblay (63512_CR57) 2015; 242
P Duan (63512_CR24) 2021; 6
References_xml – volume: 96
  start-page: 10045
  year: 1999
  ident: 63512_CR37
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10045
– volume: 242
  start-page: 791
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR57
  publication-title: Planta
  doi: 10.1007/s00425-015-2358-5
– volume: 165
  start-page: 253
  year: 2003
  ident: 63512_CR95
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2003.08.009
– volume: 32
  start-page: 3576
  year: 2020
  ident: 63512_CR60
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1105/tpc.20.00252
– volume: 320
  start-page: 93
  year: 1999
  ident: 63512_CR80
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00136-6
– volume: 47
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2013
  ident: 63512_CR86
  publication-title: Wood Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00226-013-0568-1
– volume: 221
  start-page: 1703
  year: 2018
  ident: 63512_CR9
  publication-title: New Phytol.
  doi: 10.1111/nph.15537
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2210
  year: 2016
  ident: 63512_CR45
  publication-title: Biomacromolecules
  doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00441
– volume: 344
  start-page: 1842
  year: 2008
  ident: 63512_CR54
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.022
– volume: 96
  start-page: 8955
  year: 1999
  ident: 63512_CR36
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.16.8955
– volume: 329
  start-page: 790
  year: 2010
  ident: 63512_CR1
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1189268
– volume: 4
  start-page: 299
  year: 2018
  ident: 63512_CR32
  publication-title: Nat. Plants
  doi: 10.1038/s41477-018-0142-9
– volume: 367
  start-page: 1003
  year: 2020
  ident: 63512_CR58
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaz5103
– volume: 344
  start-page: 6185
  year: 2014
  ident: 63512_CR18
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 74
  start-page: 328
  year: 2013
  ident: 63512_CR68
  publication-title: Plant J.
  doi: 10.1111/tpj.12124
– volume: 67
  start-page: 495
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR47
  publication-title: J. Exp. Bot.
  doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv501
– volume: 60
  start-page: 67
  year: 2002
  ident: 63512_CR53
  publication-title: Phytochemistry
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00039-0
– volume: 38
  start-page: e101948
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR16
  publication-title: EMBO J.
  doi: 10.15252/embj.2019101948
– volume: 40
  start-page: 19
  year: 2009
  ident: 63512_CR66
  publication-title: Holzforschung
  doi: 10.1515/hfsg.1986.40.1.19
– volume: 40
  start-page: 3941
  year: 2011
  ident: 63512_CR3
  publication-title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
  doi: 10.1039/c0cs00108b
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1163
  year: 2014
  ident: 63512_CR7
  publication-title: Plant Biotechnol. J.
  doi: 10.1111/pbi.12225
– volume: 79
  start-page: 492
  year: 2014
  ident: 63512_CR21
  publication-title: Plant J.
  doi: 10.1111/tpj.12575
– volume: 10
  start-page: 224
  year: 2017
  ident: 63512_CR73
  publication-title: Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod.
  doi: 10.1186/s13068-017-0902-1
– volume: 115
  start-page: 1053
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR13
  publication-title: Ann. Bot.
  doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv046
– volume: 201
  start-page: 146
  year: 1997
  ident: 63512_CR70
  publication-title: Planta
  doi: 10.1007/BF01007699
– volume: 270
  start-page: 118370
  year: 2021
  ident: 63512_CR61
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Polym.
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118370
– volume: 153
  start-page: 895
  year: 2010
  ident: 63512_CR35
  publication-title: Plant Physiol.
  doi: 10.1104/pp.110.155119
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1623
  year: 2002
  ident: 63512_CR42
  publication-title: Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00182-3
– volume: 13
  year: 2022
  ident: 63512_CR27
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28165-3
– volume: 19
  start-page: 549
  year: 2007
  ident: 63512_CR77
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1105/tpc.106.049320
– volume: 70
  start-page: 4039
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR43
  publication-title: J. Exp. Bot. J. Exp. Bot.
  doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz180
– volume: 3
  start-page: 859
  year: 2017
  ident: 63512_CR22
  publication-title: Nat. Plants
  doi: 10.1038/s41477-017-0030-8
– ident: 63512_CR84
  doi: 10.3791/51381
– volume: 122
  start-page: 10036
  year: 2021
  ident: 63512_CR19
  publication-title: Chem. Rev.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669
– volume: 108
  start-page: 21253
  year: 2011
  ident: 63512_CR29
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1116416109
– volume: 42
  start-page: 40
  year: 2016
  ident: 63512_CR4
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.030
– volume: 60
  start-page: 771
  year: 2009
  ident: 63512_CR31
  publication-title: Plant J.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03996.x
– volume: 34
  start-page: 2080
  year: 2022
  ident: 63512_CR14
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1093/plcell/koac051
– volume: 54
  start-page: 519
  year: 2003
  ident: 63512_CR15
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1579
  year: 2012
  ident: 63512_CR44
  publication-title: Nat. Protoc.
  doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.064
– volume: 49
  start-page: 212
  year: 2014
  ident: 63512_CR55
  publication-title: Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.
  doi: 10.3109/10409238.2014.889651
– volume: 56
  start-page: 97
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR74
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.003
– volume: 52
  start-page: 2953
  year: 1988
  ident: 63512_CR79
  publication-title: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.
– volume: 119
  start-page: 7867
  year: 1997
  ident: 63512_CR89
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja971089k
– volume: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR26
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08252-0
– volume: 155
  start-page: 667
  year: 2011
  ident: 63512_CR40
  publication-title: Plant Physiol.
  doi: 10.1104/pp.110.167254
– volume: 1
  start-page: 2962
  year: 1992
  ident: 63512_CR71
  publication-title: J. Chem. Soc. Perk. Trans.
– ident: 63512_CR72
  doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00413-2
– volume: 344
  start-page: 631
  year: 2001
  ident: 63512_CR92
  publication-title: Chem. Phys. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00791-6
– volume: 8
  start-page: 656
  year: 2022
  ident: 63512_CR59
  publication-title: Nat. Plants
  doi: 10.1038/s41477-022-01156-4
– ident: 63512_CR23
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19837-z
– volume: 59
  start-page: 10604
  year: 2011
  ident: 63512_CR63
  publication-title: J. Agric. Food Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/jf2031549
– volume: 74
  start-page: 423
  year: 2013
  ident: 63512_CR75
  publication-title: Plant J.
  doi: 10.1111/tpj.12135
– volume: 61
  start-page: 97
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR93
  publication-title: J. Biomol. NMR
  doi: 10.1007/s10858-014-9889-0
– volume: 4
  start-page: 807
  year: 2000
  ident: 63512_CR78
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00249-4
– volume: 110
  start-page: 16444
  year: 2013
  ident: 63512_CR46
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316290110
– volume: 96
  start-page: 12328
  year: 1999
  ident: 63512_CR39
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12328
– volume: 121
  start-page: 10987
  year: 1999
  ident: 63512_CR90
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja992272b
– volume: 51
  start-page: 9846
  year: 2012
  ident: 63512_CR94
  publication-title: Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1021/bi3015532
– volume: 13
  start-page: 305
  year: 2010
  ident: 63512_CR2
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.12.009
– volume: 6
  start-page: 15460
  year: 2021
  ident: 63512_CR24
  publication-title: ACS Omega
  doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01978
– volume: 6
  start-page: 499
  year: 2010
  ident: 63512_CR38
  publication-title: Mol. Biosyst.
  doi: 10.1039/B819206E
– volume: 9
  year: 2018
  ident: 63512_CR62
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05199-0
– ident: 63512_CR83
  doi: 10.1242/dev.127613
– volume: 10
  start-page: adi7965
  year: 2024
  ident: 63512_CR25
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7965
– volume: 3
  start-page: 12
  year: 2012
  ident: 63512_CR51
  publication-title: Front. Plant. Sci.
  doi: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00012
– volume: 72
  start-page: 118
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR91
  publication-title: Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.09.006
– volume: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR28
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12979-9
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2749
  year: 2012
  ident: 63512_CR17
  publication-title: J. R. Soc. Interface
  doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0341
– volume: 9
  start-page: 100099
  year: 2023
  ident: 63512_CR52
  publication-title: Cell Surf.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100099
– volume: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: 63512_CR87
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18449-x
– volume: 25
  start-page: 151
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR5
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.018
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1375
  year: 2023
  ident: 63512_CR20
  publication-title: Structure
  doi: 10.1016/j.str.2023.07.012
– volume: 62
  start-page: 131
  year: 2016
  ident: 63512_CR85
  publication-title: J. Wood Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s10086-016-1536-9
– volume: 233
  start-page: 1097
  year: 2011
  ident: 63512_CR65
  publication-title: Planta
  doi: 10.1007/s00425-011-1359-2
– volume: 44
  start-page: 337
  year: 2010
  ident: 63512_CR10
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Genet.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163508
– volume: 54
  start-page: 2335
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR81
  publication-title: Biochemistry
  doi: 10.1021/bi501552k
– volume: 44
  start-page: 74
  year: 2016
  ident: 63512_CR76
  publication-title: Biochem. Soc. Trans.
  doi: 10.1042/BST20150183
– volume: 3
  year: 2003
  ident: 63512_CR82
  publication-title: BMC Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-3-2
– volume: 26
  start-page: 6303
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR41
  publication-title: Cellulose
  doi: 10.1007/s10570-019-02511-z
– volume: 16
  start-page: 544
  year: 2004
  ident: 63512_CR30
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1105/tpc.017509
– volume: 6
  start-page: 763
  year: 2005
  ident: 63512_CR56
  publication-title: Biomacromolecules
  doi: 10.1021/bm049390y
– volume: 95
  start-page: 6619
  year: 1998
  ident: 63512_CR33
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6619
– volume: 57
  start-page: 859
  year: 2001
  ident: 63512_CR49
  publication-title: Phytochemistry
  doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00049-8
– volume: 60
  start-page: 156
  year: 2006
  ident: 63512_CR64
  publication-title: Holzforschung
  doi: 10.1515/HF.2006.025
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1573
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR67
  publication-title: Green Chem.
  doi: 10.1039/C8GC03606C
– volume: 48
  start-page: 286
  year: 1982
  ident: 63512_CR88
  publication-title: J. Magn. Reson.
– volume: 517
  start-page: 571
  year: 2014
  ident: 63512_CR12
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature14099
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1373
  year: 2013
  ident: 63512_CR50
  publication-title: Mol. Plant
  doi: 10.1093/mp/sst014
– volume: 50
  start-page: 6008
  year: 2002
  ident: 63512_CR69
  publication-title: J. Agric. Food Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/jf0205312
– volume: 56
  start-page: 195
  year: 2015
  ident: 63512_CR11
  publication-title: Plant Cell Physiol.
  doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu140
– volume: 11
  start-page: 266
  year: 2008
  ident: 63512_CR48
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.006
– volume: 11
  start-page: 278
  year: 2008
  ident: 63512_CR6
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.005
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1344
  year: 2019
  ident: 63512_CR34
  publication-title: Plant Cell
  doi: 10.1105/tpc.18.00778
– ident: 63512_CR8
  doi: 10.1186/s13068-017-0973-z
SSID ssj0000391844
Score 2.4827251
Snippet Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical association...
Lignification waterproofs and strengthens the secondary plant cell wall, while increasing the energy cost associated with releasing sugars for biofuel...
Abstract Lignification waterproofs and strengthens secondary plant cell walls but increases the energy cost of sugar release for biofuels. The physical...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
osti
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 8010
SubjectTerms 101/6
140/131
631/449/448/1365
631/535/878/1264
639/638/45/72/1205
Alternative energy sources
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - growth & development
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Biofuels
Biosynthesis
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates - chemistry
Carbon
Cell Wall - metabolism
Cell walls
Cellulose
Energy costs
Enzymes
Humanities and Social Sciences
Lignin
Lignin - chemistry
Lignin - metabolism
Lignocellulose
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
Mechanical properties
multidisciplinary
Mutants
Mutation
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Pectin
Pectins - metabolism
Plant Stems - growth & development
Plant Stems - metabolism
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Solid state
Spectrum analysis
Stems
Xylan
Xylans - metabolism
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NaxQxFA9SELyI1q_pFxG86dCZJDNJjiotRWgPYqG3kE93oM6U3a2w_vW-l5ldu1bx4mkgySF5H3m_N8n7hZA3vJXBKshOmPW8FDaGUinwR-ZiFZlDxnOsRj6_aM8uxaer5urOU194J2ykBx4Fd-yZDQqiEMRmKZyTVlguYpCws0oIRgl330pXd5KpvAdzDamLmKpkKq6OFyLvCfh6K8RYvI-wFYkyYT98BnCsP4HN-3cmfzs4zfHo9Al5PAFJ-n5cwFPyIPa75OH4tOTqGZmdTHWVkQ6JXndf-64vvZ27YbYKSA9BkShiPpY1LOhYrUhvrkHQFLmd6Tdk_Mxqo9-7BZZe_oiBuhUFY-1CmQuR6MX55-fk8vTky8ezcnpVofSCt5ArWtUIxnxikKlAeLKSCxZdqn3yrYqpqjzoiNkGufkCitkmIZHnTEgdtOAvyE4_9PEVoRVgBV2F0DqvhYtJNSlJV9da6Mi8TgV5u5awuRnJM0w-9ObKjPowoA-T9WGqgnxAJWxGIvF1bgBzMJM5mH-ZQ0H2UYUG8AOS4Hq8LeSXhjVKAnQsyMFas2by1YWBdkRVDW8K8nrTDV6GRye2j8NtHtMCtIVkrSAvR0PYzFNAVoi4riBqy0S2FrLd03ezzOQNsEHXopYFebe2pl_z-ruk9v6HpPbJI-zD_-NMHpCd5fw2HgLAWrqj7Es_AXECH6Q
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Springer Nature HAS Fully OA
  dbid: AAJSJ
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3da9RAEB_qFcEX8du0VVbwTYPJZpPdPJ7SUg7aB7XQt2W_0juoSbm7Cte_3plNcnJaH3wKJBuymY_Mb7IzvwV4X1TSG4XZCTeuSIUJPlUK_ZHbkAVuifGcupHPzqvTCzG7LC_3gI-9MLFoP1Jaxs_0WB32aSWiS9PmqxgiqZzgAewriZ_fCexPp7Nvs-2fFeI8V0IMHTJZoe65eScKRbJ-PHToVPcBzb_rJf9YNI2x6OQJPB5AJJv2034Ke6F9Bg_7bSU3z2F-PPRUBtY17Hpx1S7a1Jml7eYbT9QQjEgiln1Lw4r1nYrs5hqFzIjXmf0g0USVsZ-LFbVd3gXP7IahoS58GpuQ2PnZ1xdwcXL8_ctpOuyokDpRVJgnGlUKzl3DMUvB0GRkIXiwTe4aV6nQZJlD_XBTEi-fx-AlTSMkcZwJWftaFC9h0nZteA0sQ5xQZ95X1tXChkaVTSNtnteiDtzVTQIfRgnrm544Q8cF70LpXh8a9aGjPnSWwGdSwnYkkV7HE93ySg9GoB03XiEgwfuksFYaYQoRvKR5Ii7BRx6SCjViByLAdVQp5Naal2gnXCRwNGpWD3660nieEFVZlAm8215GD6NlE9OG7jaOqRDWYqKWwKveELbzFJgREqZLQO2YyM6L7F5pF_PI4o2Qoc5FLhP4OFrT73n9W1IH_zf8EB6RvOgvOJdHMFkvb8MbhFFr-3bwm19d5hb9
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
Title Emergence of lignin-carbohydrate interactions during plant stem maturation visualized by solid-state NMR
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-025-63512-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40866439
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244155535
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3246405642
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2587324
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12391417
https://doaj.org/article/c2ad881202574bb7a4a34ed78017406f
Volume 16
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3da9swEBdry2AvY9_12gUN9raZ2rJsyU8jDclKoGF0K-RN6MtNoLOzJB1kf_3uZCcl-3oy2A6RdXe63510vyPkXVYIpyVEJ0zbLObau1hKsEdmfOKZQcZzrEa-nBQX13w8zaddwm3VHavcrolhoXaNxRz5GTh-9H15ln9cfI-xaxTurnYtNA7IUcrA12Kl-OjTLseC7OeS865WJsnk2YqHlQF7uIKnxVMJe_4o0PbDpQHz-hvk_PPk5G_bp8ErjZ6Qxx2cpP1W_k_JA18_Iw_bBpOb52Q27KorPW0qeju_qed1bPXSNLONQ5IIinQRy7a4YUXbmkW6uIXppsjwTL8h72cQHv0xX2EB5k_vqNlQUNm5i0M5Ep1cXr0g16Ph18FF3PVWiC3PCogYtcw5Y7ZiEK-Ak9Ii48ybKrWVLaSvksSCpJjOkaHPgRsTuuIC2c64KF3Js5fksG5qf0xoAoihTJwrjC258ZXMq0qYNC156Zktq4i8386wWrQUGipsfWdStfJQIA8V5KGSiJyjEHZvIv11uNEsb1RnTcoy7SRAE_id4MYIzXXGvRM4TkAo8JcnKEIFKAKpcC2eGbJrxXIpQI8icrqVrOosdqXu9Ssib3ePwdZwA0XXvrkL7xQAcCFki8irVhF24-QQGyK6i4jcU5G9D9l_Us9ngc8bwEOZ8lRE5MNWm-7H9e-Zev3_zzghj3B-MP_NxCk5XC_v_BsAUGvTIwdiKnrBVnrkqN8ffxnD9Xw4-XwFdwfFoBdSE78ACmEdtg
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLZGJwQviDvZBhgJniBa6jix8zAhBp06tlZo2qS9eY7trJVG0rUdqPw4fhvnOEmncnvbU6UmaR2f23dsn-8Q8jpOhdUSshOmTRxy7WwoJdgjy13kWI6M51iNPBim_RP--TQ5XSM_21oYPFbZ-kTvqG1lcI18GwI_xr4kTt5PLkPsGoW7q20LDd20VrA7nmKsKew4cIvvkMLNdvY_gbzfMLbXO_7YD5suA6HhcQq5k5YJZ8wUDJA7uGstYs5cXnRNYVLpiigyMGamE-Sqs-DQhS64QN4vLjKb8Rh-9xZZ57iA0iHru73hl6PlKg_yr0vOm2qdKJbbM-59E3aRhViP5yJWIqJvHAAfFRj430Dvn2c3f9vA9XFx7z651wBa-qHWwAdkzZUPye26xeXiERn1mvpOR6uCXozPy3EZGj3Nq9HCIk0FRcKKaV1eMaN11SSdXIDAKXJM06_IPOrVh34bz7AE9IezNF9QMJqxDX1BFB0Ojh6TkxuZ9yekU1ale0ZoBJgli6xNc5Px3BUyKQqRd7sZzxwzWRGQt-0Mq0lN4qH85nssVS0PBfJQXh4qCsguCmF5JxJw-y-q6blq7FkZpq0EcATPCZ7nQnMdc2cFjhMwEvzlJopQAY5BMl6Dp5bMXLFECtDkgGy1klWNz5ipaw0PyKvlZbB23MLRpauu_D0pQGxIGgPytFaE5Tg5ZKeILwMiV1Rk5UVWr5TjkWcUB_iSdXlXBORdq03X4_r3TG38_zVekjv948GhOtwfHmySuzhXuBrPxBbpzKdX7jnAuXn-orEZSs5u2kx_AX41WIw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLbGJhAviDthA4wETxA1cZzYeZgQY602xqppYtLePMd21kojKW0HKj-RX8U5TtKp3N72VKlJWsfn9h3b5zuEvEoyYbWE7IRpk4RcOxtKCfbIChc5ViDjOVYjHw6zvRP-8TQ9XSM_u1oYPFbZ-UTvqG1tcI28B4EfY1-apL2yPRZxtDt4N_kaYgcp3Gnt2mnots2C3fZ0Y22Rx4FbfId0bra9vwuyf83YoP_5w17YdhwIDU8yyKO0TDljpmSA4sF1a5Fw5ooyNqXJpCujyMD4mU6Rt86Ccxe65AI5wLjIbc4T-N0bZENA1IdEcGOnPzw6Xq74IBe75Lyt3IkS2Ztx76ewoyzEfTwjsRIdfRMB-KjB2P8GgP88x_nbZq6PkYO75E4Lbun7RhvvkTVX3Sc3m3aXiwdk1G9rPR2tS3oxPq_GVWj0tKhHC4uUFRTJK6ZNqcWMNhWUdHIBwqfIN02_IAupVyX6bTzDctAfztJiQcGAxjb0xVF0eHj8kJxcy7w_IutVXbknhEaAX_LI2qwwOS9cKdOyFEUc5zx3zORlQN50M6wmDaGH8hvxiVSNPBTIQ3l5qCggOyiE5Z1Ixu2_qKfnqrVtZZi2EoASPCd4UQjNdcKdFThOwEvwl5soQgWYBol5DZ5gMnPFUilAqwOy1UlWtf5jpq60PSAvl5fB8nE7R1euvvT3ZAC3IYEMyONGEZbj5JCpItYMiFxRkZUXWb1SjUeeXRygTB7zWATkbadNV-P690w9_f9rvCC3wFzVp_3hwSa5jVOFC_NMbJH1-fTSPQNkNy-etyZDydl1W-kvAcZc0A
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+lignin-carbohydrate+interactions+during+plant+stem+maturation+visualized+by+solid-state+NMR&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.au=Xiao%2C+Peng&rft.au=Pfaff%2C+Sarah+A&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Wancheng&rft.au=Debnath%2C+Debkumar&rft.date=2025-08-27&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.eissn=2041-1723&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41467-025-63512-0&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon