Human sporotrichosis beyond the epidemic front reveals classical transmission types in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Summary Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species includes Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. luriei. In Brazil, the main aspect of this epidemic is based on th...

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Published inMycoses Vol. 58; no. 8; pp. 485 - 490
Main Authors de Araujo, Mariceli L., Rodrigues, Anderson M., Fernandes, Geisa F., de Camargo, Zoilo P., de Hoog, G. Sybren
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2015
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0933-7407
1439-0507
DOI10.1111/myc.12346

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Abstract Summary Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species includes Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. luriei. In Brazil, the main aspect of this epidemic is based on the zoonotic transmission through the scratches and bites of diseased cats contaminated with S. brasiliensis. Areas free of feline sporotrichosis are poorly characterised in Brazil. We investigated by molecular tools the epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in the Espírito Santo (ES) state, an area adjacent to Rio de Janeiro where is the epicentre of the long‐lasting outbreak of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis. The human cases in the ES state reveal the prevalence of classical transmission types where subjects are mainly infected by accidental traumatic inoculation during manipulation of contaminated plant material. In agreement with an environmental source, Sporothrix schenckii was the major aetiological agent in the classical transmission. Unlike Rio de Janeiro, this study shows that cat‐transmitted epidemic in Espírito Santo is still scanty, although the geographic proximity and similar climatic features. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the agent in the feline‐transmitted cases. Sporothrix globosa was isolated from a patient with fixed cutaneous lesions that did not report any contact with diseased animals. In conclusion, beyond the borders of Rio de Janeiro epidemic, agents of sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo show a scattered occurrence with high species diversity.
AbstractList Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species includes Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. luriei. In Brazil, the main aspect of this epidemic is based on the zoonotic transmission through the scratches and bites of diseased cats contaminated with S. brasiliensis. Areas free of feline sporotrichosis are poorly characterised in Brazil. We investigated by molecular tools the epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in the Espírito Santo (ES) state, an area adjacent to Rio de Janeiro where is the epicentre of the long-lasting outbreak of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. The human cases in the ES state reveal the prevalence of classical transmission types where subjects are mainly infected by accidental traumatic inoculation during manipulation of contaminated plant material. In agreement with an environmental source, Sporothrix schenckii was the major aetiological agent in the classical transmission. Unlike Rio de Janeiro, this study shows that cat-transmitted epidemic in Espírito Santo is still scanty, although the geographic proximity and similar climatic features. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the agent in the feline-transmitted cases. Sporothrix globosa was isolated from a patient with fixed cutaneous lesions that did not report any contact with diseased animals. In conclusion, beyond the borders of Rio de Janeiro epidemic, agents of sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo show a scattered occurrence with high species diversity.
Summary Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species includes Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. luriei. In Brazil, the main aspect of this epidemic is based on the zoonotic transmission through the scratches and bites of diseased cats contaminated with S. brasiliensis. Areas free of feline sporotrichosis are poorly characterised in Brazil. We investigated by molecular tools the epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in the Espírito Santo (ES) state, an area adjacent to Rio de Janeiro where is the epicentre of the long‐lasting outbreak of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis. The human cases in the ES state reveal the prevalence of classical transmission types where subjects are mainly infected by accidental traumatic inoculation during manipulation of contaminated plant material. In agreement with an environmental source, Sporothrix schenckii was the major aetiological agent in the classical transmission. Unlike Rio de Janeiro, this study shows that cat‐transmitted epidemic in Espírito Santo is still scanty, although the geographic proximity and similar climatic features. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the agent in the feline‐transmitted cases. Sporothrix globosa was isolated from a patient with fixed cutaneous lesions that did not report any contact with diseased animals. In conclusion, beyond the borders of Rio de Janeiro epidemic, agents of sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo show a scattered occurrence with high species diversity.
Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species includes Sporothrix brasiliensis , S. schenckii , S. globosa and S. luriei . In Brazil, the main aspect of this epidemic is based on the zoonotic transmission through the scratches and bites of diseased cats contaminated with S. brasiliensis . Areas free of feline sporotrichosis are poorly characterised in Brazil. We investigated by molecular tools the epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in the Espírito Santo ( ES ) state, an area adjacent to Rio de Janeiro where is the epicentre of the long‐lasting outbreak of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis. The human cases in the ES state reveal the prevalence of classical transmission types where subjects are mainly infected by accidental traumatic inoculation during manipulation of contaminated plant material. In agreement with an environmental source, Sporothrix schenckii was the major aetiological agent in the classical transmission. Unlike Rio de Janeiro, this study shows that cat‐transmitted epidemic in Espírito Santo is still scanty, although the geographic proximity and similar climatic features. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the agent in the feline‐transmitted cases. Sporothrix globosa was isolated from a patient with fixed cutaneous lesions that did not report any contact with diseased animals. In conclusion, beyond the borders of Rio de Janeiro epidemic, agents of sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo show a scattered occurrence with high species diversity.
Author de Camargo, Zoilo P.
Fernandes, Geisa F.
de Hoog, G. Sybren
de Araujo, Mariceli L.
Rodrigues, Anderson M.
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  email: : Dr Mariceli L. de Araujo, Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruıpe 29040-093 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.Tel.: +55 27 33357498., mariceliaraujo@yahoo.com
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  surname: de Hoog
  fullname: de Hoog, G. Sybren
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Issue 8
Keywords Sporothrix schenckii
sympatric evolution
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporotrichosis
epidemics
Language English
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2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Coles FB, Schuchat A, Hibbs JR et al. A multistate outbreak of sporotrichosis associated with Sphagnum moss. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 136: 475-87.
Zhang Y, Hagen F, Stielow B et al. Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14,000 human and animal case reports. Persoonia 2015; 35: 1-20.
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Felsenstein J. Evolution confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985; 39: 783-91.
Aung AK, Teh BM, McGrath C, Thompson PJ. Pulmonary sporotrichosis: case series and systematic analysis of literature on clinico-radiological patterns and management outcomes. Med Mycol 2013; 51: 534-44.
Rodrigues AM, Bagagli E, de Camargo ZP, Bosco SMG. Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow. Mycopathologia 2014; 177: 199-206.
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2015; 35
2015; 15
2015; 58
2013; 4
2013; 2
2013; 108
1999; 29
2006; 55
2010; 169
2010; 102
2013; 7
2014; 177
2008; 100
2003; 95
2007; 13
2014; 66
2012; 51
2012; 173
1980; 16
2004; 96
1985; 39
2014; 3
2010; 24
2015; 115
2004; 38
2013; 51
1992; 136
2013; 30
2015; 2015
2014; 14
2008; 46
2015
2008; 136
2012; 6
2014; 9
2011; 28
2009; 3
2014; 8
2007; 45
2012; 86
2009; 15
2014; 10
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Snippet Summary Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major...
Sporotrichosis has emerged as the main subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals around the world. With particular differences in frequency, the major species...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Brazil - epidemiology
Cat Diseases - transmission
Cats
Disease Outbreaks
Epidemics
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sporothrix - classification
Sporothrix - genetics
Sporothrix - isolation & purification
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis - epidemiology
Sporotrichosis - microbiology
Sporotrichosis - transmission
Sporotrichosis - veterinary
sympatric evolution
Sympatry
Zoonoses
Title Human sporotrichosis beyond the epidemic front reveals classical transmission types in Espírito Santo, Brazil
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J00KTV86-9/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fmyc.12346
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26156862
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1698963026
Volume 58
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