Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait: a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about...
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Published in | Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 852 - 867 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Heidelberg
Springer-Verlag
01.09.2012
SP Science Press Springer Nature B.V |
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0254-4059 2096-5508 1993-5005 2523-3521 |
DOI | 10.1007/s00343-012-1289-2 |
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Abstract | A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. |
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AbstractList | A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M
2
, S
2
, K
1
, and O
1
) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=10
9
W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M sub(2), S sub(2), K sub(1), and O sub(1)) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=10 super(9) W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109 W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. |
Author | Li, Mingjie Hu, Po Hou, Yijun Li, Yuanlong |
AuthorAffiliation | Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCA W), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bering 100049, China |
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Notes | A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter. 37-1150/P internal tide; energetics; temporal variability; Luzon Strait (LS); MITgcm http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-012-1289-2 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
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Snippet | A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the... A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the... A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M 2 , S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 ) is used to investigate the... A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M sub(2), S sub(2), K sub(1), and O sub(1)) is used to... |
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StartPage | 852 |
SubjectTerms | Baroclinic flow Barotropic mode Barotropic tides Convection Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Energy energy flow Energy transfer Internal tides Internal waves islands Marine Mathematical models Neap tides Numerical analysis Ocean currents Oceanography Pacific Ocean Physics Seasonal variation Seasonal variations Solitary waves South China Sea Spring Spring (season) Straits summer Temporal variations Three dimensional models Tidal constituents Tidal dynamics Tidal energy Tidal power Tidal waves Tides Topography winter 内潮 吕宋海峡 完全非线性 数值模拟 时间 潮汐能 能量通量 非静力 |
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Title | Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait: a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation |
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