Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait: a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation

A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about...

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Published inChinese journal of oceanology and limnology Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 852 - 867
Main Author 李明杰 侯一筠 李元龙 胡珀
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.09.2012
SP Science Press
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0254-4059
2096-5508
1993-5005
2523-3521
DOI10.1007/s00343-012-1289-2

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Abstract A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
AbstractList A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M 2 , S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 ) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=10 9 W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M sub(2), S sub(2), K sub(1), and O sub(1)) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=10 super(9) W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109 W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
Author Li, Mingjie
Hu, Po
Hou, Yijun
Li, Yuanlong
AuthorAffiliation Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCA W), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bering 100049, China
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DocumentTitleAlternate Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait: a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation
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Keywords internal tide
temporal variability
MITgcm
Luzon Strait (LS)
energetics
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Notes A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics and energetics of internal tides in Luzon Strait (LS). The model results show that, during spring (neap) tides, about 64 (47) GW (1 GW=109W) of barotropic tidal energy is consumed in LS, of which 59.0% (50.5%) is converted to baroclinic tides. About 22 (11) GW of the derived baroclinic energy flux subsequently passes from LS, among which 50.9% (54.3%) flows westward into the South China Sea (SCS) and 45.0% (39.7%) eastward into the Pacific Ocean, and the remaining 16 (13) GW is lost locally owing to dissipation and convection. It is revealed that generation areas of internal tides vary with the spring and neap tide, indicating different source areas for internal solitary waves in the northern SCS. The region around the Batan Islands is the most important generation region of internal tides during both spring and neap tides. In addition, the baroclinic tidal energy has pronounced seasonal variability. Both the total energy transferred from barotropic tides to baroclinic tides and the baroclinic energy flux flowing out of LS are the highest in summer and lowest in winter.
37-1150/P
internal tide; energetics; temporal variability; Luzon Strait (LS); MITgcm
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PublicationTitle Chinese journal of oceanology and limnology
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Snippet A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the...
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used to investigate the...
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M 2 , S 2 , K 1 , and O 1 ) is used to investigate the...
A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model driven by four principal tidal constituents (M sub(2), S sub(2), K sub(1), and O sub(1)) is used to...
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SubjectTerms Baroclinic flow
Barotropic mode
Barotropic tides
Convection
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Energy
energy flow
Energy transfer
Internal tides
Internal waves
islands
Marine
Mathematical models
Neap tides
Numerical analysis
Ocean currents
Oceanography
Pacific Ocean
Physics
Seasonal variation
Seasonal variations
Solitary waves
South China Sea
Spring
Spring (season)
Straits
summer
Temporal variations
Three dimensional models
Tidal constituents
Tidal dynamics
Tidal energy
Tidal power
Tidal waves
Tides
Topography
winter
内潮
吕宋海峡
完全非线性
数值模拟
时间
潮汐能
能量通量
非静力
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Title Energetics and temporal variability of internal tides in Luzon Strait: a nonhydrostatic numerical simulation
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