Intracranial arachnoid cysts and epilepsy in children: Should this be treated surgically? Our 29-year experience and review of the literature

Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment. The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Sect...

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Published inNeurocirugía (Asturias, Spain) Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 157 - 164
Main Authors Orduna Martínez, Javier, López Pisón, Javier, Curto Simón, Beatriz, García-Iñiguez, Juan Pablo, Samper Villagrasa, Pilar, Lafuente Hidalgo, Miguel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.07.2022
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ISSN1130-1473
DOI10.1016/j.neucir.2021.03.003

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Abstract Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment. The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Section from May 1990 to August 2019 are analyzed retrospectively. Patients in whom the diagnosis of ACs and epilepsy coincide are studied. The location, size and number of ACs, neurological development, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, the performance of surgery on the cyst, evolution, anatomical relationship between brain electrical activity and location of AC, and type of epilepsy are analyzed. After analyzing the database, we found 1881 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, of which 25 had at least one intracranial AC. In 9 of the patients, cerebral or genetic pathologies were the cause of epilepsy. Of the other 16, only 2 patients showed that the type of epilepsy and the epileptogenic focus coincided with the location of the AC; one of them was surgically treated without success, and the other one remained asymptomatic without receiving medical or surgical treatment. Although it is necessary to design a prospective study to establish causality, the results of our research and the available literature suggest that there is no causal relationship between the presence of ACs and epilepsy. The study and treatment of these patients should be carried out in a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery unit, without initially assuming that the AC is the cause of epilepsy. Los quistes aracnoideos (QAs) son lesiones relativamente comunes relacionados con diferentes síntomas neurológicos, siendo diagnosticados de forma incidental en su mayoría. Este estudio tiene como objetivo aclarar si la cirugía sobre el QA en pacientes epilépticos es útil en su tratamiento. Se analizan retrospectivamente los pacientes registrados en la base de datos de la Sección de Neuropediatría desde mayo de 1990 a agosto de 2019. Se estudian los pacientes en los que coincide el diagnóstico de QA y epilepsia. Se analiza la localización, tamaño y número de los QA, el desarrollo neurológico, edad al diagnóstico, tiempo de seguimiento, realización de cirugía sobre el QA, evolución, relación anatómica entre la actividad eléctrica cerebral y la localización del QA, así como el tipo de epilepsia. Tras el análisis de la base de datos encontramos 1.881 pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia, entre ellos 25 con al menos un QA intracraneal. En nueve de los pacientes la patología cerebral o genética por sí misma era causa de epilepsia. De los otros 16, únicamente en dos casos se evidenció que el tipo de epilepsia y el foco epileptogénico coincidían con la localización del QA; uno de ellos fue tratado quirúrgicamente sin éxito y el otro permaneció asintomático sin recibir tratamiento médico ni quirúrgico. Aunque es necesario diseñar un estudio prospectivo para establecer causalidad, los resultados de nuestro trabajo y la literatura disponible sugieren que no hay relación causal entre la presencia de QAs y epilepsia. El estudio y tratamiento de estos pacientes debería ser completado en una unidad multidisciplinar de cirugía de la epilepsia, sin asumir de inicio que el QA es la causa de la epilepsia.
AbstractList Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment. The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Section from May 1990 to August 2019 are analyzed retrospectively. Patients in whom the diagnosis of ACs and epilepsy coincide are studied. The location, size and number of ACs, neurological development, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, the performance of surgery on the cyst, evolution, anatomical relationship between brain electrical activity and location of AC, and type of epilepsy are analyzed. After analyzing the database, we found 1881 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, of which 25 had at least one intracranial AC. In 9 of the patients, cerebral or genetic pathologies were the cause of epilepsy. Of the other 16, only 2 patients showed that the type of epilepsy and the epileptogenic focus coincided with the location of the AC; one of them was surgically treated without success, and the other one remained asymptomatic without receiving medical or surgical treatment. Although it is necessary to design a prospective study to establish causality, the results of our research and the available literature suggest that there is no causal relationship between the presence of ACs and epilepsy. The study and treatment of these patients should be carried out in a multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery unit, without initially assuming that the AC is the cause of epilepsy. Los quistes aracnoideos (QAs) son lesiones relativamente comunes relacionados con diferentes síntomas neurológicos, siendo diagnosticados de forma incidental en su mayoría. Este estudio tiene como objetivo aclarar si la cirugía sobre el QA en pacientes epilépticos es útil en su tratamiento. Se analizan retrospectivamente los pacientes registrados en la base de datos de la Sección de Neuropediatría desde mayo de 1990 a agosto de 2019. Se estudian los pacientes en los que coincide el diagnóstico de QA y epilepsia. Se analiza la localización, tamaño y número de los QA, el desarrollo neurológico, edad al diagnóstico, tiempo de seguimiento, realización de cirugía sobre el QA, evolución, relación anatómica entre la actividad eléctrica cerebral y la localización del QA, así como el tipo de epilepsia. Tras el análisis de la base de datos encontramos 1.881 pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia, entre ellos 25 con al menos un QA intracraneal. En nueve de los pacientes la patología cerebral o genética por sí misma era causa de epilepsia. De los otros 16, únicamente en dos casos se evidenció que el tipo de epilepsia y el foco epileptogénico coincidían con la localización del QA; uno de ellos fue tratado quirúrgicamente sin éxito y el otro permaneció asintomático sin recibir tratamiento médico ni quirúrgico. Aunque es necesario diseñar un estudio prospectivo para establecer causalidad, los resultados de nuestro trabajo y la literatura disponible sugieren que no hay relación causal entre la presencia de QAs y epilepsia. El estudio y tratamiento de estos pacientes debería ser completado en una unidad multidisciplinar de cirugía de la epilepsia, sin asumir de inicio que el QA es la causa de la epilepsia.
Author Orduna Martínez, Javier
López Pisón, Javier
Curto Simón, Beatriz
Samper Villagrasa, Pilar
Lafuente Hidalgo, Miguel
García-Iñiguez, Juan Pablo
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Issue 4
Keywords Fenestration
Fenestración
Desarrollo neurológico
Cirugía de la epilepsia
Epileptogenic focus
Arachnoid cyst
Neurodevelopment
Foco epileptogénico
Neurosurgery
Convulsiones
Seizures
Quistes aracnoideos
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Snippet Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to...
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SubjectTerms Arachnoid cyst
Cirugía de la epilepsia
Convulsiones
Desarrollo neurológico
Epileptogenic focus
Fenestración
Fenestration
Foco epileptogénico
Neurodevelopment
Neurosurgery
Quistes aracnoideos
Seizures
Title Intracranial arachnoid cysts and epilepsy in children: Should this be treated surgically? Our 29-year experience and review of the literature
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2021.03.003
Volume 33
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