Microfluidic Biosensor Based on Microwave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Cavity Resonator
A microfluidic biosensor is proposed using a microwave substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator. The main objectives of this noninvasive biosensor are to detect and analyze biomaterial using tiny liquid volumes (3 μL). The sensing mechanism of our proposed biosensor relies on the dielec...
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          | Published in | Journal of sensors Vol. 2018; no. 2018; pp. 1 - 13 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | English | 
| Published | 
        Cairo, Egypt
          Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    
        01.01.2018
     Hindawi John Wiley & Sons, Inc  | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 1687-725X 1687-7268 1687-7268  | 
| DOI | 10.1155/2018/1324145 | 
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| Abstract | A microfluidic biosensor is proposed using a microwave substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator. The main objectives of this noninvasive biosensor are to detect and analyze biomaterial using tiny liquid volumes (3 μL). The sensing mechanism of our proposed biosensor relies on the dielectric perturbation phenomenon of biomaterial under test, which causes a change in resonance frequency and return loss (amplitude). First, an SIW cavity is realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. Then, a microwell made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material is loaded on the SIW cavity to observe the perturbation phenomenon. The microwell is filled with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (reference biological medium). To demonstrate the sensing behavior, the fibroblast (FB) cells from the lungs of a human male subject are analyzed and one-port S-parameters are measured. The resonance frequency of the structure with FB cells is observed to be 13.48 GHz. The reproducibility and repeatability of our proposed biosensor are successfully demonstrated through full-wave simulations and measurements. The resonance frequency of the FB-loaded microwell showed a shift of 170 MHz and 20 MHz, when compared to those of empty and PBS-loaded microwells. Its analytical limit of detection is 213 cells/μL. Our proposed biosensor is noncontact and reliable. Furthermore, it is miniaturized, inexpensive, and fabricated using simple- and easy-design processes. | 
    
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| AbstractList | A microfluidic biosensor is proposed using a microwave substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator. The main objectives of this noninvasive biosensor are to detect and analyze biomaterial using tiny liquid volumes (3 μL). The sensing mechanism of our proposed biosensor relies on the dielectric perturbation phenomenon of biomaterial under test, which causes a change in resonance frequency and return loss (amplitude). First, an SIW cavity is realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. Then, a microwell made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material is loaded on the SIW cavity to observe the perturbation phenomenon. The microwell is filled with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (reference biological medium). To demonstrate the sensing behavior, the fibroblast (FB) cells from the lungs of a human male subject are analyzed and one-port S-parameters are measured. The resonance frequency of the structure with FB cells is observed to be 13.48 GHz. The reproducibility and repeatability of our proposed biosensor are successfully demonstrated through full-wave simulations and measurements. The resonance frequency of the FB-loaded microwell showed a shift of 170 MHz and 20 MHz, when compared to those of empty and PBS-loaded microwells. Its analytical limit of detection is 213 cells/μL. Our proposed biosensor is noncontact and reliable. Furthermore, it is miniaturized, inexpensive, and fabricated using simple- and easy-design processes. A microfluidic biosensor is proposed using a microwave substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator. The main objectives of this noninvasive biosensor are to detect and analyze biomaterial using tiny liquid volumes (3 μ L). The sensing mechanism of our proposed biosensor relies on the dielectric perturbation phenomenon of biomaterial under test, which causes a change in resonance frequency and return loss (amplitude). First, an SIW cavity is realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. Then, a microwell made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material is loaded on the SIW cavity to observe the perturbation phenomenon. The microwell is filled with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution (reference biological medium). To demonstrate the sensing behavior, the fibroblast (FB) cells from the lungs of a human male subject are analyzed and one-port S-parameters are measured. The resonance frequency of the structure with FB cells is observed to be 13.48 GHz. The reproducibility and repeatability of our proposed biosensor are successfully demonstrated through full-wave simulations and measurements. The resonance frequency of the FB-loaded microwell showed a shift of 170 MHz and 20 MHz, when compared to those of empty and PBS-loaded microwells. Its analytical limit of detection is 213 cells/ μ L. Our proposed biosensor is noncontact and reliable. Furthermore, it is miniaturized, inexpensive, and fabricated using simple- and easy-design processes.  | 
    
| Author | Salim, Ahmed Park, Joong Yull Kim, Sung-Hwan Lim, Sungjoon  | 
    
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Lim, Sungjoon – sequence: 2 fullname: Park, Joong Yull – sequence: 3 fullname: Kim, Sung-Hwan – sequence: 4 fullname: Salim, Ahmed  | 
    
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TAP.2009.2016073 10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.5.L998 10.1109/MMM.2015.2393997 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2226052 10.3390/s16111829 10.1016/j.addr.2004.03.002 10.1128/JCM.33.7.1948-1949.1995 10.1109/TIM.2010.2047141 10.1063/1.3653959 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2034226 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.235 10.1002/9781119011804 10.1109/MMM.2015.2394024 10.1007/s10544-008-9216-1 10.1109/TGRS.2004.831888 10.1016/j.sna.2015.04.002 10.1063/1.3459877 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2599099 10.5515/JKIEES.2015.15.4.250 10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.021 10.3390/s151128563 10.1039/C6LC00661B 10.1049/iet-map.2010.0463 10.3390/s16111802 10.1016/j.sna.2014.04.006 10.1016/j.snb.2012.01.044 10.5515/JKIEES.2015.15.3.158 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.025 10.3390/s120302742 10.3390/s16101733 10.3390/s8031400 10.1063/1.3442512 10.1038/nature05058 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2003523 10.1002/9781118354162 10.1109/TAP.2016.2559581 10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).82 10.3390/s150101623  | 
    
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2018 Ahmed Salim et al. Copyright © 2018 Ahmed Salim et al.; This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  | 
    
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| SubjectTerms | Applied physics Biosensors Cavity resonators Cell cycle Engineering schools Fibroblasts Glucose Hepatitis Human behavior Influenza Lungs Polydimethylsiloxane Reproducibility Sensors Silicone resins Spectrum analysis Substrate integrated waveguides Substrates Testing laboratories  | 
    
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| Title | Microfluidic Biosensor Based on Microwave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Cavity Resonator | 
    
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