In vivo Observation of Papillae of the Human Tongue Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21–67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination o...
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| Published in | O.R.L. Journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 207 - 212 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel, Switzerland
Karger
01.01.2005
S. Karger AG |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0301-1569 1423-0275 |
| DOI | 10.1159/000087320 |
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| Abstract | The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21–67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 µm, cellular structures up to 150 µm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 µm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures. |
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| AbstractList | The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21–67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 µm, cellular structures up to 150 µm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 µm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures. The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21-67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 μm, cellular structures up to 150 μm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 μm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21-67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 microm, cellular structures up to 150 microm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 microm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures. The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21-67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 microm, cellular structures up to 150 microm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 microm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures.The aim of this investigation was to visualize the epithelial structures of the tongue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The human tongue epithelium of 28 healthy subjects, aged 21-67 years, mean age 38 years, 14 women and 14 men, was examined in vivo by LSM. Using LSM, a combination of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRT II and the Rostock Cornea Module, up to 800-fold magnifications were obtained. On the tongue surface both filiform and fungiform papillae and their taste pores were easily identified. The epithelium of the tongue with its subcellular structures could be observed up to a depth of 50 microm, cellular structures up to 150 microm and subepithelial vessels up to 300 microm. Additionally the papillary crests and blood flow were visible. Confocal LSM seems suitable for noninvasive in vivo examination of the tongue. The hydraulic z scan, the manual start setting and the measurement of the depth allow a clear classification of the observed structures. |
| Author | Pau, Hans Wilhelm Stave, Joachim Guthoff, Rudolf Just, Tino |
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| Keywords | Confocal microscopy Human tongue Noninvasive imaging Human In vivo Tongue Scanning microscope Gustatory papilla ENT |
| Language | English |
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| References | Stave J, Zinser G, Grummer G, Guthoff R: Der modifizierte Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph HRT. Ophthalmologe 2002;99:276-280.1205850310.1007%2Fs003470100535 Just T, Zeisner C, Stave J, Pau HW: Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie zur Beurteilung des Zungenepithels. Laryngorhinootologie 2004;83:108-112.1499958610.1055%2Fs-2004-814106 Sollars SI, Smith PC, Hill DL: Time course of morphological alterations of fungiform papillae and taste buds following chorda tympani transection in neonatal rats. J Neurobiol 2002;51:223-236.1198484410.1002%2Fneu.10055 Husak R, Garbe C, Orfanos CE: Oral hairy leukoplakia in 71 HIV-seropositive patients: clinical symptoms, relation to immunologic status, and prognostic significance. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:928-934.895995210.1016%2FS0190-9622%2896%2990117-6 Lamey PJ, Darwazeh AM, Frier BM: Oral disorders associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1992;9:410-416.161182610.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.1992.tb01809.x Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Rubinstein G, Anderson RR: Characterization of psoriasis in vivo by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Med 1999;30:337-356.10851567 Scott J, Valentine JA, St Hill CA, West CR: Morphometric analysis of atrophic changes in human lingual epithelium in iron deficiency anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1025-1029.404487210.1136%2Fjcp.38.9.1025 Just T, Gafumbegete E, Kleinschmidt EG, Pau HW: Kontaktendoskopische Quantifizierung der fungiformen Papillen: Korrelation zum Schmeckvermögen? Laryngorhinootologie 2003;82:501-507.1288649810.1055%2Fs-2003-40897 Basak PY, Ergin S, Sezer MT, Sari A: Amyloidosis of the tongue with kappa light chain disease. Australas J Dermatol 2001;42:55-57.1123372410.1046%2Fj.1440-0960.2001.00475.x Miranda C, Lozada-Nur F: Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1996;17:408-410, 412; quiz 414.9051974 Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR: Non-invasive (real-time) imaging of histologic margin of a proliferative skin lesion in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:538-539.974025410.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.1998.00309.x Segovia C, Hutchinson I, Laing DG, Jinks AL: A quantitative study of fungiform papillae and taste pore density in adults and children. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2002;138:135-146.1235464110.1016%2FS0165-3806%2802%2900463-7 Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Koponen A, Seilonen A: Quantitative study of human fungiform papillae and taste buds: variation with aging and in different morphological forms of the tongue. Gerodontics 1987;3:131-135.3476331 Gonzalez S, Gonzalez E, White WM, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR: Allergic contact dermatitis: correlation of in vivo confocal imaging to routine histology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:708-713.1032159810.1016%2FS0190-9622%2899%2970151-9 Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Gonzalez-Serva A, White WM, Anderson RR: Confocal reflectance imaging of folliculitis in vivo: correlation with routine histology. J Cutan Pathol 1999;26:201-205.1033589810.1111%2Fj.1600-0560.1999.tb01829.x ref8 ref7 ref12 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref11 ref5 ref10 ref2 ref1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Rubinstein G, Anderson RR: Characterization of psoriasis in vivo by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Med 1999;30:337-356.10851567 – reference: Scott J, Valentine JA, St Hill CA, West CR: Morphometric analysis of atrophic changes in human lingual epithelium in iron deficiency anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1025-1029.404487210.1136%2Fjcp.38.9.1025 – reference: Stave J, Zinser G, Grummer G, Guthoff R: Der modifizierte Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph HRT. Ophthalmologe 2002;99:276-280.1205850310.1007%2Fs003470100535 – reference: Basak PY, Ergin S, Sezer MT, Sari A: Amyloidosis of the tongue with kappa light chain disease. Australas J Dermatol 2001;42:55-57.1123372410.1046%2Fj.1440-0960.2001.00475.x – reference: Gonzalez S, Gonzalez E, White WM, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR: Allergic contact dermatitis: correlation of in vivo confocal imaging to routine histology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:708-713.1032159810.1016%2FS0190-9622%2899%2970151-9 – reference: Lamey PJ, Darwazeh AM, Frier BM: Oral disorders associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1992;9:410-416.161182610.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.1992.tb01809.x – reference: Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Anderson RR: Non-invasive (real-time) imaging of histologic margin of a proliferative skin lesion in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:538-539.974025410.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.1998.00309.x – reference: Gonzalez S, Rajadhyaksha M, Gonzalez-Serva A, White WM, Anderson RR: Confocal reflectance imaging of folliculitis in vivo: correlation with routine histology. J Cutan Pathol 1999;26:201-205.1033589810.1111%2Fj.1600-0560.1999.tb01829.x – reference: Miranda C, Lozada-Nur F: Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1996;17:408-410, 412; quiz 414.9051974 – reference: Sollars SI, Smith PC, Hill DL: Time course of morphological alterations of fungiform papillae and taste buds following chorda tympani transection in neonatal rats. J Neurobiol 2002;51:223-236.1198484410.1002%2Fneu.10055 – reference: Husak R, Garbe C, Orfanos CE: Oral hairy leukoplakia in 71 HIV-seropositive patients: clinical symptoms, relation to immunologic status, and prognostic significance. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:928-934.895995210.1016%2FS0190-9622%2896%2990117-6 – reference: Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Koponen A, Seilonen A: Quantitative study of human fungiform papillae and taste buds: variation with aging and in different morphological forms of the tongue. Gerodontics 1987;3:131-135.3476331 – reference: Segovia C, Hutchinson I, Laing DG, Jinks AL: A quantitative study of fungiform papillae and taste pore density in adults and children. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2002;138:135-146.1235464110.1016%2FS0165-3806%2802%2900463-7 – reference: Just T, Gafumbegete E, Kleinschmidt EG, Pau HW: Kontaktendoskopische Quantifizierung der fungiformen Papillen: Korrelation zum Schmeckvermögen? Laryngorhinootologie 2003;82:501-507.1288649810.1055%2Fs-2003-40897 – reference: Just T, Zeisner C, Stave J, Pau HW: Konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie zur Beurteilung des Zungenepithels. Laryngorhinootologie 2004;83:108-112.1499958610.1055%2Fs-2004-814106 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1007%2Fs003470100535 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1111%2Fj.1600-0560.1999.tb01829.x – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1046%2Fj.1440-0960.2001.00475.x – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1016%2FS0165-3806%2802%2900463-7 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1016%2FS0190-9622%2899%2970151-9 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.1998.00309.x – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1055%2Fs-2003-40897 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1016%2FS0190-9622%2896%2990117-6 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.1992.tb01809.x – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1002%2Fneu.10055 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1136%2Fjcp.38.9.1025 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1055%2Fs-2004-814106 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Capillaries - ultrastructure Cell Nucleus - ultrastructure Epithelium - ultrastructure Extracellular Matrix - ultrastructure Extracellular Space Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Intracellular Membranes - ultrastructure Male Medical sciences Microscopy, Confocal Middle Aged Mouth Mucosa - ultrastructure Organelles - ultrastructure Original Paper Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology Regional Blood Flow - physiology Taste Buds - ultrastructure Tongue - ultrastructure Videotape Recording |
| Title | In vivo Observation of Papillae of the Human Tongue Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy |
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