Longitudinal trajectories of anxiety and depression in subjects with different mental disorders after one year in the COVID-19 pandemic

•Anxiety and depression rates result different across mental disorders amidst pandemic.•Variables associated with the development of anxiety and depression are investigated.•With the reduction of lockdown, anxiety and depressive symptoms generally improved.•Symptoms improved across all mental disord...

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Published inPsychiatry research Vol. 334; p. 115680
Main Authors Carmassi, Claudia, Tosato, Sarah, Pedrinelli, Virginia, Bertelloni, Carlo A., Abbate-Daga, Giovanni, Albert, Umberto, Castellini, Giovanni, Luciano, Mario, Menchetti, Marco, Pompili, Maurizio, Sampogna, Gaia, Signorelli, Maria, Massimetti, Gabriele, Fantasia, Sara, Gravina, Davide, Dell'Oste, Valerio, Maselli, Francesca Maria Camilla, Zanaboni, Silvia, Bastanzetti, Vittoria, Ceci, Pietro, Longo, Paola, Burato, Sofia, D'Aietti, Alberto, Faldi, Marco, Marchesoni, Giorgia, Vincenzo, Matteo Di, Rocca, Bianca Della, Possidente, Chiara, Cosentini, Nicola, Berardelli, Isabella, Concerto, Carmen, Rodolico, Alessandro, Fiorillo, Andrea
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.04.2024
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0165-1781
1872-7123
1872-7123
DOI10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115680

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Abstract •Anxiety and depression rates result different across mental disorders amidst pandemic.•Variables associated with the development of anxiety and depression are investigated.•With the reduction of lockdown, anxiety and depressive symptoms generally improved.•Symptoms improved across all mental disorders but psychoses and OCD. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.
AbstractList •Anxiety and depression rates result different across mental disorders amidst pandemic.•Variables associated with the development of anxiety and depression are investigated.•With the reduction of lockdown, anxiety and depressive symptoms generally improved.•Symptoms improved across all mental disorders but psychoses and OCD. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.
The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.
The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among subjects with different mental disorders, during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (T0, March-April 2021) while strict containment measures were applied in Italy, and after 3 months (T1, June-July 2021), with reduced restrictive measures. A sample of 527 subjects, with different DSM-5 diagnoses, was enrolled at nine Italian psychiatric outpatient services. Assessments at T0 and T1 included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms. Differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms rates emerged across different mental disorders and a general improvement at T1 was detected for all of them in both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, except for Psychosis and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Patients with Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) reported statistically significantly higher: GAD-7 scores than those with Bipolar Disorder (BD), at both times, and Anxiety Disorders at baseline; PHQ-9 scores than all other diagnostic categories, at both times. Unemployment, no COVID-19 infection, OCD were predictive variables related to GAD-7 scores at T1, while being unmarried, BD or FED related to PHQ-9 scores at T1. Subjects with mental disorders reported anxiety and depressive symptoms during the third pandemic wave and most of patients showed an improvement over a 3-month follow-up, despite differences emerged among diagnostic categories and for the variables involved. Further studies are needed to deepen knowledge on pandemic impact on patients with mental disorders.
ArticleNumber 115680
Author Dell'Oste, Valerio
Berardelli, Isabella
Ceci, Pietro
D'Aietti, Alberto
Pompili, Maurizio
Zanaboni, Silvia
Pedrinelli, Virginia
Signorelli, Maria
Marchesoni, Giorgia
Bertelloni, Carlo A.
Fantasia, Sara
Rocca, Bianca Della
Rodolico, Alessandro
Castellini, Giovanni
Menchetti, Marco
Albert, Umberto
Fiorillo, Andrea
Massimetti, Gabriele
Gravina, Davide
Carmassi, Claudia
Bastanzetti, Vittoria
Faldi, Marco
Burato, Sofia
Maselli, Francesca Maria Camilla
Possidente, Chiara
Luciano, Mario
Longo, Paola
Abbate-Daga, Giovanni
Vincenzo, Matteo Di
Tosato, Sarah
Sampogna, Gaia
Cosentini, Nicola
Concerto, Carmen
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ContentType Journal Article
Contributor Dell'Oste, Valerio
Gravina, Davide
Berardelli, Isabella
Bastanzetti, Vittoria
Faldi, Marco
Ceci, Pietro
D'Aietti, Alberto
Burato, Sofia
Maselli, Francesca Maria Camilla
Possidente, Chiara
Zanaboni, Silvia
Longo, Paola
Marchesoni, Giorgia
Vincenzo, Matteo Di
Fantasia, Sara
Rocca, Bianca Della
Cosentini, Nicola
Concerto, Carmen
Rodolico, Alessandro
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Copyright 2023
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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IngestDate Thu Oct 02 09:47:39 EDT 2025
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Wed Oct 01 03:20:40 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:58:44 EDT 2025
Sat Mar 30 16:18:21 EDT 2024
Tue Oct 14 19:38:56 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Psychosis
Obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD
Mental disorders
Feeding and eating disorders
Anxiety
Sars-Cov-2
Language English
License Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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SubjectTerms Anxiety
Feeding and eating disorders
Mental disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD
Psychosis
Sars-Cov-2
Title Longitudinal trajectories of anxiety and depression in subjects with different mental disorders after one year in the COVID-19 pandemic
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