Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene exposure in a cohort of Italian taxi drivers
An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h perso...
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| Published in | Toxicology letters Vol. 167; no. 2; pp. 142 - 151 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Shannon
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
01.12.2006
Amsterdam Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0378-4274 1879-3169 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.016 |
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| Abstract | An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24
h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello
®). Benzene metabolites,
trans,
trans-muconic acid (
t,
t-MA) and
S-phenylmercapturic acid (
S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end-of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione
S-transferases M1-1 (
GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods.
Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85
±
1.65
μg/m
3, as assessed by 24
h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71
±
1.95
μg/m
3,
p
<
0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and
S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79)
μg/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87)
μg/g
creat. for
S-PMA,
p
<
0.002]. Within smokers,
S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values (
p
<
0.05).
t,
t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS
t,
t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine (
p
<
0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated
S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the
GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15)
μg/g
creat.] excreted significantly higher
S-PMA concentrations than
GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18)
μg/g
creat.,
p
<
0.05]. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello). Benzene metabolites, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end-of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases M1-1 (GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods. Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85 +/- 1.65 microg/m3, as assessed by 24 h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71 +/- 1.95 microg/m3, p < 0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79) microg/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87) microg/gcreat. for S-PMA, p < 0.002]. Within smokers, S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values (p < 0.05). t,t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS t,t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine (p < 0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15) microg/gcreat.] excreted significantly higher S-PMA concentrations than GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18) microg/gcreat., p < 0.05]. An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello super([registered])). Benzene metabolites, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end- of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid- phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases M1-1 (GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods. Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85 +/- 1.65 mu g/m super(3), as assessed by 24 h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71 +/- 1.95 mu g/m super(3), p < 0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79) mu g/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87) mu g/g creat. for S-PMA, p < 0.002]. Within smokers, S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values (p < 0.05). t,t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS t,t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine (p < 0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15) mu g/g creat.] excreted significantly higher S-PMA concentrations than GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18) mu g/g creat., p < 0.05]. An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello ®). Benzene metabolites, trans, trans-muconic acid ( t, t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid ( S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end-of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases M1-1 ( GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods. Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85 ± 1.65 μg/m 3, as assessed by 24 h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71 ± 1.95 μg/m 3, p < 0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79) μg/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87) μg/g creat. for S-PMA, p < 0.002]. Within smokers, S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values ( p < 0.05). t, t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS t, t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine ( p < 0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15) μg/g creat.] excreted significantly higher S-PMA concentrations than GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18) μg/g creat., p < 0.05]. An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello). Benzene metabolites, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end-of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases M1-1 (GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods. Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85 +/- 1.65 microg/m3, as assessed by 24 h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71 +/- 1.95 microg/m3, p < 0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79) microg/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87) microg/gcreat. for S-PMA, p < 0.002]. Within smokers, S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values (p < 0.05). t,t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS t,t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine (p < 0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15) microg/gcreat.] excreted significantly higher S-PMA concentrations than GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18) microg/gcreat., p < 0.05].An integrated approach based on ambient and biological monitoring, the latter including both biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility, was applied to characterize benzene exposure in a group of 37 taxi drivers of the city of Parma (Italy). Airborne benzene concentrations were assessed by 24 h personal sampling and work-shift sampling inside the taxicab using passive samplers (Radiello). Benzene metabolites, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), and urinary cotinine as biomarker of smoking habits were measured by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in both pre-shift (PS) and end-of-shift (EOS) samples. Urinary benzene (U-B) levels were determined by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in EOS samples. Relevant polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases M1-1 (GSTM1), T1-1, and A1 were characterized by PCR-based methods. Mean airborne benzene concentration was 5.85 +/- 1.65 microg/m3, as assessed by 24 h personal sampling integrating for work-shift, indoor or general environment activities. Significantly, higher benzene concentrations were detected in the taxicab during the work-shift (7.71 +/- 1.95 microg/m3, p < 0.005). Smokers eliminated significantly higher concentrations of U-B and S-PMA than non-smokers in EOS samples [geometric mean (geometric S.D.): 2.58 (4.23) versus 0.44 (1.79) microg/l for U-B; 3.79 (1.50) versus 2.14 (1.87) microg/gcreat. for S-PMA, p < 0.002]. Within smokers, S-PMA concentrations significantly increased at the end of the work-shift compared to pre-shift values (p < 0.05). t,t-MA showed a similar behaviour, although differences were not significant. In the narrow range examined, no correlation was observed between air benzene concentration and urinary biomarkers. All benzene biomarkers but EOS t,t-MA were correlated with U-cotinine (p < 0.05). GSTM1 polymorphism significantly modulated S-PMA excretion, as subjects bearing the GSTM1pos genotype [3.61 (1.15) microg/gcreat.] excreted significantly higher S-PMA concentrations than GSTM1null subjects [2.19 (1.18) microg/gcreat., p < 0.05]. |
| Author | De Palma, Giuseppe Folesani, Giuseppina Manini, Paola Mutti, Antonio Andreoli, Roberta Poli, Diana Apostoli, Pietro Mozzoni, Paola |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Paola surname: Manini fullname: Manini, Paola email: paola.manini@unipr.it organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Giuseppe surname: De Palma fullname: De Palma, Giuseppe organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Roberta surname: Andreoli fullname: Andreoli, Roberta organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Diana surname: Poli fullname: Poli, Diana organization: ISPESL (Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza sul Lavoro) Research Center at the University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Paola surname: Mozzoni fullname: Mozzoni, Paola organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Giuseppina surname: Folesani fullname: Folesani, Giuseppina organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Antonio surname: Mutti fullname: Mutti, Antonio organization: Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Pietro surname: Apostoli fullname: Apostoli, Pietro organization: Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18336390$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17056211$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | S-Phenylmercapturic acid t, t-Muconic acid Taxi drivers GSTM1 polymorphism Urinary benzene Benzene Urine Genetic variability Enzyme Isozyme Transferases Genotype Exposure Biological monitoring Glutathione transferase Cohort study t,t-Muconic acid Environment Polymorphism |
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| Title | Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene exposure in a cohort of Italian taxi drivers |
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