Methodological issues and advances in biological meta-analysis

Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis in biological sciences, especially in ecology and evolution (which we refer to as ‘biological’ meta-analysis) faces somewhat different metho...

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Published inEvolutionary ecology Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 1253 - 1274
Main Authors Nakagawa, Shinichi, Santos, Eduardo S. A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2012
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0269-7653
1573-8477
DOI10.1007/s10682-012-9555-5

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Abstract Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis in biological sciences, especially in ecology and evolution (which we refer to as ‘biological’ meta-analysis) faces somewhat different methodological problems from its counterparts in medical and social sciences, where meta-analytic techniques were originally developed. The main reason for such differences is that biological meta-analysis often integrates complex data composed of multiple strata with, for example, different measurements and a variety of species. Here, we review methodological issues and advancements in biological meta-analysis, focusing on three topics: (1) non-independence arising from multiple effect sizes obtained in single studies and from phylogenetic relatedness, (2) detecting and accounting for heterogeneity, and (3) identifying publication bias and measuring its impact. We show how the marriage between mixed-effects (hierarchical/multilevel) models and phylogenetic comparative methods has resolved most of the issues under discussion. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of across-study and within-study meta-analysis, and propose how the use of within-study meta-analysis can improve many empirical studies typical of ecology and evolution.
AbstractList Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis in biological sciences, especially in ecology and evolution (which we refer to as 'biological' meta-analysis) faces somewhat different methodological problems from its counterparts in medical and social sciences, where meta-analytic techniques were originally developed. The main reason for such differences is that biological meta-analysis often integrates complex data composed of multiple strata with, for example, different measurements and a variety of species. Here, we review methodological issues and advancements in biological meta-analysis, focusing on three topics: (1) non-independence arising from multiple effect sizes obtained in single studies and from phylogenetic relatedness, (2) detecting and accounting for heterogeneity, and (3) identifying publication bias and measuring its impact. We show how the marriage between mixed-effects (hierarchical/multilevel) models and phylogenetic comparative methods has resolved most of the issues under discussion. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of across-study and within-study meta-analysis, and propose how the use of within-study meta-analysis can improve many empirical studies typical of ecology and evolution.
Issue Title: Special Issue: Meta-analytic insights into evolutionary ecology Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis in biological sciences, especially in ecology and evolution (which we refer to as 'biological' meta-analysis) faces somewhat different methodological problems from its counterparts in medical and social sciences, where meta-analytic techniques were originally developed. The main reason for such differences is that biological meta-analysis often integrates complex data composed of multiple strata with, for example, different measurements and a variety of species. Here, we review methodological issues and advancements in biological meta-analysis, focusing on three topics: (1) non-independence arising from multiple effect sizes obtained in single studies and from phylogenetic relatedness, (2) detecting and accounting for heterogeneity, and (3) identifying publication bias and measuring its impact. We show how the marriage between mixed-effects (hierarchical/multilevel) models and phylogenetic comparative methods has resolved most of the issues under discussion. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of across-study and within-study meta-analysis, and propose how the use of within-study meta-analysis can improve many empirical studies typical of ecology and evolution.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience Academic
Author Nakagawa, Shinichi
Santos, Eduardo S. A.
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  surname: Nakagawa
  fullname: Nakagawa, Shinichi
  email: shinichi.nakagawa@otago.ac.nz
  organization: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Eduardo S. A.
  surname: Santos
  fullname: Santos, Eduardo S. A.
  organization: Department of Zoology, University of Otago
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Keywords Meta-regression
Random-effects meta-analysis
Heterogeneity
Egger’s regression
Fixed-effect meta-analysis
Multivariate meta-analysis
Trim and fill method
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PublicationTitle Evolutionary ecology
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PublicationYear 2012
Publisher Springer Netherlands
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis...
Issue Title: Special Issue: Meta-analytic insights into evolutionary ecology Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only...
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SubjectTerms Analysis
Animal Ecology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Heterogeneity
Life Sciences
marriage
Meta-analysis
Original Paper
Phylogeny
Plant Sciences
Research methodology
researchers
Social sciences
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