Magnitude of Drug–Drug Interactions in Special Populations

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with polypharmacy and is therefore of particular concern in individuals likely to present comorbidities (i.e., elderly or obese individuals). These sp...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPharmaceutics Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 789
Main Authors Bettonte, Sara, Berton, Mattia, Marzolini, Catia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Aging
Body mass index
drug interaction
Drug interactions
elderly
Enzymes
Ethnicity
Medical Subject Headings-MeSH
Metabolism
obese
Obesity
Older people
Pharmacokinetics
Physiology
Pregnancy
pregnant women
Review
special populations
pregnant women
drug interaction
elderly
special populations
obese
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1999-4923
1999-4923
DOI10.3390/pharmaceutics14040789

Cover

Abstract Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with polypharmacy and is therefore of particular concern in individuals likely to present comorbidities (i.e., elderly or obese individuals). These special populations, and the population of pregnant women, are characterized by physiological changes that can impact drug pharmacokinetics and consequently the magnitude of DDIs. This review compiles existing DDI studies in elderly, obese, and pregnant populations that include a control group without the condition of interest. The impact of physiological changes on the magnitude of DDIs was then analyzed by comparing the exposure of a medication in presence and absence of an interacting drug for the special population relative to the control population. Aging does not alter the magnitude of DDIs as the related physiological changes impact the victim and perpetrator drugs to a similar extent, regardless of their elimination pathway. Conversely, the magnitude of DDIs can be changed in obese individuals or pregnant women, as these conditions impact drugs to different extents depending on their metabolic pathway.
AbstractList Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with polypharmacy and is therefore of particular concern in individuals likely to present comorbidities (i.e., elderly or obese individuals). These special populations, and the population of pregnant women, are characterized by physiological changes that can impact drug pharmacokinetics and consequently the magnitude of DDIs. This review compiles existing DDI studies in elderly, obese, and pregnant populations that include a control group without the condition of interest. The impact of physiological changes on the magnitude of DDIs was then analyzed by comparing the exposure of a medication in presence and absence of an interacting drug for the special population relative to the control population. Aging does not alter the magnitude of DDIs as the related physiological changes impact the victim and perpetrator drugs to a similar extent, regardless of their elimination pathway. Conversely, the magnitude of DDIs can be changed in obese individuals or pregnant women, as these conditions impact drugs to different extents depending on their metabolic pathway.
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with polypharmacy and is therefore of particular concern in individuals likely to present comorbidities (i.e., elderly or obese individuals). These special populations, and the population of pregnant women, are characterized by physiological changes that can impact drug pharmacokinetics and consequently the magnitude of DDIs. This review compiles existing DDI studies in elderly, obese, and pregnant populations that include a control group without the condition of interest. The impact of physiological changes on the magnitude of DDIs was then analyzed by comparing the exposure of a medication in presence and absence of an interacting drug for the special population relative to the control population. Aging does not alter the magnitude of DDIs as the related physiological changes impact the victim and perpetrator drugs to a similar extent, regardless of their elimination pathway. Conversely, the magnitude of DDIs can be changed in obese individuals or pregnant women, as these conditions impact drugs to different extents depending on their metabolic pathway.Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with polypharmacy and is therefore of particular concern in individuals likely to present comorbidities (i.e., elderly or obese individuals). These special populations, and the population of pregnant women, are characterized by physiological changes that can impact drug pharmacokinetics and consequently the magnitude of DDIs. This review compiles existing DDI studies in elderly, obese, and pregnant populations that include a control group without the condition of interest. The impact of physiological changes on the magnitude of DDIs was then analyzed by comparing the exposure of a medication in presence and absence of an interacting drug for the special population relative to the control population. Aging does not alter the magnitude of DDIs as the related physiological changes impact the victim and perpetrator drugs to a similar extent, regardless of their elimination pathway. Conversely, the magnitude of DDIs can be changed in obese individuals or pregnant women, as these conditions impact drugs to different extents depending on their metabolic pathway.
Author Bettonte, Sara
Marzolini, Catia
Berton, Mattia
AuthorAffiliation 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; mattia.berton@unibas.ch (M.B.); catia.marzolini@usb.ch (C.M.)
3 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
– name: 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; mattia.berton@unibas.ch (M.B.); catia.marzolini@usb.ch (C.M.)
– name: 3 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Sara
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7532-7898
  surname: Bettonte
  fullname: Bettonte, Sara
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mattia
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9450-2228
  surname: Berton
  fullname: Berton, Mattia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Catia
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2312-7050
  surname: Marzolini
  fullname: Marzolini, Catia
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456623$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFUsuKVDEQDTLijO18gnLBjZvWvHMLRZDx1TCioK5DOo-eNLeTNrlXcOc_-Id-ienucZgZBLOpUDnnpKpO3UdHKSeP0EOCnzIG-Nn2wpSNsX4ao62EY45VD3fQCQGAOQfKjq7dj9FprWvcDmOkZ3APHTPBhZSUnaAXH8wqxXFyvsuhe12m1e-fv3ahW6TRF2PHmFPtYuo-b72NZug-5e00mH36AbobzFD96WWcoa9v33w5ez8___hucfbqfG45xTCX3IveCiMs58FJLAg4UEZQ8GFJVJBMEUe9shSL0CpTwQVMjBCqd2CUZzO0OOi6bNZ6W-LGlB86m6j3iVxW2pQ2isFrH4BKR9zSOsWh_UMklkZSyQEDJaRpvTxobaflxjvr01jMcEP05kuKF3qVv2vAVDGQTeDJpUDJ3yZfR72J1fphMMnnqWoqBad96xEa9PEt6DpPJbVR7VAME0GbKTP06HpFV6X8NakBxAFgS661-HAFIVjv9kH_cx8a7_ktno3j3rnWWBz-w_4DT2W__g
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28135252
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbadis_2024_167353
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_91356_7
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_022_01251_0
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12982_024_00229_3
crossref_primary_10_1124_dmd_123_001365
crossref_primary_10_2147_DDDT_S436549
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics16091163
crossref_primary_10_1093_gerona_glae259
crossref_primary_10_5937_medi57_49267
crossref_primary_10_1080_17425255_2023_2223961
crossref_primary_10_1080_03007995_2024_2414893
crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines12070782
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pharmr_2024_100023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xgen_2025_100784
Cites_doi 10.1136/bmj.1.5853.587
10.2165/00003088-200847020-00002
10.1002/cpt.664
10.1007/s40262-019-00822-9
10.3851/IMP3291
10.1038/clpt.1993.104
10.1002/jcph.1257
10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01494.x
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820fd093
10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.003
10.1093/jac/dku400
10.1080/17425255.2020.1738384
10.1097/01.aids.0000247114.43714.90
10.1681/ASN.2012050460
10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00187-5
10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827fd47e
10.1128/AAC.00634-18
10.1097/00000542-198461010-00006
10.1002/cpt.1819
10.1097/00007691-198512000-00011
10.1038/clpt.1990.164
10.1021/mp300712a
10.3851/IMP2936
10.1002/cpt.667
10.1124/dmd.32.2.267
10.1007/s40262-020-00914-x
10.3851/IMP2328
10.1186/s12936-017-2062-y
10.1124/dmd.30.3.336
10.1053/beog.2001.0231
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02482.x
10.1093/ageing/7.2.68
10.1128/AAC.00683-13
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002237
10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182189892
10.1097/00007890-198905000-00012
10.1124/mol.54.2.342
10.1128/AAC.01252-18
10.1016/0006-2952(92)90010-G
10.1080/15287390802647203
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002856
10.1007/s40262-017-0539-z
10.1038/psp.2013.59
10.1093/jac/dkx459
10.2165/11599410-000000000-00000
10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.55602.x
10.2165/00003088-198409020-00005
10.1007/s40262-014-0166-x
10.1159/000515907
10.1093/jac/dkr282
10.1007/978-1-61779-213-7
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03982.x
10.1038/clpt.2012.261
10.1016/0920-1211(95)00012-Y
10.1002/hep.1840200516
10.2174/1381612825666190320162507
10.1002/jcph.1746
10.2165/11631070-000000000-00000
10.1007/BF01037947
10.1111/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01457.x
10.3389/fphar.2018.00774
10.1007/s40262-018-0709-7
10.1016/S0140-6736(82)92234-6
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001992
10.1124/jpet.113.203257
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00651.x
10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90001-6
10.1093/cid/ciaa488
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05002.x
10.1684/epd.2014.0714
10.1093/jac/dks207
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02922.x
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02837.x
10.2165/00003088-200645050-00003
10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00927.x
10.1097/QAD.0b013e32825a69d1
10.3109/00498254.2012.693972
10.1002/cpt.2017
10.1097/QAD.0000000000002767
10.1111/hiv.12721
10.7448/IAS.17.4.19485
10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01123.x
10.1016/j.clpt.2006.01.006
10.1038/clpt.1987.132
10.1097/JCP.0000000000000892
10.3851/IMP2820
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2022 by the authors. 2022
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2022 by the authors. 2022
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
3V.
7XB
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040789
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic


CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology
EISSN 1999-4923
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_ef926d1dbcd7499d91606a6264909211
PMC9027396
35456623
10_3390_pharmaceutics14040789
Genre Journal Article
Review
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Swiss National Science Foundation
  grantid: 188504
GroupedDBID ---
53G
5VS
8G5
AADQD
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ACUHS
AEAQA
AFKRA
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AZQEC
BENPR
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
DWQXO
EBD
ESX
F5P
FD6
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
GX1
HH5
HYE
IAO
IHR
ITC
KQ8
M2O
M48
MK0
MODMG
M~E
OK1
P6G
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
RNS
RPM
TR2
TUS
3V.
NPM
7XB
8FK
COVID
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c4209-64e58c5a5c44fd60519d97a529efb17f6371d2e7c205f5457fdf01a5578d9a7e3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1999-4923
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:23:05 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:06:12 EDT 2025
Sun Aug 24 04:02:14 EDT 2025
Mon Jun 30 14:47:45 EDT 2025
Thu Jan 02 22:54:30 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:36:11 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:10:37 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Keywords pregnant women
drug interaction
elderly
special populations
obese
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4209-64e58c5a5c44fd60519d97a529efb17f6371d2e7c205f5457fdf01a5578d9a7e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-9450-2228
0000-0002-7532-7898
0000-0002-2312-7050
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2653015200?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%&accountid=15518
PMID 35456623
PQID 2653015200
PQPubID 2032349
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_ef926d1dbcd7499d91606a6264909211
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9027396
proquest_miscellaneous_2654285199
proquest_journals_2653015200
pubmed_primary_35456623
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14040789
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_pharmaceutics14040789
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20220404
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-04-04
PublicationDate_xml – month: 4
  year: 2022
  text: 20220404
  day: 4
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Pharmaceutics
PublicationTitleAlternate Pharmaceutics
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Schmucker (ref_24) 1990; 48
ref_12
Bilos (ref_31) 2017; 16
ref_98
Ripamonti (ref_73) 2007; 21
Conradie (ref_71) 2011; 12
Bukkems (ref_6) 2020; 59
Bowman (ref_35) 1986; 21
Belzer (ref_32) 2013; 346
Hunt (ref_23) 1992; 44
Ghosal (ref_50) 2004; 32
Kajubi (ref_93) 2017; 102
Ripamonti (ref_68) 2012; 72
Kees (ref_40) 2011; 66
Curran (ref_67) 2018; 73
Feely (ref_15) 1984; 17
Eke (ref_61) 2020; 16
Kwakernaak (ref_47) 2013; 24
ref_20
Owen (ref_99) 2016; 103
Lambert (ref_77) 2014; 17
Rosenfeld (ref_55) 1997; 38
Ulvestad (ref_45) 2013; 93
Smith (ref_27) 1991; 32
Briant (ref_10) 1983; 25
Gaudry (ref_30) 1993; 54
Bukkems (ref_84) 2020; 71
Stader (ref_5) 2021; 109
Brooks (ref_65) 2021; 35
Banda (ref_92) 2018; 62
ref_76
Greenblatt (ref_37) 1987; 42
Loi (ref_9) 1997; 280
Stek (ref_83) 2006; 20
Nimmo (ref_11) 1973; 1
Simon (ref_21) 2001; 52
ref_82
Gulsun (ref_33) 2021; 106
Schwartz (ref_22) 2006; 79
Abernethy (ref_42) 1984; 9
Vestal (ref_17) 1987; 241
Greenblatt (ref_49) 2018; 38
Doose (ref_53) 2003; 44
Greenblatt (ref_36) 1984; 61
Tomson (ref_96) 1994; 35
Perucca (ref_59) 1984; 18
Lamorde (ref_91) 2012; 67
Cohen (ref_16) 1985; 7
Crauwels (ref_79) 2019; 20
Bernus (ref_95) 1995; 21
Flechner (ref_38) 1989; 47
Salem (ref_25) 1978; 7
Brill (ref_46) 2012; 51
ref_52
Stader (ref_7) 2020; 59
Bukkems (ref_63) 2021; 61
Momper (ref_74) 2022; 89
ref_64
Zaccara (ref_58) 2014; 16
Desta (ref_13) 2002; 30
Mirochnick (ref_72) 2011; 56
Busch (ref_29) 1998; 54
Marzolini (ref_66) 2013; 10
Colbers (ref_69) 2015; 20
Sachdeo (ref_54) 1996; 37
Dawes (ref_60) 2001; 15
Buclin (ref_80) 2013; 18
Kloprogge (ref_88) 2013; 2
Colbers (ref_75) 2015; 70
Messerli (ref_44) 1982; 1
Villikka (ref_57) 1998; 83
Hodel (ref_4) 2019; 25
Engel (ref_19) 1996; 59
Murtagh (ref_78) 2019; 24
Aweeka (ref_86) 2008; 47
Le (ref_70) 2015; 20
Adegbola (ref_90) 2018; 62
Hughes (ref_94) 2020; 83
Neary (ref_97) 2017; 102
Gorski (ref_28) 2003; 74
Cheymol (ref_39) 1995; 39
Patterson (ref_81) 2013; 63
Miano (ref_34) 2020; 107
Dallmann (ref_62) 2017; 56
Chow (ref_48) 2018; 58
Brill (ref_41) 2014; 53
Jerling (ref_51) 2006; 45
Lee (ref_87) 2012; 42
Tarning (ref_89) 2013; 57
Young (ref_43) 2009; 72
ref_1
Berger (ref_14) 2018; 9
Momper (ref_85) 2018; 32
ref_3
ref_2
Liukas (ref_18) 2011; 31
Crowley (ref_26) 1988; 245
Stader (ref_8) 2019; 58
Rost (ref_56) 1994; 20
References_xml – volume: 1
  start-page: 587
  year: 1973
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Pharmacological modification of gastric emptying: Effects of propantheline and metoclopromide on paracetamol absorption
  publication-title: Br. Med. J.
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5853.587
– volume: 47
  start-page: 91
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Clinical Pharmacology of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.2165/00003088-200847020-00002
– volume: 102
  start-page: 520
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_93
  article-title: Antiretroviral Therapy with Efavirenz Accentuates Pregnancy-Associated Reduction of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Exposure During Malaria Chemoprevention
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.664
– volume: 59
  start-page: 383
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Identify Pharmacokinetic Parameters Driving Drug Exposure Changes in the Elderly
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.1007/s40262-019-00822-9
– volume: 24
  start-page: 229
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_78
  article-title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of darunavir/ritonavir in pregnancy
  publication-title: Antivir. Ther.
  doi: 10.3851/IMP3291
– volume: 54
  start-page: 23
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Gender and age as factors in the inhibition of renal clearance of amantadine by quinine and quinidine
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/clpt.1993.104
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1436
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Persistence of a Posaconazole-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction with Ranolazine After Cessation of Posaconazole Administration: Impact of Obesity and Implications for Patient Safety
  publication-title: J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1002/jcph.1257
– volume: 52
  start-page: 601
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Variability of cytochrome P450 1A2 activity over time in young and elderly healthy volunteers
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01494.x
– volume: 56
  start-page: 412
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: Atazanavir pharmacokinetics with and without tenofovir during pregnancy
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820fd093
– volume: 103
  start-page: 144
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_99
  article-title: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for long acting injectable therapies: Insights for applications in HIV therapy
  publication-title: Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.003
– volume: 70
  start-page: 534
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of total and unbound darunavir in HIV-1-infected pregnant women
  publication-title: J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
  doi: 10.1093/jac/dku400
– volume: 16
  start-page: 333
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Tenofovir alafenamide use in pregnant and lactating women living with HIV
  publication-title: Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1738384
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1931
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_83
  article-title: Reduced lopinavir exposure during pregnancy
  publication-title: AIDS
  doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000247114.43714.90
– volume: 24
  start-page: 987
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Central body fat distribution associates with unfavorable renal hemodynamics independent of body mass index
  publication-title: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
  doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012050460
– volume: 74
  start-page: 275
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: The effect of age, sex, and rifampin administration on intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00187-5
– volume: 63
  start-page: 51
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_81
  article-title: Protein binding of lopinavir and ritonavir during 4 phases of pregnancy: Implications for treatment guidelines
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827fd47e
– volume: 62
  start-page: e00634-18
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_92
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of Piperaquine and Safety Profile of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Coadministered with Antiretroviral Therapy in Malaria-Uninfected HIV-Positive Malawian Adults
  publication-title: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
  doi: 10.1128/AAC.00634-18
– volume: 61
  start-page: 27
  year: 1984
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-198461010-00006
– volume: 107
  start-page: 1446
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: The Magnitude of the Warfarin-Amiodarone Drug-Drug Interaction Varies with Renal Function: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.1819
– volume: 7
  start-page: 426
  year: 1985
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Cimetidine-theophylline interaction: Effects of age and cimetidine dose
  publication-title: Ther. Drug Monit.
  doi: 10.1097/00007691-198512000-00011
– volume: 48
  start-page: 365
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Effects of age and gender on in vitro properties of human liver microsomal monooxygenases
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/clpt.1990.164
– ident: ref_3
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2340
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: The brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors is facilitated when used in combination
  publication-title: Mol. Pharm.
  doi: 10.1021/mp300712a
– volume: 20
  start-page: 507
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (300/100 mg once daily) in HIV-1-infected pregnant women
  publication-title: Antivir. Ther.
  doi: 10.3851/IMP2936
– volume: 102
  start-page: 529
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_97
  article-title: The Effect of Gene Variants on Levonorgestrel Pharmacokinetics When Combined with Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Efavirenz or Nevirapine
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.667
– volume: 32
  start-page: 267
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme(s) responsible for the glucuronidation of posaconazole (Noxafil)
  publication-title: Drug Metab. Dispos.
  doi: 10.1124/dmd.32.2.267
– volume: 241
  start-page: 488
  year: 1987
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Aging and drug interactions. I. Effect of cimetidine and smoking on the oxidation of theophylline and cortisol in healthy men
  publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1217
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Drug-Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women Living with HIV: Are They Different from Non-Pregnant Individuals?
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00914-x
– volume: 18
  start-page: 171
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_80
  article-title: Free and total plasma levels of lopinavir during pregnancy, at delivery and postpartum: Implications for dosage adjustments in pregnant women
  publication-title: Antivir. Ther.
  doi: 10.3851/IMP2328
– volume: 16
  start-page: 422
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Proguanil and cycloguanil are organic cation transporter and multidrug and toxin extrusion substrates
  publication-title: Malar. J.
  doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-2062-y
– volume: 30
  start-page: 336
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: The gastroprokinetic and antiemetic drug metoclopramide is a substrate and inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2D6
  publication-title: Drug Metab. Dispos.
  doi: 10.1124/dmd.30.3.336
– volume: 15
  start-page: 819
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Drugs in pregnancy. Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy
  publication-title: Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.
  doi: 10.1053/beog.2001.0231
– volume: 18
  start-page: 401
  year: 1984
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: A comparative study of the relative enzyme inducing properties of anticonvulsant drugs in epileptic patients
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02482.x
– ident: ref_64
– volume: 7
  start-page: 68
  year: 1978
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Reduced induction of drug metabolism in the elderly
  publication-title: Age Ageing
  doi: 10.1093/ageing/7.2.68
– volume: 57
  start-page: 5096
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_89
  article-title: Pharmacokinetic properties of artemether, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, and quinine in pregnant women with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in Uganda
  publication-title: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
  doi: 10.1128/AAC.00683-13
– volume: 83
  start-page: 140
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_94
  article-title: Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Artemether-Lumefantrine Exposure for Malaria Treatment in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002237
– volume: 31
  start-page: 302
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A by clarithromycin uniformly affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone in young and elderly volunteers
  publication-title: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.
  doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182189892
– volume: 47
  start-page: 806
  year: 1989
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: The impact of body weight on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients
  publication-title: Transplantation
  doi: 10.1097/00007890-198905000-00012
– volume: 54
  start-page: 342
  year: 1998
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Human neurons express the polyspecific cation transporter hOCT2, which translocates monoamine neurotransmitters, amantadine, and memantine
  publication-title: Mol. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1124/mol.54.2.342
– volume: 62
  start-page: e01252-18
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_90
  article-title: Effect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Efavirenz and Lumefantrine in HIV-Malaria Coinfection
  publication-title: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
  doi: 10.1128/AAC.01252-18
– volume: 44
  start-page: 275
  year: 1992
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Effect of age and gender on the activity of human hepatic CYP3A
  publication-title: Biochem. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90010-G
– volume: 72
  start-page: 527
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Human organ/tissue growth algorithms that include obese individuals and black/white population organ weight similarities from autopsy data
  publication-title: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A
  doi: 10.1080/15287390802647203
– volume: 89
  start-page: 303
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_74
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of Atazanavir Boosted with Cobicistat in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002856
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1303
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_62
  article-title: Gestation-Specific Changes in the Anatomy and Physiology of Healthy Pregnant Women: An Extended Repository of Model Parameters for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pregnancy
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0539-z
– volume: 2
  start-page: e83
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_88
  article-title: Population Pharmacokinetics of Lumefantrine in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Uganda
  publication-title: CPT Pharmacomet. Syst. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1038/psp.2013.59
– volume: 73
  start-page: 732
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/cobicistat and etravirine alone and co-administered in HIV-infected patients
  publication-title: J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
  doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx459
– volume: 51
  start-page: 277
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Impact of obesity on drug metabolism and elimination in adults and children
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.2165/11599410-000000000-00000
– volume: 44
  start-page: 540
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: Effect of topiramate or carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in healthy obese and nonobese female subjects
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.55602.x
– volume: 9
  start-page: 177
  year: 1984
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: The influence of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of oral alprazolam and triazolam
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.2165/00003088-198409020-00005
– volume: 53
  start-page: 931
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Midazolam pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients following semi-simultaneous oral and intravenous administration: A comparison with healthy volunteers
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.1007/s40262-014-0166-x
– volume: 106
  start-page: 390
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: The Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor Quinidine Modulates the Neuroprotective Effect of Nerve Growth Factor and Memantine on Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Organotypic Brain Slices
  publication-title: Pharmacology
  doi: 10.1159/000515907
– ident: ref_98
– ident: ref_52
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2330
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in plasma and tissue of morbidly obese patients
  publication-title: J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
  doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr282
– ident: ref_1
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-213-7
– volume: 32
  start-page: 735
  year: 1991
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Age-dependent stereoselective increase in the oral clearance of hexobarbitone isomers caused by rifampicin
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03982.x
– volume: 93
  start-page: 275
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Impact of OATP1B1, MDR1, and CYP3A4 expression in liver and intestine on interpatient pharmacokinetic variability of atorvastatin in obese subjects
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.261
– volume: 21
  start-page: 65
  year: 1995
  ident: ref_95
  article-title: Metabolism of carbamazepine and co-administered anticonvulsants during pregnancy
  publication-title: Epilepsy Res.
  doi: 10.1016/0920-1211(95)00012-Y
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1204
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_56
  article-title: Specific and dose-dependent enzyme induction by omeprazole in human beings
  publication-title: Hepatology
  doi: 10.1002/hep.1840200516
– volume: 25
  start-page: 556
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics, Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant and Lactating Women Living with HIV
  publication-title: Curr. Pharm. Des.
  doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190320162507
– volume: 61
  start-page: 388
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Effect of Pregnancy and Concomitant Antiretrovirals on the Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Women with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Versus Women with HBV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Monotherapy
  publication-title: J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1002/jcph.1746
– volume: 280
  start-page: 627
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Aging and drug interactions. III. Individual and combined effects of cimetidine and cimetidine and ciprofloxacin on theophylline metabolism in healthy male and female nonsmokers
  publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
– ident: ref_20
– ident: ref_76
– ident: ref_82
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1161
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_68
  article-title: Unboosted atazanavir for treatment of HIV infection: Rationale and recommendations for use
  publication-title: Drugs
  doi: 10.2165/11631070-000000000-00000
– volume: 25
  start-page: 353
  year: 1983
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Bioavailability of metoprolol in young adults and the elderly, with additional studies on the effects of metoclopramide and probanthine
  publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1007/BF01037947
– volume: 245
  start-page: 513
  year: 1988
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Aging and drug interactions. II. Effect of phenytoin and smoking on the oxidation of theophylline and cortisol in healthy men
  publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
– volume: 83
  start-page: 135
  year: 1998
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: The effect of dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetics of triazolam
  publication-title: Pharmacol. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01457.x
– volume: 9
  start-page: 774
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Involved in Metoprolol Metabolism and Use of Metoprolol as a CYP2D6 Phenotyping Probe Drug
  publication-title: Front. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00774
– volume: 58
  start-page: 483
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Repository Describing an Aging Population to Inform Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Considering Anatomical, Physiological, and Biological Age-Dependent Changes
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0709-7
– volume: 1
  start-page: 1165
  year: 1982
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Cardiovascular effects of obesity and hypertension
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)92234-6
– volume: 32
  start-page: 2507
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_85
  article-title: Elvitegravir/cobicistat pharmacokinetics in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV
  publication-title: AIDS
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001992
– volume: 346
  start-page: 300
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Substrate-dependent ligand inhibition of the human organic cation transporter OCT2
  publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
  doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.203257
– volume: 37
  start-page: 774
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00651.x
– volume: 59
  start-page: 613
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Antipyrine as a probe for human oxidative drug metabolism: Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing 4-hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, and norantipyrine formation
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90001-6
– volume: 71
  start-page: e714
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_84
  article-title: Clinically Significant Lower Elvitegravir Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnant Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Data From the Pharmacokinetics of ANtiretroviral agents in HIV-infected pregNAnt women (PANNA) Network
  publication-title: Clin. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa488
– volume: 17
  start-page: 77
  year: 1984
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Factors affecting the response to inhibition of drug metabolism by cimetidine--dose response and sensitivity of elderly and induced subjects
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05002.x
– volume: 16
  start-page: 409
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: Interactions between antiepileptic drugs, and between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs
  publication-title: Epileptic Disord.
  doi: 10.1684/epd.2014.0714
– volume: 67
  start-page: 2213
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_91
  article-title: Significant pharmacokinetic interactions between artemether/lumefantrine and efavirenz or nevirapine in HIV-infected Ugandan adults
  publication-title: J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
  doi: 10.1093/jac/dks207
– volume: 35
  start-page: 131
  year: 1994
  ident: ref_96
  article-title: Disposition of carbamazepine and phenytoin in pregnancy
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02922.x
– ident: ref_2
– volume: 39
  start-page: 684
  year: 1995
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: The pharmacokinetics of dexfenfluramine in obese and non-obese subjects
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
– ident: ref_12
– volume: 21
  start-page: 529
  year: 1986
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in obese and normal volunteers
  publication-title: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02837.x
– volume: 45
  start-page: 469
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of ranolazine
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacokinet.
  doi: 10.2165/00003088-200645050-00003
– volume: 12
  start-page: 570
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_71
  article-title: Safety and exposure of once-daily ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in HIV-infected pregnant women
  publication-title: HIV Med.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00927.x
– volume: 21
  start-page: 2409
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_73
  article-title: Atazanavir plus low-dose ritonavir in pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and placental transfer
  publication-title: AIDS
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32825a69d1
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1088
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: In vitro metabolism of piperaquine is primarily mediated by CYP3A4
  publication-title: Xenobiotica
  doi: 10.3109/00498254.2012.693972
– volume: 109
  start-page: 471
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Clinical Data Combined with Modeling and Simulation Indicate Unchanged Drug-Drug Interaction Magnitudes in the Elderly
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1002/cpt.2017
– volume: 35
  start-page: 407
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide with and without cobicistat in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV
  publication-title: AIDS
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002767
– volume: 20
  start-page: 337
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_79
  article-title: Reduced exposure to darunavir and cobicistat in HIV-1-infected pregnant women receiving a darunavir/cobicistat-based regimen
  publication-title: HIV Med.
  doi: 10.1111/hiv.12721
– volume: 17
  start-page: 19485
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_77
  article-title: Darunavir pharmacokinetics throughout pregnancy and postpartum
  publication-title: J. Int. AIDS Soc.
  doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.4.19485
– volume: 38
  start-page: 317
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Effect of topiramate on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in patients with epilepsy
  publication-title: Epilepsia
  doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01123.x
– volume: 79
  start-page: 440
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Erythromycin breath test results in elderly, very elderly, and frail elderly persons
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.01.006
– volume: 42
  start-page: 193
  year: 1987
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Trazodone kinetics: Effect of age, gender, and obesity
  publication-title: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/clpt.1987.132
– volume: 38
  start-page: 289
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Sustained Impairment of Lurasidone Clearance After Discontinuation of Posaconazole: Impact of Obesity, and Implications for Patient Safety
  publication-title: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.
  doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000892
– volume: 20
  start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Atazanavir exposure is effective during pregnancy regardless of tenofovir use
  publication-title: Antivir. Ther.
  doi: 10.3851/IMP2820
SSID ssj0000331839
Score 2.2940726
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with...
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the most frequent causes of adverse drug reactions or loss of treatment efficacy. The risk of DDIs increases with...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 789
SubjectTerms Aging
Body mass index
drug interaction
Drug interactions
elderly
Enzymes
Ethnicity
Medical Subject Headings-MeSH
Metabolism
obese
Obesity
Older people
Pharmacokinetics
Physiology
Pregnancy
pregnant women
Review
special populations
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEA7iyYv4tr6IIJ6stmmabMCLT0RQ9qDgraR5qCBdse7Bm__Bf-gvcaap3V0RvHgqNAlNJzPpN-nMN4TsuEznRmGcjvMm5syWsZKMx9obqQzsmizF5OSra3Fxyy_v8ruxUl8YExbogYPgDpxXTNjUlsZKQOcW4EwiNMBwrhLFQlZvopIxZ6rZgzPUVRVSdjLw6w-eH0ZHxDVyyiDP-sTHqOHs_w1o_oyXHPsAnc-R2RY50qMw43ky5aoFstsPD3zbozejTKp6j-7S_oiU-m2RHF5pjBMaWkcHnp6-DO8_3z_wQpszwZDeUNPHirYV6Wm_K-1VL5Hb87Obk4u4rZwQGw7SiAV3ec_ksAyceysQplkldc6U82UqvchkapmThiW5BwwlvfVJqnMwX6u0dNkyma4GlVsl1Gqblhl4UVkPPDVRaoCUPim50eA4uZ6MCP8WYWFaWnGsbvFUgHuBki9-lXxE9rthz4FX468Bx7g-XWekxW5ugLIUrbIUfylLRDa-V7dobbUumMhhl0P6qYhsd81gZfjrRFduMGz6gJ8GYoR5rARl6GaSIQgFFBkROaEmE1OdbKkeHxomb4VsQkqs_ce7rZMZhqkZTWDRBpl-fRm6TQBMr-VWYxtfCO0WKA
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwEB6V7YUL4k2gICOhnhqaOHa8lkCIQqsKqasVaqXeIsePthJKlk330Bv_gX_IL2Emr2VRBadIia1Y9tj-PnvmG4A3PjPSavLT8cHGgrsy1oqL2ASrtMVVk6cUnHwyy4_PxJdzeb4FsyEWhtwqhzWxXahdbemMfJ_nEm2RRII-LL7HlDWKbleHFBqmT63g3rcSY3dgG5dkmUxg--BwNv86nrokGdmw7kJ5MuT7-4vL9dFxQ1ozpL--sUm1Wv63AdC__Sj_2JiO7sO9HlGyj50JPIAtXz2E3Xn3w5s9drqOsGr22C6br8Wqbx7BuxND_kMr51kd2Ofl6uLXj5_0YO1ZYRf20LCrivWZ6tl8TPnVPIazo8PTT8dxn1EhtoInOs6Fl1MrcXiECC4n-Oa0MpJrH8pUhTxTqeNeWZ7IgNhKBReS1Eic1k4b5bMnMKnqyj8D5oxLywzZVTZFBpeXBqFmSEphDRIqP1URiKELC9vLjVPWi28F0g7q-eLWno_g7Vht0elt_K_CAY3PWJjkstsX9fKi6Gdf4YPmuUtdaZ1CiucQEye5QS4ndKKRAkewM4xu0c_hplhbXASvx884--hKxVS-XrVlkL9hN2I7nnbGMLYkI3CK6DICtWEmG03d_FJdXbYK35pUhnT-_N_NegF3OQVjtK5EOzC5Xq78S4RI1-Wr3u5_AyGKFQE
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Magnitude of Drug–Drug Interactions in Special Populations
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35456623
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2653015200
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2654285199
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9027396
https://doaj.org/article/ef926d1dbcd7499d91606a6264909211
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1La9wwEB7S5NJLadOX03RRoeQUp7YsW6tCKUmaEAoJS8lCbkbWIwkEb7rOQvffd0b2ertlS3rxwU8hzcjfJ818A_DRZTo3iuJ0nDex4LaKleQi1t5IZXDW5CklJ59fFGdj8f0qv9qAhaBC14HNWmpH9aTG07uDXz_nX9HhvxDjRMr-6f5mufrbkFwMSag_ga2wZUTRfB3iD5NzRkaswl6zovpqPGvzev79ppU_VhD2X4dG_w6q_OMvdfocnnXwkh229vACNly9DXuj9oPzfXa5TLdq9tkeGy2Vq-cv4fO5pmCimXVs4tm36ew6pgMLy4ZtBkTDbmvWFa1no776V_MKxqcnl8dncVdcITaCJyouhMuHJseREsLbgpCcVVLnXDlfpdIXmUwtd9LwJPcIs6S3Pkl1jh5ulZYuew2b9aR2b4FZbdMqQ6KVDZHMFZVG1OmTShiN3MoNZQRi0YGl6ZTHqQDGXYkMhPq9XNvvERz0j9230huPPXBEo9PfTMrZ4cRkel12jlg6r3hhU1sZK5HtWYTHSaGR1gmVKGTDEewuxrZcWGPJixwnQlKoiuBDfxkdkXZXdO0ms3APUjnsRmzHm9YU-pZkhFMRaEYgV4xkpamrV-rbmyD2rUhwSBU7__Hdd_CUU3JGCC3ahc2H6cy9R8j0UA1g6-jkYvRjEJYcBsElfgN_mxnG
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NbtNAEF6V9AAXxD-GQhcJeqqpvV57sxIVammrlDZRBKnUm7ven7YSskPcCOXGO_A-PAxPwoztOARVcOrJUmzHo9mZ9XzjmW8IeW0jFWuJdTrWaZ8zk_lSMO4rp4XUsGuyEJuT-4Okd8I_nsanK-TnvBcGyyrne2K1UZtCY458iyUx2CKSBL0ff_VxahR-XZ2P0FDNaAWzXVGMNY0dR3b2DSBcuX24B-v9hrGD_dGHnt9MGfA1Z4H0E27jro5BZM6dSTCkMVKomEnrslC4JBKhYVZoFsQO4g3hjAtCFYOpG6mEjeB_b5FVjgmUDlnd3R8MP7VZniBCn5F161AUyWBrfLFIVZfIbYN870svxWp2wHUB7991m3-8CA_ukbtNBEt3apO7T1Zs_oBsDOsHzjbpaNHRVW7SDTpckGPPHpJ3fYX1SlNjaeHo3mR6_uv7DzzQKjdZt1mU9DKnn8cW0_l02I4YKx-RkxvR7WPSyYvcPiXUKBNmEaC5qAuIMckUhLYuyLhWAOBsV3iEz1WY6obeHKdsfEkB5qDm02s175G37W3jmt_jfzfs4vq0FyM9d_VDMTlPG29PrZMsMaHJtBEAKQ3E4EGiADtyGUiA3B5Zm69u2uwZZbqwcI-8ak-Dt-MnHJXbYlpdA3gR1AhyPKmNoZUkwmAYolmPiCUzWRJ1-Ux-eVExiktkNZLJs3-LtU5u90b94_T4cHD0nNxh2AhSlTGtkc7VZGpfQHh2lb1sfICSs5t2u98SQFEG
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NbtNAEF6VVkJcEP-YFlgk6Kkm9nrtzUpUiJJGLaWRBa3Um1nvT1upskPcCOXGO_BWPAZPwoztOARVcOopUmwno9mZ3fnGM98Q8tJGKtYS63Ss0z5nJvelYNxXTgupYddkITYnH46SvWP-4SQ-WSE_570wWFY53xPrjdqUGnPkPZbEYItIEtRzbVlEOhi-HX_1cYIUvmmdj9NQ7ZgFs13TjbVNHgd29g3gXLW9P4C1f8XYcPfo_Z7fThzwNWeB9BNu476OQXzOnUkwvDFSqJhJ6_JQuCQSoWFWaBbEDmIP4YwLQhWD2RuphI3gd2-QNQGnPgDBtZ3dUfqpy_gEEfqPbNqIokgGvfHZIm1dIc8Ncr8vHZD1HIGrgt-_azj_OBSHd8jtNpql7xrzu0tWbHGPbKbNH8626NGiu6vaops0XRBlz-6TN4cKa5emxtLS0cFkevrr-w_8oHWesmm5qOh5QT-PLab2adqNG6sekONr0e1DslqUhX1MqFEmzCNAdlEf0GOSKwhzXZBzrQDM2b7wCJ-rMNMt1TlO3LjIAPKg5rMrNe-R191j44br438P7OD6dDcjVXf9RTk5zVrPz6yTLDGhybURAC8NxONBogBHchlIgN8e2ZivbtbuH1W2sHaPvOgug-fj6xxV2HJa3wPYEdQIcjxqjKGTJMLAGCJbj4glM1kSdflKcX5Ws4tLZDiSyZN_i_Wc3AT3yz7ujw7WyS2GPSF1RdMGWb2cTO1TiNQu82etC1Dy5bq97jfArFVK
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnitude+of+Drug-Drug+Interactions+in+Special+Populations&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutics&rft.au=Bettonte%2C+Sara&rft.au=Berton%2C+Mattia&rft.au=Marzolini%2C+Catia&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.issn=1999-4923&rft.eissn=1999-4923&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fpharmaceutics14040789&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4923&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4923&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4923&client=summon