Enhancing ion extraction with an inverse sheath in negative hydrogen ion sources for NBI heating
Negative hydrogen ion (H − ) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable volumetric losses of negative hydrogen ions. Here, we propose to improve the H − extraction by activating an alternative sheath mode, the electron...
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| Published in | Nuclear fusion Vol. 63; no. 9; pp. 96022 - 96036 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
IOP Publishing
01.09.2023
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0029-5515 1741-4326 |
| DOI | 10.1088/1741-4326/acec5b |
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| Abstract | Negative hydrogen ion (H
−
) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable volumetric losses of negative hydrogen ions. Here, we propose to improve the H
−
extraction by activating an alternative sheath mode, the electronegative inverse sheath, in front of the H
−
production surface, which features zero sheath acceleration for H
−
with a negative sheath potential opposite to the classic sheath. With the inverse sheath activated, the produced H
−
exhibits smaller gyration, a shorter transport path, less destructive collisions, and therefore higher extraction probability than the commonly believed space-charge-limited (SCL) sheath. Formation of the proposed electronegative inverse sheath and the SCL sheath near the H
–
-emitting surface is investigated by the continuum kinetic simulation. Dedicated theoretical analyses are also performed to characterize the electronegative inverse sheath properties, which qualitatively agree with the simulation results. We further propose that the transition between the two sheath modes can be realized by tuning the cold ion generation near the emissive boundary. The electronegative inverse sheath is always coupled with a plasma consisting of only hydrogen ions with approximately zero electron concentration, which is reminiscent of the ion–ion plasma reported in previous NBI experiments. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Negative hydrogen ion (H
−
) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable volumetric losses of negative hydrogen ions. Here, we propose to improve the H
−
extraction by activating an alternative sheath mode, the electronegative inverse sheath, in front of the H
−
production surface, which features zero sheath acceleration for H
−
with a negative sheath potential opposite to the classic sheath. With the inverse sheath activated, the produced H
−
exhibits smaller gyration, a shorter transport path, less destructive collisions, and therefore higher extraction probability than the commonly believed space-charge-limited (SCL) sheath. Formation of the proposed electronegative inverse sheath and the SCL sheath near the H
–
-emitting surface is investigated by the continuum kinetic simulation. Dedicated theoretical analyses are also performed to characterize the electronegative inverse sheath properties, which qualitatively agree with the simulation results. We further propose that the transition between the two sheath modes can be realized by tuning the cold ion generation near the emissive boundary. The electronegative inverse sheath is always coupled with a plasma consisting of only hydrogen ions with approximately zero electron concentration, which is reminiscent of the ion–ion plasma reported in previous NBI experiments. Negative hydrogen ion (H ^− ) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable volumetric losses of negative hydrogen ions. Here, we propose to improve the H ^− extraction by activating an alternative sheath mode, the electronegative inverse sheath, in front of the H ^− production surface, which features zero sheath acceleration for H ^− with a negative sheath potential opposite to the classic sheath. With the inverse sheath activated, the produced H ^− exhibits smaller gyration, a shorter transport path, less destructive collisions, and therefore higher extraction probability than the commonly believed space-charge-limited (SCL) sheath. Formation of the proposed electronegative inverse sheath and the SCL sheath near the H ^– -emitting surface is investigated by the continuum kinetic simulation. Dedicated theoretical analyses are also performed to characterize the electronegative inverse sheath properties, which qualitatively agree with the simulation results. We further propose that the transition between the two sheath modes can be realized by tuning the cold ion generation near the emissive boundary. The electronegative inverse sheath is always coupled with a plasma consisting of only hydrogen ions with approximately zero electron concentration, which is reminiscent of the ion–ion plasma reported in previous NBI experiments. |
| Author | Wang, Ying-Han Sun, An-Bang Sun, Guang-Yu Sun, Hao-Min Chen, Jian Guo, Bao-Hong Zhang, Shu Zhang, Guan-Jun Yang, Wei Yang, Xiong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guang-Yu orcidid: 0000-0001-6761-6019 surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Guang-Yu organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-0179-7854 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Wei organization: College of Science, Donghua University , Shanghai, 201620, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Jian orcidid: 0000-0001-9807-489X surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jian organization: Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai 519082, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Hao-Min orcidid: 0000-0001-7403-6450 surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Hao-Min organization: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: Bao-Hong orcidid: 0000-0001-8368-5014 surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Bao-Hong organization: Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica (CWI) , Amsterdam, Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Shu orcidid: 0000-0001-9366-7426 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Shu organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Ying-Han orcidid: 0009-0004-5888-2277 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Ying-Han organization: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland – sequence: 8 givenname: Xiong surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Xiong organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China – sequence: 9 givenname: An-Bang orcidid: 0000-0003-1918-3110 surname: Sun fullname: Sun, An-Bang organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Guan-Jun orcidid: 0000-0003-1859-0443 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Guan-Jun organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an, China |
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) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable... Negative hydrogen ion (H ^− ) sources employed in neutral beam injection (NBI) systems are subject to extraction efficiency issues due to the considerable... |
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| Title | Enhancing ion extraction with an inverse sheath in negative hydrogen ion sources for NBI heating |
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