Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in Alzheimer’s disease

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzh...

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Published inJournal of neurochemistry Vol. 156; no. 2; pp. 162 - 181
Main Authors Soares Martins, Tânia, Trindade, Dário, Vaz, Margarida, Campelo, Inês, Almeida, Martim, Trigo, Guilherme, da Cruz e Silva, Odete A. B., Henriques, Ana Gabriela
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2021
Subjects
Alzheimer Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Animals
biomarker
Biomarkers
diagnosis
Diagnostic systems
exosome
Exosomes
Humans
miRNA
Neurodegenerative diseases
Pathogenesis
therapeutics
diagnosis
therapeutics
biomarker
Alzheimer's Disease
exosome
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0022-3042
1471-4159
1471-4159
DOI10.1111/jnc.15112

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Abstract Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future. Blood‐derived exosomes as potential Alzheimer's disease biomarker resources. Exosomes can be secreted by the central nervous cells, including from neurons (in yellow) and astrocytes (in green) and cross the blood–brain barrier, being easily accessible in peripheral biofluids, like blood. These exosomes can transport Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic content, as Aβ peptide (in red), Tau (the grey curved form) and P‐Tau proteins (the grey curved form with small red dots), but also nucleic acids (in black), supporting their use as suitable tools in biomarker discovery for AD diagnostics or therapeutics.
AbstractList Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future.Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future. Blood‐derived exosomes as potential Alzheimer's disease biomarker resources. Exosomes can be secreted by the central nervous cells, including from neurons (in yellow) and astrocytes (in green) and cross the blood–brain barrier, being easily accessible in peripheral biofluids, like blood. These exosomes can transport Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic content, as Aβ peptide (in red), Tau (the grey curved form) and P‐Tau proteins (the grey curved form with small red dots), but also nucleic acids (in black), supporting their use as suitable tools in biomarker discovery for AD diagnostics or therapeutics.
Author Campelo, Inês
Trindade, Dário
Vaz, Margarida
Trigo, Guilherme
da Cruz e Silva, Odete A. B.
Soares Martins, Tânia
Almeida, Martim
Henriques, Ana Gabriela
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  surname: Vaz
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  organization: University of Aveiro
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  fullname: Campelo, Inês
  organization: University of Aveiro
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-0851-6979
  surname: Henriques
  fullname: Henriques, Ana Gabriela
  email: aghenriques@ua.pt
  organization: University of Aveiro
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618370$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2020 International Society for Neurochemistry.
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ISSN 0022-3042
1471-4159
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 04:14:54 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 19:32:13 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:07:47 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:39:38 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:59:00 EDT 2025
Wed Jan 22 16:32:06 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
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Issue 2
Keywords diagnosis
therapeutics
biomarker
Alzheimer's Disease
exosome
Language English
License 2020 International Society for Neurochemistry.
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PublicationTitle Journal of neurochemistry
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Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Snippet Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel...
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StartPage 162
SubjectTerms Alzheimer Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Animals
biomarker
Biomarkers
diagnosis
Diagnostic systems
exosome
Exosomes
Humans
miRNA
Neurodegenerative diseases
Pathogenesis
therapeutics
Title Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in Alzheimer’s disease
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjnc.15112
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618370
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2484906819
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2420135400
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