A Generic Open-Loop Algorithm for Three-Phase Grid Voltage/Current Synchronization With Particular Reference to Phase, Frequency, and Amplitude Estimation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 94 - 107
• Main Authors: Freijedo, F.D., Doval-Gandoy, J., Lopez, O., Acha, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.01.2009; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Amplitude estimation; Amplitudes; Applied sciences; Capacitors. Resistors. Filters; Circuit properties; Circuits; Circuits of signal characteristics conditioning (including delay circuits); Convertors; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical machines; Electricity; Electronic circuits; Electronics; Estimating techniques; Exact sciences and technology; Filtering; Filters; Finite impulse response filter; Frequency estimation; Frequency filters; Frequency measurement; Frequency synchronization; Grid-connected converters; Impulse response; Low pass filters; Mathematical analysis; Phase measurement; phase-locked loop (PLL); predictive control; Steady-state; Synchronism; Synchronization; Various equipment and components; Vectors (mathematics); Voltage; Performance evaluation; Parameter estimation; Input signal; Linear phase; Frequency estimation; Low frequency; Frequency shift; Digital filter; Delay time; Grid-connected converters; Phase shift; Phase synchronization; Park transformation; Algorithm; Steady state; phase-locked loop (PLL); Frequency characteristic; Linear filter; Open systems; Open loop; Three phase circuit; Phase filter; Finite impulse response filter; synchronization; Low pass filter; predictive control
• ISSN: 0885-8993; 1941-0107
• DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2005580

This paper presents a new open-loop architecture for three-phase grid synchronization based on moving average and predictive filters, where accurate measurements of phase, frequency, and amplitude are carried out in real time. Previous works establish that the fundamental positive sequence vector of a set of utility voltage/current vectors can be decoupled using Park's transformation and low-pass filters. However, the filtering process introduces delays that impair the system performance. More specifically, when the input signal frequency is shifted above the nominal, a nonzero average steady-state phase error appears in the measurements. To overcome such limitations, a suitable combination of predictive and moving average finite impulse response (FIR) filters is used by the authors to achieve a robust synchronization system for all input frequencies. Moving average filters are linear phase FIR filters that have a constant time delay at low frequencies, a characteristic that is exploited to good effect to design a predictive filter that compensates such time delays, enabling zero steady-state phase errors for shifted input frequencies. In summary, the main attributes of the new system are its good frequency adaptation, good filtering/transient response tradeoff, and the fact that its dynamics is independent of the input vector amplitude. Comprehensive experimental results validate the theoretical approach and the high performance of the proposed synchronization algorithm.