Potential Ecological Risk and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Industrial Affected Soils by Coal Mining and Metallurgy in Ostrava, Czech Republic
The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a h...
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| Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 22; p. 4495 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
14.11.2019
MDPI |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph16224495 |
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| Abstract | The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0–20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe–Cr, Pb–Cu and Mn–V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1. |
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| AbstractList | The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (I
, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PI
, C
, mC
, E
and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1. The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0–20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe–Cr, Pb–Cu and Mn–V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1. The occurrence of heavy metals and some semi-metals in the environment (soil, water and air) increases the potential intake of these usually toxic substances by the living organisms but also accumulate in various body organs (kidney, liver and bone) and cause damage to body systems (nervous, skeletal, endocrine and immune, circulatory, etc.) [7,8,9]. The main objectives of this study are (1) determination of total concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe and pollution degrees in soils in relation to industrial activities in Ostrava; (2) application and calculation of single and total complex indices for pollution assessment of soils and assessment of environmental risk in this area; (3) identification of pollution sources of heavy metals in soils from Ostrava based on multivariate statistical method; (4) identification of ecological risk in Ostrava; and (5) evaluation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk in Ostrava, as well as health risk assessment. 2. The total concentration of Cd and V were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS; ZEEnit model AAS 60—Analytical Jena). Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment Single and total complex indices were used for assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals in Ostrava (A—industrialized sites; B—sites with high urban density and traffic; and C—the peripheral part of Ostrava). The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1.The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1. |
| Author | Pavlovský, Jiří Mihočová, Silvie Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena Chovanec, Petr |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; mihocova@fch.vutbr.cz (S.M.); chovanec1987@gmail.com (P.C.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; jiri.pavlovsky@vsb.cz |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; jiri.pavlovsky@vsb.cz – name: 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; mihocova@fch.vutbr.cz (S.M.); chovanec1987@gmail.com (P.C.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Helena orcidid: 0000-0003-1590-6879 surname: Doležalová Weissmannová fullname: Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena – sequence: 2 givenname: Silvie surname: Mihočová fullname: Mihočová, Silvie – sequence: 3 givenname: Petr surname: Chovanec fullname: Chovanec, Petr – sequence: 4 givenname: Jiří surname: Pavlovský fullname: Pavlovský, Jiří |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31739633$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 by the authors. 2019 |
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| Snippet | The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of... The occurrence of heavy metals and some semi-metals in the environment (soil, water and air) increases the potential intake of these usually toxic substances... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Air pollution Analytical chemistry Carcinogens Child Cities Coal Mining Czech Republic Emissions Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollution - analysis Health risk assessment Humans Industrial Development Laboratories Metallurgy Metals Metals, Heavy - analysis Mines Outdoor air quality Quality control Risk Assessment Scientific imaging Soil - chemistry Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - analysis Spectrophotometry, Atomic Steel alloys Sulfur Trends |
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| Title | Potential Ecological Risk and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Industrial Affected Soils by Coal Mining and Metallurgy in Ostrava, Czech Republic |
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