From Digital Restitution to Structural Analysis of a Historical Adobe Building: The Escuela José Mariano Méndez in El Salvador

• Published in: Heritage Vol. 6; no. 5; pp. 4362 - 4379
• Main Authors: Santini, Silvia, Canciani, Marco, Borghese, Vittoria, Sabbatini, Valerio, Sebastiani, Claudio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Analysis; Architectural engineering; Architecture; Building construction; Building information modeling; Collaboration; Computer software industry; Cooperation; Cultural property, Protection of; Earthquakes; FEM; Geometry; HBIM; Historic buildings; historical adobe building; International economic relations; Interoperability; laser scanner; School construction; Seismic engineering; Software; Surveys; Technology application; El Salvador; United States; California; San Salvador
• ISSN: 2571-9408; 2571-9408
• DOI: 10.3390/heritage6050231

Nowadays, the research in the fields of conservation and restoration is focusing on recording large amounts of data and information in order to obtain highly accurate surveys that include most details of constructions. Documenting and surveying are fundamental activities in achieving the successful preservation of cultural heritage, but also in implementing efficient strengthening interventions of structures. The applications of methods and techniques that link the disciplines of geometrical surveys and structural analyses are still fragmented, and further research is necessary to fully transfer site information into structural models. In this article, the authors propose a methodology with which to link different restoration fields, with the aim of highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the interoperability between surveys (carried out through detailed restitution from point clouds), heritage building information modeling (HBIM), and structural analyses to connect three different disciplines. The goal is to find a synthesis model that brings together historical and geometric characteristics, but also physical–mechanical properties, for a structural evaluation through a finite element model (FEM). The case study of the Escuela José Mariano Méndez is analyzed, an extremely damaged historical adobe building in Santa Ana, the second largest city of El Salvador; it is considered fundamental to the national economy, particularly after the “coffee boom” in the late 1800s. The site, located near the historic center, is also known as “Antigua Escuela de Artes y Oficios” and embodies the architectural traditions of the region, being built in adobe and stone. Roma Tre University and the Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia (SECULTURA) are partners in this research project to document and restore the historical and cultural value of this site.