Organic semiconductor photocatalyst can bifunctionalize arenes and heteroarenes

Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here...

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Published inScience (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 365; no. 6451; pp. 360 - 366
Main Authors Ghosh, Indrajit, Khamrai, Jagadish, Savateev, Aleksandr, Shlapakov, Nikita, Antonietti, Markus, König, Burkhard
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Association for the Advancement of Science 26.07.2019
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0036-8075
1095-9203
1095-9203
DOI10.1126/science.aaw3254

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Abstract Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon–hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
AbstractList Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon–hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
Two-for-one approach to photoredoxIn photoredox catalysis, an excited chromophore typically activates a single reactant either by oxidizing or reducing it. Ghosh et al. used a semiconductor catalyst to activate two reactants at once by quenching both an excited electron and the residual positive hole (see the Perspective by Swift). As such, two different reactive carbon or halide fragments could be appended to separate sites on an aryl ring. The catalyst also tolerated strong nucleophiles such as cyanide and could be recovered easily and reused.Science, this issue p. 360; see also p. 320Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon–hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon-hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon-hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
In photoredox catalysis, an excited chromophore typically activates a single reactant either by oxidizing or reducing it. Ghosh et al. used a semiconductor catalyst to activate two reactants at once by quenching both an excited electron and the residual positive hole (see the Perspective by Swift). As such, two different reactive carbon or halide fragments could be appended to separate sites on an aryl ring. The catalyst also tolerated strong nucleophiles such as cyanide and could be recovered easily and reused. Science , this issue p. 360 ; see also p. 320 Formation of oxidizing and reducing sites on a semiconductor photocatalyst promotes double radical addition reactions. Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional electrosynthesis, the primary redox intermediates afford only separate oxidized and reduced products or, more rarely, combine to one addition product. Here, we report that a stable organic semiconductor material, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN), can act as a visible-light photoredox catalyst to orchestrate oxidative and reductive interfacial electron transfers to two different substrates in a two- or three-component system for direct twofold carbon–hydrogen functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes. The mpg-CN catalyst tolerates reactive radicals and strong nucleophiles, is straightforwardly recoverable by simple centrifugation of reaction mixtures, and is reusable for at least four catalytic transformations with conserved activity.
Author Khamrai, Jagadish
König, Burkhard
Shlapakov, Nikita
Antonietti, Markus
Ghosh, Indrajit
Savateev, Aleksandr
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  fullname: König, Burkhard
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31346061$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SSID ssj0009593
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Snippet Photoexcited electron-hole pairs on a semiconductor surface can engage in redox reactions with two different substrates. Similar to conventional...
In photoredox catalysis, an excited chromophore typically activates a single reactant either by oxidizing or reducing it. Ghosh et al. used a semiconductor...
Two-for-one approach to photoredoxIn photoredox catalysis, an excited chromophore typically activates a single reactant either by oxidizing or reducing it....
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SubjectTerms Aromatic compounds
Carbon
Carbon nitride
Catalysis
Catalysts
Centrifugation
Chromophores
Cyanides
Electrons
Holes (electron deficiencies)
Intermediates
Nucleophiles
Oxidation
Photoredox catalysis
Redox reactions
Semiconductor materials
Substrates
Title Organic semiconductor photocatalyst can bifunctionalize arenes and heteroarenes
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/26762279
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31346061
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2264398756
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2265767447
Volume 365
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