Distribution Systems Reconfiguration Based on OPF Using Benders Decomposition
This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branch...
Saved in:
| Published in | IEEE transactions on power delivery Vol. 24; no. 4; pp. 2166 - 2176 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, NY
IEEE
01.10.2009
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0885-8977 1937-4208 |
| DOI | 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2027510 |
Cover
| Abstract | This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages, and radial optimal operation of networks. A specific approach of the generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The formulation can be embedded under two stages: the first one is the master problem and is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. This stage determines the radial topology of the distribution network. The second stage is the slave problem and is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. This stage is used to determine the feasibility of the Master problem solution by means of an OPF and provides information to formulate the linear Benders cuts that connect both problems. The model is programmed in the general algebraic modeling system. The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated through three examples extracted from the literature. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages, and radial optimal operation of networks. A specific approach of the generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The formulation can be embedded under two stages: the first one is the master problem and is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. This stage determines the radial topology of the distribution network. The second stage is the slave problem and is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem. This stage is used to determine the feasibility of the Master problem solution by means of an OPF and provides information to formulate the linear Benders cuts that connect both problems. The model is programmed in the general algebraic modeling system. The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated through three examples extracted from the literature. This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, [abstract truncated by publisher]. The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages, and radial optimal operation of networks. |
| Author | Martinez-Crespo, J. Pereira, J. Khodr, H.M. Matos, M.A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: H.M. surname: Khodr fullname: Khodr, H.M. organization: GECAD-Knowledge Eng. & Decision- Support Res. Center, Electr. Eng.-Polytech. Inst. of Porto (ISEP/IPP), Porto, Portugal – sequence: 2 givenname: J. surname: Martinez-Crespo fullname: Martinez-Crespo, J. organization: Electr. Dept., Univ. Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: M.A. surname: Matos fullname: Matos, M.A. organization: Eng. & Econ. Fac., Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal – sequence: 4 givenname: J. surname: Pereira fullname: Pereira, J. organization: Eng. & Econ. Fac., Univ. of Porto, Porto, Portugal |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21960072$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
| BookMark | eNp9kU1P3DAQhq0KJBboH6CXqFLbU-j4I7F9LGxpK1GBKKhHy3FsZJR1tp7kwL-v96M9cODisUbPM9LMe0wO0pg8IWcUzikF_fn-9vfd8pwB6PIw2VB4QxZUc1kLBuqALECpplZayiNyjPgEAAI0LMjPZcQpx26e4piqX884-RVWd96NKcTHOdtt_8Ki76vyubm9qh4wpsfqwqfeZ6yWBV2tR4wb8JQcBjugf7uvJ-Th6uv95ff6-ubbj8sv17UTlE-1otRC8LQLnveq57Tr-yBCkNBQRzvbBR005UIo0VjROqmsZrwJ4EBKcJKfkE-7ues8_pk9TmYV0flhsMmPMxolG2BaSF3Ij6-SvOUcWg4FfP8CfBrnnMoWRjWqlZJJVqAPe8iis0PINrmIZp3jyuZnw6huAbac2nEuj4jZB-PitD3llG0cDAWzic1sYzOb2Mw-tqKyF-q_6a9K73ZS9N7_F5pyM9ky_hcG1KS9 |
| CODEN | ITPDE5 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2016_01_021 crossref_primary_10_1049_rpg2_12767 crossref_primary_10_1080_0305215X_2021_1897799 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3076670 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2014_2302912 crossref_primary_10_3390_en12071219 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2014_2300854 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2013_08_060 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2019_2928701 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2014_2356513 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_021_01230_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40031_013_0043_2 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2012_2218261 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2015_2425801 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2016_11_143 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12667_020_00398_5 crossref_primary_10_1002_2050_7038_12346 crossref_primary_10_36306_konjes_1093471 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2014_0860 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_segan_2025_101684 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2018_5242 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2013_07_016 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2015_05_025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2013_06_061 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2022_108183 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejor_2018_11_053 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2916227 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2013_10_051 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3107475 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12667_022_00521_8 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2016_1870 crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2016_1145763 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2011_11_015 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2016_1071 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15093063 crossref_primary_10_3390_en10122162 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2023_3283970 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2015_2424916 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2014_04_034 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2022_3148061 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2023_110009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2015_07_008 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3144665 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13051219 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3083688 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2019_101161 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2013_06_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2017_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2017_2665559 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2012_2186319 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2015_2457954 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_2050 crossref_primary_10_1002_2050_7038_12029 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2926317 crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2022_3141412 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2016_2626257 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2012_04_008 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16207185 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11831_023_10007_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asej_2014_03_009 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2014_2325746 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2011_2180406 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2012_2184307 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2012_2184306 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIA_2024_3403958 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2014_2320895 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40518_023_00221_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2019_03_131 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cie_2023_109709 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0338 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2019_2917536 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2015_2502066 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2015_07_105 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2017_2738014 crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2014_880971 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_segan_2014_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2013_0117 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2015_0367 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2019_105943 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2016_2599848 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2018_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2020_117669 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2015_1228 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12667_016_0195_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2014_06_037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2017_10_012 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_smt_2013_0106 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2014_2375160 crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2022_2134509 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2010_2052076 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2014_2360363 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2018_2877907 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2012_08_033 crossref_primary_10_1049_oap_cired_2021_0005 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2011_2179069 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2018_2815010 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3175189 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2013_11_042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2016_10_062 crossref_primary_10_3934_energy_2016_3_461 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.851937 10.1109/61.25627 10.1007/978-1-4757-4137-7_21 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.860942 10.1109/59.466509 10.1109/61.193906 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.821430 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.907543 10.1109/61.686986 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.813801 10.1007/BF00934810 10.1016/j.ijepes.2005.08.018 10.1109/59.192914 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879290 10.1109/59.761909 10.1109/PTC.1999.826473 10.1109/61.25637 10.1109/59.667402 10.1016/0378-7796(94)90029-9 10.1109/61.252650 10.1109/PTC.2001.964940 10.1109/61.871365 10.1016/S0142-0615(01)00056-4 10.1007/BF01386316 10.1049/ip-gtd:20020512 10.1049/ip-gtd:20000302 10.1109/61.141868 10.1109/59.761869 10.1109/59.852121 10.1016/0142-0615(93)90047-Q 10.1109/61.248305 10.1109/PTC.1999.826645 10.1049/ip-gtd:19990464 10.1049/ip-gtd:20000715 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2009 INIST-CNRS Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2009 INIST-CNRS – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION IQODW 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 KR7 L7M F28 |
| DOI | 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2027510 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Pascal-Francis Electronics & Communications Abstracts Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database Civil Engineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Civil Engineering Abstracts Engineering Research Database Technology Research Database Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering |
| DatabaseTitleList | Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil Engineering Abstracts |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Applied Sciences |
| EISSN | 1937-4208 |
| EndPage | 2176 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2302726701 21960072 10_1109_TPWRD_2009_2027510 5235762 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GroupedDBID | -~X .DC 0R~ 29I 3EH 4.4 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACGFS ACIWK ACKIV AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AI. AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ASUFR ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD HZ~ H~9 ICLAB IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 MS~ O9- OCL P2P RIA RIE RNS TAE TN5 TWZ VH1 VJK AAYXX CITATION IQODW RIG 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 KR7 L7M F28 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-811a0fe1bfe3d8d31bddf4ff7051c1babf9f91344845a46c78a9235f0c0770c73 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISSN | 0885-8977 |
| IngestDate | Sat Sep 27 23:14:38 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 05:27:03 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 05 00:16:50 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:13:32 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 02:52:21 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:03:46 EDT 2025 Tue Aug 26 16:47:39 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Performance evaluation Optimization method Non linear programming reconfiguration Electrical network analysis Benders decomposition optimization Optimal operation Power losses Voltage Reconfigurable architectures Load balancing Mathematical model Distribution network Substation Multistage method Mixed integer programming distribution system Nonlinear problems Algorithm Bus system optimal power flow (OPF) Optimal power flow Electrical network Feasibility Effectiveness factor |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html CC BY 4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c413t-811a0fe1bfe3d8d31bddf4ff7051c1babf9f91344845a46c78a9235f0c0770c73 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://hdl.handle.net/10216/95380 |
| PQID | 858677272 |
| PQPubID | 23500 |
| PageCount | 11 |
| ParticipantIDs | pascalfrancis_primary_21960072 proquest_journals_858677272 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TPWRD_2009_2027510 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2009_2027510 proquest_miscellaneous_875029479 proquest_miscellaneous_36330630 ieee_primary_5235762 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2009-10-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2009-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2009 text: 2009-10-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | New York, NY |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York, NY – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on power delivery |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TPWRD |
| PublicationYear | 2009 |
| Publisher | IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref35 ref13 ref12 ref37 ref15 (ref33) 2001 ref31 lin (ref14) 1998; 1 ref30 ref11 conejo (ref36) 2006 ref2 ref1 ref39 ref17 matos (ref22) 2003 ref38 ref16 ref19 ref18 nara (ref10) 1991 (ref32) 2001 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref41 ref21 geoffrion (ref27) 1972; 10 (ref34) 2001 merlin (ref3) 1975 ref28 ref29 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref6 ref5 ref40 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.851937 – start-page: 1 year: 1975 ident: ref3 article-title: search for a minimal-loss operating spanning tree configuration in an urban power distribution system publication-title: Proc Power Systems Computations Conf – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/61.25627 – start-page: 449 year: 2003 ident: ref22 publication-title: Meta-Heuristics Computer Decision-Making doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4137-7_21 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.860942 – volume: 1 start-page: 228 year: 1998 ident: ref14 article-title: an effective algorithm for distribution feeder loss reduction publication-title: Proc Int Conf Power Syst Tech – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/59.466509 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/61.193906 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.821430 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.907543 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/61.686986 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.813801 – volume: 10 start-page: 237 year: 1972 ident: ref27 article-title: generalized benders decomposition publication-title: J Optim Theory Appl doi: 10.1007/BF00934810 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2005.08.018 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/59.192914 – year: 2001 ident: ref33 publication-title: GAMS/CPLEX 7 0 User's Notes – year: 2006 ident: ref36 publication-title: Decomposition Techniques in Mathematical Programming Engineering and Science Applications – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879290 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/59.761909 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/PTC.1999.826473 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/61.25637 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1109/59.667402 – start-page: 724 year: 1991 ident: ref10 article-title: distribution system loss minimum reconfiguration by genetic algorithm publication-title: Proc 3rd Symp Expert Syst Applicat to Power Syst – year: 2001 ident: ref34 publication-title: GAMS/CONOPT – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1016/0378-7796(94)90029-9 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/61.252650 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/PTC.2001.964940 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1109/61.871365 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1016/S0142-0615(01)00056-4 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1007/BF01386316 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:20020512 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:20000302 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/61.141868 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1109/59.761869 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/59.852121 – year: 2001 ident: ref32 publication-title: GAMS-The Solver Manuals GAMS User Notes – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1016/0142-0615(93)90047-Q – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/61.248305 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/PTC.1999.826645 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:19990464 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:20000715 |
| SSID | ssj0004090 |
| Score | 2.3559012 |
| Snippet | This paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders... The objective minimizes power losses, load balancing among feeders, and is subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits... |
| SourceID | proquest pascalfrancis crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 2166 |
| SubjectTerms | Admittance Algorithms Applied sciences Benders decomposition Buses (vehicles) Capacitors Distributed power generation distribution system Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Electrical power engineering Exact sciences and technology Load flow Load management Mathematical models Miscellaneous Networks Nonlinear programming Operation. Load control. Reliability optimal power flow (OPF) Optimization Power generation Power networks and lines Power system modeling Reactive power Reconfiguration Substations Transformers |
| Title | Distribution Systems Reconfiguration Based on OPF Using Benders Decomposition |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5235762 https://www.proquest.com/docview/858677272 https://www.proquest.com/docview/36330630 https://www.proquest.com/docview/875029479 |
| Volume | 24 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1937-4208 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004090 issn: 0885-8977 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19860101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3db9MwELdKn9gDY5Rp3WD4gTdI68xxbD9SSjUhFSa0ib5F8RdCm1JEmxf-eu4cN4zBEG-WbEfOne278939jpCXVjounHVZkBoMFF67zACfM2NBOIdc1d7j08DyQ3l-VbxfidWAvO5zYbz3MfjMT7AZfflubVt8KpsKxGbBC_eBVGWXq_UrB5J17ylKiUyBUrNLkGF6ennx-dO8g6ZEU19gtuwtIRSrqmBMZL0BsoSunsUfV3OUN4t9styttAszuZ60WzOxP-6AOP7vrzwmj5LiSd90O-WADHzzhOzdgiMckeUcUXRTASyasMwpGqhN-Pql7fYKnYHccxQaHy8WNEYc0FmsR7ehc48R6ikM7Cm5Wry7fHuepXILmQVJts1Untcs-NwEz51yPDfOhSIECefW5qY2QQf00xeqEHVRWqlq0A5FYJZJyazkh2TYrBt_hPFSvvS5hq-UvBAw1UvNmCmL4ISS1o1JvqN_ZRMWOZbEuKmiTcJ0FXmGNTJ1lXg2Jq_6Od86JI5_jh4h0fuRid5jcvobm_t-uLgRqR8GnOz4XqXTvKmUQNS_M-x90ffCMUTfSt34dbupeMk5wpeNCb1nBBiG7EwXUh__fWkn5GH0VMVAwWdkuP3e-ueg8GzNadzpPwEFm_1y |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB5V5QAceBXUpdD6wA2ydWo7to-UZbVAt1RoK3qL4hdCrbKI3Vz49XgcbyhPcbNkO3JmbM-MZ-YbgGdWOiacdUWQOhoorHGFiXwujI3COZSq8R6fBuan1eycv70QF1vwYsiF8d6n4DM_xmby5bul7fCp7FAgNgteuDcE51z02Vo_siBp_6KilChUVGs2KTJUHy7OPn6Y9OCUaOwLzJe9JoZSXRWMimxWkTChr2jx2-WcJM70Lsw3a-0DTS7H3dqM7bdfYBz_92fuwZ2sepKX_V65D1u-fQC3rwES7sB8gji6uQQWyWjmBE3UNnz-1PW7hRxHyedIbLw_m5IUc0COU0W6FZl4jFHPgWAP4Xz6evFqVuSCC4WNsmxdqLJsaPClCZ455VhpnAs8BBlPri1NY4IO6KnniouGV1aqJuqHIlBLpaRWskew3S5bv4sRU77ypY5fqRgXcaqXmlJT8eCEktaNoNzQv7YZjRyLYlzVySqhuk48wyqZus48G8HzYc6XHovjn6N3kOjDyEzvEez_xOahP17diNUfB-xt-F7n87yqlUDcvyPsPRh640FE70rT-mW3qlnFGAKYjYD8ZUQ0DemR5lI__vPSDuDmbDE_qU_enL7bg1vJb5XCBp_A9vpr559G9Wdt9tOu_w5rAQDO |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Distribution+Systems+Reconfiguration+Based+on+OPF+Using+Benders+Decomposition&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+power+delivery&rft.au=Khodr%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=Martinez-Crespo%2C+J.&rft.au=Matos%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Pereira%2C+J.&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.issn=0885-8977&rft.eissn=1937-4208&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2166&rft.epage=2176&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTPWRD.2009.2027510&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TPWRD_2009_2027510 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-8977&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-8977&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-8977&client=summon |