Design Strategies of S8 Molecule Cathodes for Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries

Sodium–sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium–sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique...

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Published inNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 330
Main Authors Shi, Sha-Sha, Cai, Zi-Qi, Lu, Chen-Kai, Li, Jing, Geng, Nan-Nan, Lin, Dong-Tao, Yang, Tao, Liu, Tao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 20.02.2025
MDPI
Subjects
Adsorption
Batteries
Carbon fibers
catalyst strategy
Catalysts
cathode
Cathodes
conversion pathway
Cost effectiveness
Design
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Heterojunctions
High temperature
Intermediates
Lithium
Load
Na-S batteries
nanostructure engineering
Operating temperature
Raw materials
Review
Room temperature
Sodium
Sodium sulfur batteries
Storage capacity
Sulfur
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI10.3390/nano15050330

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Abstract Sodium–sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium–sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S8 molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
AbstractList Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S8 molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium-sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S8 molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
Sodium–sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium–sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S8 molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
Sodium–sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity, the abundance of raw materials, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, conventional sodium–sulfur batteries have been the subject of critique due to their high operating temperature and costly maintenance. In contrast, room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries exhibit significant advantages in these regards. The most commonly utilized cathode active material is the S 8 molecule, whose intricate transformation process plays a crucial role in enhancing battery capacity. However, this process concomitantly generates a substantial quantity of polysulfide intermediates, leading to diminished kinetics and reduced cathode utilization efficiency. The pivotal strategy is the design of catalysts with adsorption and catalytic functionalities, which can be applied to the cathode. Herein, we present a summary of the current research progress in terms of nanostructure engineering, catalyst strategies, and regulating sulfur species conversion pathways from the perspective of high-performance host design strategy. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic performance is provided from four perspectives: metal catalysts, compound catalysts, atomically dispersed catalysts, and heterojunctions. Finally, we analyze the bottlenecks and challenges, offering some thoughts and suggestions for overcoming these issues.
Author Shi, Sha-Sha
Lin, Dong-Tao
Cai, Zi-Qi
Yang, Tao
Lu, Chen-Kai
Geng, Nan-Nan
Li, Jing
Liu, Tao
AuthorAffiliation 2 Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; 202100501059@stumail.sztu.edu.cn (Z.-Q.C.); luchenkai0818@163.com (C.-K.L.); lijing0708@163.com (J.L.); dongtao_lin@163.com (D.-T.L.)
3 TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; sss450802@163.com (S.-S.S.); gnn0420@outlook.com (N.-N.G.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; sss450802@163.com (S.-S.S.); gnn0420@outlook.com (N.-N.G.)
– name: 3 TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
– name: 2 Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; 202100501059@stumail.sztu.edu.cn (Z.-Q.C.); luchenkai0818@163.com (C.-K.L.); lijing0708@163.com (J.L.); dongtao_lin@163.com (D.-T.L.)
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Snippet Sodium–sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity,...
Sodium-sulfur batteries have been provided as a highly attractive solution for large-scale energy storage, benefiting from their substantial storage capacity,...
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StartPage 330
SubjectTerms Adsorption
Batteries
Carbon fibers
catalyst strategy
Catalysts
cathode
Cathodes
conversion pathway
Cost effectiveness
Design
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Heterojunctions
High temperature
Intermediates
Lithium
Load
Na-S batteries
nanostructure engineering
Operating temperature
Raw materials
Review
Room temperature
Sodium
Sodium sulfur batteries
Storage capacity
Sulfur
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Title Design Strategies of S8 Molecule Cathodes for Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries
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Volume 15
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