Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor
Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical impli...
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| Published in | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry Vol. 16; no. 15; pp. 7516 - 7524 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2008
Elsevier Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0968-0896 1464-3391 1464-3391 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.067 |
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| Abstract | Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used
19F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of
Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC
50s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood–brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases. |
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| AbstractList | Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used (19)F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC(50)s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases.Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used (19)F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC(50)s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases. Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used (19)F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC(50)s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases. Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used 19F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC 50s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood–brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases. Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications. In a previous work, we used super(19)F NMR to search for new prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors from a library of traditional Chinese medicine plant extracts, and identified several extracts as powerful inhibitors of this peptidase. Here, the flavonoid baicalin was isolated as the active component of an extract of Scutellaria baicalensis roots having prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. Baicalin inhibited prolyl oligopeptidase in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition experiments using baicalin analogs showed that the sugar moiety was not necessary for activity. The IC sub(50)s of baicalin and its aglycone derivative baicalein were rather similar, showing that the sugar moiety was not involved in the interaction of baicalin with POP. These results were confirmed by saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. To further understand the absorption and transport mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein, we evaluated their transport in vitro through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain barrier using a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay. The molecule which potentially crosses both barriers was identified as baicalein, the aglycone moiety of baicalin. Our results show that baicalin is a new prodrug able to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase. As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases. |
| Author | Prades, Roger Kichik, Nessim Tarragó, Teresa Teixidó, Meritxell Claasen, Birgit Giralt, Ernest |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Teresa surname: Tarragó fullname: Tarragó, Teresa organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Nessim surname: Kichik fullname: Kichik, Nessim organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Birgit surname: Claasen fullname: Claasen, Birgit organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 4 givenname: Roger surname: Prades fullname: Prades, Roger organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 5 givenname: Meritxell surname: Teixidó fullname: Teixidó, Meritxell organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 6 givenname: Ernest surname: Giralt fullname: Giralt, Ernest email: ernest.giralt@irbbarcelona.org organization: Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain |
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| Keywords | BD STD BLM BBB PBLEP DMSO FP-Rh MeCN Prolyl oligopeptidase Schizophrenia CNS Cognitive disorders TFA DPPIV AMC IP 3 Z STD NMR HPLC Baicalin SZ Bipolar affective disorder Traditional Chinese medicine PAMPA PVDF POP GIT POP inhibitors Baicalein TCM Extract Flavonoid Blood brain barrier Medicinal plant Dose activity relation Absorption Folk medicine Dicotyledones Angiospermae Glycoside Digestive tract Below ground plant part Serine endopeptidases Cell permeability Root Enzyme Pharmacognosy Enzyme inhibitor Artificial membrane Prodrug Biological activity Peptidases Labiatae Plant origin Uronic acid Flavone derivatives Hydrolases Spermatophyta Skin Scutellaria baicalensis Pharmacokinetics |
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| Snippet | Prolyl oligopeptidase is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been... |
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| SubjectTerms | Baicalein Baicalin Biological and medical sciences Bipolar affective disorder Cognitive disorders Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Enzyme Inhibitors - chemistry Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Flavanones - chemistry Flavanones - pharmacology Flavonoids - chemistry Flavonoids - pharmacology Fluorine NMR General pharmacology Medical sciences Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments POP inhibitors Prolyl oligopeptidase Schizophrenia Scutellaria baicalensis Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism STD NMR Structure-Activity Relationship Traditional Chinese medicine |
| Title | Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor |
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