Intermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease

Background: Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a val...

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Published in	International journal of cardiology Vol. 96; no. 2; pp. 247 - 254
Main Authors	Burtscher, Martin, Pachinger, Otmar, Ehrenbourg, Igor, Mitterbauer, Günther, Faulhaber, Martin, Pühringer, Reinhard, Tkatchouk, Elena
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Netherlands Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.08.2004
Subjects	Aerobic capacity Aged Coronary artery disease Coronary Artery Disease - physiopathology Double-Blind Method Elderly Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Exercise tolerance Exercise Tolerance - physiology Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypoxia Intermittent hypoxia Male Middle Aged Oxygen Consumption - physiology Reference Values Risk Assessment Intermittent hypoxia Aerobic capacity Exercise tolerance Elderly Coronary artery disease
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ISSN	0167-5273 1874-1754
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.07.021

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Abstract	Background: Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking. Methods and results: Sixteen males (50–70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14–10% oxygen) periods (3–5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+6.2% vs.−3%, p<0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia ( r=0.9, p<0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p<0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Three weeks of passive short-term intermittent hypoxic exposures increased aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease.
AbstractList	Background: Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking. Methods and results: Sixteen males (50–70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14–10% oxygen) periods (3–5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+6.2% vs.−3%, p<0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia ( r=0.9, p<0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p<0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Three weeks of passive short-term intermittent hypoxic exposures increased aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease. Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking. Sixteen males (50-70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14-10% oxygen) periods (3-5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+ 6.2% vs.-3%, p < 0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p < 0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. Three weeks of passive short-term intermittent hypoxic exposures increased aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease. Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking.BACKGROUNDIntermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking.Sixteen males (50-70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14-10% oxygen) periods (3-5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+ 6.2% vs.-3%, p < 0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p < 0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction.METHODS AND RESULTSSixteen males (50-70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14-10% oxygen) periods (3-5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+ 6.2% vs.-3%, p < 0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p < 0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction.Three weeks of passive short-term intermittent hypoxic exposures increased aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease.CONCLUSIONSThree weeks of passive short-term intermittent hypoxic exposures increased aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease.
Author	Mitterbauer, Günther Pachinger, Otmar Faulhaber, Martin Ehrenbourg, Igor Tkatchouk, Elena Burtscher, Martin Pühringer, Reinhard
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Martin surname: Burtscher fullname: Burtscher, Martin email: Martin.Burtscher@uibk.ac.at organization: Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Otmar surname: Pachinger fullname: Pachinger, Otmar organization: Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Igor surname: Ehrenbourg fullname: Ehrenbourg, Igor organization: Clinical Research Laboratory, Hypoxia Medical Academy, 3, Ivankovskoye shosse, 123367 Moscow, Russia – sequence: 4 givenname: Günther surname: Mitterbauer fullname: Mitterbauer, Günther organization: Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Martin surname: Faulhaber fullname: Faulhaber, Martin organization: Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 6 givenname: Reinhard surname: Pühringer fullname: Pühringer, Reinhard organization: Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria – sequence: 7 givenname: Elena surname: Tkatchouk fullname: Tkatchouk, Elena organization: Clinical Research Laboratory, Hypoxia Medical Academy, 3, Ivankovskoye shosse, 123367 Moscow, Russia
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262041$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Intermittent hypoxia Aerobic capacity Exercise tolerance Elderly Coronary artery disease
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Snippet	Background: Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the... Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of...
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SubjectTerms	Aerobic capacity Aged Coronary artery disease Coronary Artery Disease - physiopathology Double-Blind Method Elderly Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Exercise tolerance Exercise Tolerance - physiology Follow-Up Studies Humans Hypoxia Intermittent hypoxia Male Middle Aged Oxygen Consumption - physiology Reference Values Risk Assessment
Title	Intermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease
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