Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation increases eye‐gaze on salient facial features and oxytocin release
Non‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence...
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Published in | Psychophysiology Vol. 59; no. 11; pp. e14107 - n/a |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0048-5772 1469-8986 1469-8986 1540-5958 |
DOI | 10.1111/psyp.14107 |
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Abstract | Non‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye‐tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham‐controlled, participant‐blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30‐min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30‐min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release.
Our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on social cognition. We found that taVNS increased visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release, suggesting that taVNS may be a promising therapeutic treatment for disorders with social dysfunctions (i.e., autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety). |
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AbstractList | Non‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye‐tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham‐controlled, participant‐blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30‐min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30‐min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release. Non‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye‐tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham‐controlled, participant‐blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30‐min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30‐min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release. Our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on social cognition. We found that taVNS increased visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release, suggesting that taVNS may be a promising therapeutic treatment for disorders with social dysfunctions (i.e., autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety). Non-invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye-tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham-controlled, participant-blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30-min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30-min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release.Non-invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye-tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham-controlled, participant-blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30-min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30-min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release. |
Author | Qing, Yanan Zhao, Weihua Kendrick, Keith M. Ding, Fangyuan Zhang, Yingying Zhang, Rong Yao, Shuxia Zhu, Siyu Zhang, Xiaolu |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Siyu orcidid: 0000-0002-5851-742X surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Siyu organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yanan surname: Qing fullname: Qing, Yanan organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yingying surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yingying organization: Ulm University – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiaolu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaolu organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 5 givenname: Fangyuan orcidid: 0000-0001-6941-8219 surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Fangyuan organization: Southwest University – sequence: 6 givenname: Rong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Rong organization: Peking University – sequence: 7 givenname: Shuxia surname: Yao fullname: Yao, Shuxia organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 8 givenname: Keith M. orcidid: 0000-0002-0371-5904 surname: Kendrick fullname: Kendrick, Keith M. email: k.kendrick.uestc@gmail.com organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 9 givenname: Weihua orcidid: 0000-0003-1780-4606 surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Weihua email: zarazhao@uestc.edu.cn organization: Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35638321$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | oxytocin eye-tracking face emotion recognition fixation duration transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation |
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Snippet | Non‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain,... Non-invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain,... |
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SubjectTerms | Attention Cognition Cognition & reasoning Electrical stimuli Epilepsy Eye eye‐tracking face emotion recognition fixation duration Motivation Nose Oxytocin Saliva Social interactions transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation Vagus nerve Visual perception |
Title | Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation increases eye‐gaze on salient facial features and oxytocin release |
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