Multi-residue analysis of several high-production-volume chemicals present in the particulate matter from outdoor air. A preliminary human exposure estimation
A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in...
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| Published in | Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 252; p. 126514 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 1879-1298 1879-1298 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126514 |
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| Abstract | A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m−3) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%.
Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m−3. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results.
[Display omitted]
-PLE achieves high recovery values (>80%) for most of the compounds.-PLE/GC-MS is a reliable technique to determine HPVCs at low levels (pg m−3).-Phthalate esters are ubiquitous in the atmospheric particles of both sampling sites.-The highest human exposure was to DEHP and DiBP, being the greatest for children.-No significant risk via ambient inhalation was assessed in this study. |
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| AbstractList | A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m
) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%. Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m
. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results. A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m−3) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%. Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m−3. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results. [Display omitted] -PLE achieves high recovery values (>80%) for most of the compounds.-PLE/GC-MS is a reliable technique to determine HPVCs at low levels (pg m−3).-Phthalate esters are ubiquitous in the atmospheric particles of both sampling sites.-The highest human exposure was to DEHP and DiBP, being the greatest for children.-No significant risk via ambient inhalation was assessed in this study. A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m-3) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%. Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m-3. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results.A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m-3) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%. Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m-3. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results. A multi-residue method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with pressurised liquid extraction was developed to determine seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), six phthalate esters (PAEs), four benzotriazoles (BTRs), five benzothiazoles (BTHs) and four benzenesulfonamides (BSAs) in particulate matter samples from outdoor air. All of these compounds are among the named high-production volume chemicals (HPVCs) and some of them have shown to be harmful to human, therefore they have been subject for legal regulation in order to control their production and usage. Under optimised conditions, high recovery values (>80%) and low detection limits (pg m⁻³) were obtained for most of the compounds with accuracy values between 83% and 118%.Some samples from two locations surrounded by different industry activities showed the widespread occurrence of all the PAEs, followed by some OPEs. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant compound with concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 97.7 ng m⁻³. With the concentrations found, estimated daily intakes through outdoor inhalation were calculated for each contaminant and for different population groups classified by age (infants, children and adults) in two possible exposure scenarios (low and high). Then, hazard quotients and carcinogenic risks were estimated for several compounds, those that had toxicological parameters available. This preliminary result showed no significant risks via ambient inhalation for the exposed population, however more research is needed to confirm the present results. |
| ArticleNumber | 126514 |
| Author | Pecikoza, Irma Marcé, Rosa Maria Borrull, Francesc Maceira, Alba |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32200176$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_141167 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_30567_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2020_124316 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enceco_2025_01_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_118750 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_124697 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00216_024_05593_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2022_114195 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trac_2022_116743 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11357_024_01119_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_024_02059_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_166352 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_163381 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_talo_2021_100057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2021_117487 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_120107 crossref_primary_10_1039_D5VA00001G crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_23103_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aca_2023_341862 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2022_134639 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_18784_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apr_2023_101949 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2023_113729 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chroma_2023_463841 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fct_2023_113625 |
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| Keywords | phthalic acid esters benzotriazoles pressurised liquid extraction benzothiazoles Risk characterization Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quartz fibre filters gas chromatography benzenesulfonamides organophosphate esters particulate matter Outdoor air particulate matter samples high-Production volume chemicals mass spectrometry Human inhalation exposure estimated daily intake |
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| Title | Multi-residue analysis of several high-production-volume chemicals present in the particulate matter from outdoor air. A preliminary human exposure estimation |
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