The Results and Developments of the Radon Monitoring Network in Seismic Areas

• Published in: Atmosphere Vol. 14; no. 7; p. 1061
• Main Authors: Toader, Victorin Emilian, Ionescu, Constantin, Moldovan, Iren-Adelina, Marmureanu, Alexandru, Brisan, Nicoleta-Sanda, Lıngvay, Iosif, Mihai, Andrei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2023
• Subjects: air ionization monitoring; Algorithms; Analysis; Anomalies; anomaly detection; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide emissions; Case studies; Climate change; Data analysis; Datasets; Detection; Earthquake prediction; Earthquakes; Emission measurements; Emissions; Environmental aspects; Fault lines; Forecasting; Geological faults; Global warming; Global warming effects; Influence; Measurement; Metadata; Meteorological data; Monitoring; Mud volcanoes; multidisciplinary monitoring; OEF (operational earthquake forecasting); Pollution effects; precursor phenomena; Radon; radon and CO2 monitoring; Radon levels; Romania; Seismic activity; Seismic waves; Seismic zones; Seismicity; Tectonics; Volcanoes; Romania; Carpathian Mountains; Turkey
• ISSN: 2073-4433; 2073-4433
• DOI: 10.3390/atmos14071061

The analysis of the relationship between radon and seismicity was previously carried out in the seismic zone of Vrancea (Romania), positioning the measuring stations on tectonic faults. This article analyzed the evolution of radon under conditions of deep and surface seismicity and the presence of mud volcanoes, as well as fires caused by gasses emanating from the ground. The monitoring area was extended to the Black Sea and the area of the Făgăraș-Câmpulung fault, where a special radon detection system was established and proposed for patenting. The case study was the impact of the earthquakes in Turkey (7.8 R and 7.5 R on 6 February 2023) on the seismically active areas in Romania in terms of gas emissions (radon, CO2). The main analysis methods for radon (we also included CO2) were applied to integrated time series and the use of anomaly detection algorithms. Data analysis showed that the effects of global warming led to variations in seasonal gas emissions compared to previous years. This made it difficult to analyze the data and correlate it with seismicity. Several of the cases presented require more in-depth analysis to determine the cause of the unusually high radon levels. The primary purpose of establishing the monitoring network is to use the gas emissions as seismic precursors, but the measurements are affected by the conditions under which the monitoring is conducted. In some cases, we are dealing with the effects of pollution, and in other cases, more extensive studies are required. One solution we plan to use is to expand the measurement points to locate the source of the anomalies and use weather data to determine the impact of global warming on the measurements. The main conclusions related to the development of a radon monitoring network and, in general, to the emission of gasses in earthquake-prone areas relate to the importance of the choice of equipment, monitoring location, and installation method.