Genomic Immune Evasion: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex,...

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Published inJournal of clinical medicine Vol. 11; no. 24; p. 7259
Main Authors Kirtane, Kedar, St. John, Maie, Fuentes-Bayne, Harry, Patel, Sandip P., Mardiros, Armen, Xu, Han, Ng, Eric W., Go, William Y., Wong, Deborah J., Sunwoo, John B., Welch, John S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 07.12.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Alcohol
Bias
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Carcinogens
Cell cycle
Chemotherapy
Clinical medicine
Disease
Head & neck cancer
Human papillomavirus
Immunotherapy
Larynx
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Mutation
Patients
Quality of life
Review
Smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma
Throat cancer
Tobacco
Tumors
Womens health
immune evasion
loss of heterozygosity (LOH)
HNSCC
biomarkers
immuno-oncology
therapeutic targets
HLA
head and neck cancers
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ISSN2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI10.3390/jcm11247259

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Abstract Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and TP53 mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in TP53 and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
AbstractList Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and TP53 mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in TP53 and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and TP53 mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in TP53 and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and TP53 mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in TP53 and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and TP53 mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in TP53 and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
Author Go, William Y.
Patel, Sandip P.
Xu, Han
St. John, Maie
Fuentes-Bayne, Harry
Kirtane, Kedar
Ng, Eric W.
Sunwoo, John B.
Welch, John S.
Wong, Deborah J.
Mardiros, Armen
AuthorAffiliation 6 Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
3 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
4 Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
1 Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
5 A2 Biotherapeutics, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
2 Otolaryngology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Keywords immune evasion
loss of heterozygosity (LOH)
HNSCC
biomarkers
immuno-oncology
therapeutic targets
HLA
head and neck cancers
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Snippet Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx,...
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SubjectTerms Alcohol
Bias
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Carcinogens
Cell cycle
Chemotherapy
Clinical medicine
Disease
Head & neck cancer
Human papillomavirus
Immunotherapy
Larynx
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Mutation
Patients
Quality of life
Review
Smoking
Squamous cell carcinoma
Throat cancer
Tobacco
Tumors
Womens health
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Title Genomic Immune Evasion: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555876
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2756724328
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2758108238
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9781632
Volume 11
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