Phase-Only Space-Time Adaptive Processing
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by coherently combining signals from a phased antenna array (spatial domain) with multiple radar pulses (temporal domain). As widely demonstrated, o...
Saved in:
| Published in | IEEE access Vol. 9; pp. 147250 - 147263 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Piscataway
IEEE
2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2169-3536 2169-3536 |
| DOI | 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3122837 |
Cover
| Abstract | Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by coherently combining signals from a phased antenna array (spatial domain) with multiple radar pulses (temporal domain). As widely demonstrated, optimum STAP, in the sense of maximizing the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), is a coherent, linear, transversal filter (i.e., tapped delay line), that can be synthesized by a complex-valued weight vector. This paper extends previous work that focused on adaptive spatial-only nulling; it derives the optimum phase-only STAP, namely, the optimal weight vector that maximizes the SINR subject to the constraint it belongs to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-torus of phase-only complex vectors, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of spatio-temporal degrees of freedom. Because this problem does not admit a closed-form solution, it is solved numerically using the phase-only conjugate gradient method (CGM). The effectiveness of phase-only STAP is demonstrated using both SINR values and receiving beampattern shape, comparing it with the optimum fully-adapted STAP and the nonadapted beam former responses as well as other possible counterparts. Additionally, several analyses of practical utility also demonstrate the benefits provided by phase-only STAP. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by coherently combining signals from a phased antenna array (spatial domain) with multiple radar pulses (temporal domain). As widely demonstrated, optimum STAP, in the sense of maximizing the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), is a coherent, linear, transversal filter (i.e., tapped delay line), that can be synthesized by a complex-valued weight vector. This paper extends previous work that focused on adaptive spatial-only nulling; it derives the optimum phase-only STAP, namely, the optimal weight vector that maximizes the SINR subject to the constraint it belongs to the [Formula Omitted]-torus of phase-only complex vectors, where [Formula Omitted] is the number of spatio-temporal degrees of freedom. Because this problem does not admit a closed-form solution, it is solved numerically using the phase-only conjugate gradient method (CGM). The effectiveness of phase-only STAP is demonstrated using both SINR values and receiving beampattern shape, comparing it with the optimum fully-adapted STAP and the nonadapted beam former responses as well as other possible counterparts. Additionally, several analyses of practical utility also demonstrate the benefits provided by phase-only STAP. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by coherently combining signals from a phased antenna array (spatial domain) with multiple radar pulses (temporal domain). As widely demonstrated, optimum STAP, in the sense of maximizing the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), is a coherent, linear, transversal filter (i.e., tapped delay line), that can be synthesized by a complex-valued weight vector. This paper extends previous work that focused on adaptive spatial-only nulling; it derives the optimum phase-only STAP, namely, the optimal weight vector that maximizes the SINR subject to the constraint it belongs to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula>-torus of phase-only complex vectors, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">N </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of spatio-temporal degrees of freedom. Because this problem does not admit a closed-form solution, it is solved numerically using the phase-only conjugate gradient method (CGM). The effectiveness of phase-only STAP is demonstrated using both SINR values and receiving beampattern shape, comparing it with the optimum fully-adapted STAP and the nonadapted beam former responses as well as other possible counterparts. Additionally, several analyses of practical utility also demonstrate the benefits provided by phase-only STAP. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by coherently combining signals from a phased antenna array (spatial domain) with multiple radar pulses (temporal domain). As widely demonstrated, optimum STAP, in the sense of maximizing the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), is a coherent, linear, transversal filter (i.e., tapped delay line), that can be synthesized by a complex-valued weight vector. This paper extends previous work that focused on adaptive spatial-only nulling; it derives the optimum phase-only STAP, namely, the optimal weight vector that maximizes the SINR subject to the constraint it belongs to the <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math>-torus of phase-only complex vectors, where <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math> is the number of spatio-temporal degrees of freedom. Because this problem does not admit a closed-form solution, it is solved numerically using the phase-only conjugate gradient method (CGM). The effectiveness of phase-only STAP is demonstrated using both SINR values and receiving beampattern shape, comparing it with the optimum fully-adapted STAP and the nonadapted beam former responses as well as other possible counterparts. Additionally, several analyses of practical utility also demonstrate the benefits provided by phase-only STAP. |
| Author | Giunta, Gaetano Pallotta, Luca Farina, Alfonso Smith, Steven Thomas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Luca orcidid: 0000-0002-6918-0383 surname: Pallotta fullname: Pallotta, Luca email: luca.pallotta@uniroma3.it organization: Industrial, Electronics, and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Alfonso orcidid: 0000-0003-3247-2427 surname: Farina fullname: Farina, Alfonso organization: Selex ES, Rome, Italy (retired) – sequence: 3 givenname: Steven Thomas orcidid: 0000-0003-0730-0535 surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Steven Thomas organization: Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Gaetano orcidid: 0000-0002-1514-2576 surname: Giunta fullname: Giunta, Gaetano organization: Industrial, Electronics, and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy |
| BookMark | eNqFkU1LAzEQhoMoWD9-gZeCJw9b87Hpbo6lVC0ICq3nMNmd1JR1syZbpf_erVuK6MEckjDM84R5c0aOa18jIVeMjhij6nYync4WixGnnI0E4zwX2REZcDZWiZBifPzjfkouY1zTbuVdSWYDcvP8ChGTp7raDhcNFJgs3RsOJyU0rfvA4XPwBcbo6tUFObFQRbzcn-fk5W62nD4kj0_38-nkMSlSmrcJWpNJI6iymS1Km1pjpFAGUAqAEoAxlVPFAMeQsm4zHJQFVUrDmKVZJs7JvPeWHta6Ce4NwlZ7cPq74MNKQ2hdUaE2XJpUGRTU0NRkJmcpKIFcWQvAs3HnSnvXpm5g-wlVdRAyqnfpaSh28-ldenqfXodd91gT_PsGY6vXfhPqbmrNZRcbZ4Krrkv0XUXwMQa0f9z9z_x2q19U4Vpona_bAK76h73qWYeIh9eUzGWaK_EFDJ2bbA |
| CODEN | IAECCG |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3156638 crossref_primary_10_1109_LCOMM_2023_3319602 crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2024_3382620 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16152865 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15174334 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTARS_2025_3542421 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sigpro_2023_109094 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15215187 crossref_primary_10_3390_s22197526 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1049/ecej:19990103 10.1109/TAES.2003.1188909 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316473 10.1109/TSP.2017.2757913 10.1109/7.845257 10.1109/TSP.2013.2273444 10.1109/78.771033 10.1049/ic:19980241 10.1109/CAMSAP45676.2019.9022466 10.1109/TAES.2013.6404093 10.1109/TSP.2012.2226162 10.1109/7.892662 10.1109/PAST.1996.566114 10.1109/EUMA.1995.337008 10.1109/TAES.1984.310453 10.1109/TAES.2009.4805263 10.1109/TSP.2020.2977271 10.1109/TSP.2020.2983833 10.1049/PBRA014E_ch9 10.1109/ICR.1996.574610 10.1109/7.845255 10.1109/TAES.1974.307893 10.1137/S0895479895290954 10.1109/MSP.2006.1593337 10.1109/TAES.2018.2867699 10.1109/TAES.2006.248216 10.1109/TSP.2017.2787115 10.1109/ARRAY.2013.6731901 10.6028/jres.049.044 10.1109/TSP.2016.2633242 10.1109/TSP.2016.2569431 10.1109/TAP.1976.1141415 10.1049/ecej:19990107 10.1109/MAES.2016.150216 10.1109/TSP.2009.2032993 10.1109/7.845251 10.1109/7.845233 10.1109/TSP.2013.2285511 10.1109/7.135446 10.1049/PBRA014E_ch3 10.1109/TSP.2010.2053029 10.1109/TSP.2017.2778684 10.1109/TSP.2007.914347 10.1109/TAES.1973.309792 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021 |
| DBID | 97E ESBDL RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D ADTOC UNPAY DOA |
| DOI | 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3122837 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE Xplore Open Access Journals IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Materials Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace METADEX Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitleList | Materials Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 2169-3536 |
| EndPage | 147263 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_b25b49be30b04b7b814a93e29ffaa276 10.1109/access.2021.3122837 10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3122837 9585489 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Università degli Studi Roma Tre; University of Roma Tre funderid: 10.13039/100008991 – fundername: Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force grantid: FA8702-15-D-0001 |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR ABAZT ABVLG ACGFS ADBBV AGSQL ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD ESBDL GROUPED_DOAJ IPLJI JAVBF KQ8 M43 M~E O9- OCL OK1 RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D ADTOC UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-efb75b309f7fcdf4fbb539bae53aadaa1198091ae6a41e6ab2a9fa9d5b11f0773 |
| IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
| ISSN | 2169-3536 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:51:52 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 26 04:17:41 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 03:58:55 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:09:27 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 04:57:40 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:26:44 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode cc-by |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c408t-efb75b309f7fcdf4fbb539bae53aadaa1198091ae6a41e6ab2a9fa9d5b11f0773 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1514-2576 0000-0003-0730-0535 0000-0003-3247-2427 0000-0002-6918-0383 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09585489.pdf |
| PQID | 2595721329 |
| PQPubID | 4845423 |
| PageCount | 14 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2595721329 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b25b49be30b04b7b814a93e29ffaa276 unpaywall_primary_10_1109_access_2021_3122837 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3122837 ieee_primary_9585489 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3122837 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20210000 2021-00-00 20210101 2021-01-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2021 text: 20210000 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Piscataway |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Piscataway |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE access |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Access |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref56 ref14 ref53 ref52 ref55 ref11 ref54 ref10 ref19 ref18 ward (ref2) 1994 ref51 ref50 farina (ref12) 1999; 11 klemm (ref4) 2002 ref46 ref45 smith (ref41) 1994; 3 ref48 ref47 ref49 farina (ref16) 1998 ref8 van loan (ref44) 1983 ref9 smith (ref42) 1994 ref6 ref5 ref40 ref35 ref34 ref37 ref36 ref31 ref30 ref33 ref32 ref1 farina (ref13) 2002 ref39 smith (ref3) 2001 farina (ref7) 2002 smith (ref43) 1993 farina (ref17) 1999; 11 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref28 ref27 ref29 billingsley (ref15) 1997 farina (ref38) 1992 |
| References_xml | – volume: 11 start-page: 13 year: 1999 ident: ref12 article-title: real-time stap techniques publication-title: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal doi: 10.1049/ecej:19990103 – start-page: 11 year: 1998 ident: ref16 article-title: Non-linear STAP processing (software tools demonstration) publication-title: Proc Colloq Digest-IEE – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/TAES.2003.1188909 – volume: 3 start-page: 113 year: 1994 ident: ref41 article-title: Optimization techniques on Riemannian manifolds publication-title: Fields Inst Commun – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/NRC.2004.1316473 – ident: ref53 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2017.2757913 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/7.845257 – ident: ref51 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2273444 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/78.771033 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1049/ic:19980241 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/CAMSAP45676.2019.9022466 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/TAES.2013.6404093 – year: 1992 ident: ref38 publication-title: Antenna-Based Signal Processing Techniques for Radar Systems – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2012.2226162 – start-page: 3.1 year: 2002 ident: ref7 article-title: STAP for SAR publication-title: Proc NATO RTO Seminar (Mil Appl STAP) – ident: ref49 doi: 10.1109/7.892662 – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1109/PAST.1996.566114 – ident: ref48 doi: 10.1109/EUMA.1995.337008 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/TAES.1984.310453 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/TAES.2009.4805263 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.2977271 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.2983833 – year: 2002 ident: ref4 publication-title: Principles of Space-Time Adaptive Processing – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1049/PBRA014E_ch9 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/ICR.1996.574610 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/7.845255 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1109/TAES.1974.307893 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1137/S0895479895290954 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/MSP.2006.1593337 – ident: ref55 doi: 10.1109/TAES.2018.2867699 – year: 1983 ident: ref44 publication-title: Matrix Computations – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/TAES.2006.248216 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2017.2787115 – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1109/ARRAY.2013.6731901 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.6028/jres.049.044 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2016.2633242 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2016.2569431 – start-page: 290 year: 1997 ident: ref15 article-title: impact of experimentally measured doppler spectrum of ground clutter on mti and stap publication-title: Proceedings of Radar Systems (Conf Publ No 449) – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TAP.1976.1141415 – volume: 11 start-page: 41 year: 1999 ident: ref17 article-title: nonlinear stap processing publication-title: Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal doi: 10.1049/ecej:19990107 – ident: ref56 doi: 10.1109/MAES.2016.150216 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2009.2032993 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/7.845251 – start-page: 6.1 year: 2002 ident: ref13 article-title: Algorithms for real-time processing publication-title: Proc NATO RTO Seminar (Mil Appl STAP) – start-page: 2 year: 1994 ident: ref42 article-title: Conjugate gradient and Newton methods for optimal phase-only adaptive nulling publication-title: Proc Adapt Antenna Syst Symp – year: 1994 ident: ref2 article-title: Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/7.845233 – ident: ref52 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2285511 – year: 1993 ident: ref43 article-title: Geometric optimization methods for adaptive filtering – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1109/7.135446 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1049/PBRA014E_ch3 – ident: ref50 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2010.2053029 – ident: ref54 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2017.2778684 – year: 2001 ident: ref3 article-title: Adaptive radar publication-title: Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2007.914347 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/TAES.1973.309792 |
| SSID | ssj0000816957 |
| Score | 2.2835934 |
| Snippet | Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a well-known and effective method to detect targets, obscured by interference, from airborne radars that works by... |
| SourceID | doaj unpaywall proquest crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 147250 |
| SubjectTerms | adaptive radar receiver Antenna arrays Beamforming Clutter Conjugate gradient method Covariance matrices Delay lines Domains Doppler radar gradient descent method Interference Mathematical analysis Optimization phase-only adaptive nulling phase-only STAP Radar Radar antennas Radar signal processing Signal to noise ratio space time adaptive processing (STAP) Space-time adaptive processing Spaceborne radar Spacetime Target detection Toruses Transversal filters |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Pq9NAEF7kXdSDPK1ife9JDl4EQ3eT3ezOsa9YHoI_QB-82zKT7OKhxPJskf73zibb0iLoxUsOyWSZzCQz8yWZb4R4ozsOcYQqfR9kgKIxlGg4GHbI5bLT0BqXGoU_fmpubvWHO3N3NOor_RM20gOPhptRZUgDhVqS1GTJKY1QhwpiRKzsQLYtHRyBqSEGO9WAsZlmSEmYzRcLviIGhJVinDqQvpykooGxP49YOak2H277Ne5-4Wp1lHiW5-JJrhiL-ajpU_Eg9M_E4yMewYl4--U7J6Pyc7_aFV8ZBIcydXYU8w7XKZoVuRuAZZ-L2-X7b4ubMs9AKFst3aYMkayhWkK0se2ijkSmBsJgasQOUSlwnPIxNKgVb6hCiAidIaWitLZ-Ic76H314KQrQ1EZootQtlyFVTc4xkrZknSbZkJuKam8O32aC8DSnYuUHoCDBjzb0yYY-23Aq3h1OWo_8GH8Xv052PogmcuthB7vcZ5f7f7l8KibJS4dFgCGPdjAVl3uv-fwg_vSM7gyD3Lriw-XBk3-oisN0yhNVX_0PVS_Eo7Tm-M7mUpxt7rfhiquYDb0ebtjfO73p2g priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) dbid: RIE link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Nb9QwEB21vQAHKBTU7QfKgQtSs40TO7aPy4qqQiogQaXerJnEFhKrdAW7QuXXM068URcQ4hJFySSxPRN7nu15A_BKttzFEYq4PsgARaLPUXFn2CK7y0baRpkYKHz1vr68lu9u1M0OnI2xMN77fvOZn8bTfi2_vW3Wcars3LJvK43dhV1t6iFWa5xPiQkkrNKJWEgU9nw2n3MdGAKWgpFpT_OyNfj0HP0pqcqWf_lg3S3x7gcuFveGmosncLUp5LDD5Ot0vaJp8_M3_sb_rcU-PE4-ZzYbjOQp7PjuGTy6x0R4AK8_fuHhLP_QLe6yTwyjfR5jQ7JZi8vYH2YpnoBln8P1xdvP88s8ZVHIG1mYVe4DaUVVYYMOTRtkIFKVJfSqQmwRhbCGnQb0NUrBByrRBrStIiFCoXX1Ava6284fQmYlNcHWoZANOzJlRcYwFtekjaSiJjOBctO8rkkU4zHTxcL1UKOwbtCJizpxSScTOBsfWg4MG_8WfxP1NopGeuz-ArexS3-bo1KRtOSrggpJmoyQaCtf2hAQS11P4CDqZXxJUskETjZW4NKv_N0xPlQMk6uSb-ejZfxRVOzzW24V9ejvXzmGh1FqmMc5gb3Vt7U_Zc9mRS97k_4FEg3zGA priority: 102 providerName: IEEE |
| Title | Phase-Only Space-Time Adaptive Processing |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9585489 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2595721329 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09585489.pdf https://doaj.org/article/b25b49be30b04b7b814a93e29ffaa276 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 9 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3daxQxEA96fRAf6kcVz7bHPvgiuHf7kc_H82gpgrWgB_UpzOwmWFzWw96h9a_vJJc7egqCvizL7mzIZibJ_JLMbxh7xVsa4hDKsD9IAIWDy0HQYNgCucuam0boECj8_lyezfm7S3GZFtxiLIxzLh4-c-NwG_fyr1z3U01kFcjTzETSFE8gYUK-gSZ324wXrb_P9qSgwgdsb35-Mf0cMsqV0uR13Js8TMSaE4g5CAkUViVh1Uj8sjMdRdb-lGZlx-N8sOoXcPMDuu7O5HP6iNlNtddnTr6OV0scN79-Y3T8__96zPaTX5pN14b0hN1z_VP28A5b4QF7ffGFprz8Q9_dZB8Jars8xI9k0xYWYczMUswByT5j89OTT7OzPGVayBte6GXuPCqBdWG88k3ruUcUtUFwogZoAcrSaHIswEngJV2wAuPBtALL0hdK1c_ZoP_WuxcsMxwbb6QveEPOTlWj1oTXFSrNsZCoh6zaNLhtEg15yIbR2QhHCmOnsxnZng1asklLQ_Zm-9FizcLxd_G3QZNb0UChHR9Qq9vUIy1WArlBVxdYcFSoSw6mdpXxHqBScsgOgqa2hSS1DNnRxi5s6u7XljCkIChdV_Q639rKH1Vd299OVV_-o_wRGyy_r9wxeUJLHMUVhFEMWhwl078F9ykDRg |
| linkProvider | Unpaywall |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB6VcigceBXEQoEcuCA12zzs2D4uK6oFugWJVurNmklsVWKVrmBXqPx6xok36gJCXKIosRPbM7bnsz3fALwWDQ9xhHnYH2SAItClKHkwbJDNZS1MLXVwFJ6fVrNz8eFCXuzA4eAL45zrDp-5cbjt9vKbq3odlsqODNu2QptbcFsKIWTvrTWsqIQQEkaqSC2UZ-ZoMp1yLRgEFjlj047oZWv66Vj6Y1iVLQtzb90u8foHLhY3Jpvj-zDfFLM_Y_J1vF7RuP75G4Pj_9bjAdyLVmcy6dXkIey49hHcvcFFuA9vPl_yhJZ-ahfXyRcG0i4N3iHJpMFlGBGT6FHAaR_D-fG7s-ksjXEU0lpkepU6T0pSmRmvfN144YlkaQidLBEbxDw3ms0GdBWKnC9UoPFoGkl57jOlyiew21617ikkRlDtTeUzUbMpU5SkNaNxRUoLyirSIyg2zWvrSDIeYl0sbAc2MmN7mdggExtlMoLDIdOy59j4d_K3QW5D0kCQ3T3gNraxv1kqJAlDrswoE6RI5wJN6QrjPWKhqhHsB7kMH4kiGcHBRgts7MzfLSNEyUC5LPh1OmjGH0XFLsLlVlGf_f0vr2BvdjY_sSfvTz8-hzshR7-qcwC7q29r94LtnBW97NT7F_DT9mU |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3di9QwEA-69yA-nB-nuHpKH3wR7G6b5vNxXTwOwfNAF86nMNMmKJa66C7n-dc7yWaXWwVBX0pppyXNTDLzazK_Yey56GiKQ6jj-iABFAG-BEmTYQcULhthW2liovDbM3W6EG8u5EX-4ZZyYbz3afOZn8TTtJb_2fc_9FTxSJ5mp4pcPIGEKcUGhsJtO1l24SY7UJJePmIHi7Pz2cdYUa5WtmzS2uSTTKw5hVSDkEAhrwmrJuKXPXeUWPtzmZW9iPPWeljC1SX0_TXnc3KHuW2zN3tOvkzWK5y0P39jdPz_77rLDnNcWsw2hnSP3fDDfXb7GlvhEXtx_olcXvlu6K-K9wS1fRnzR4pZB8s4ZxY554BkH7DFyesP89MyV1ooW1GZVekDaolNZYMObRdEQJSNRfCyAegA6toaCizAKxA1HZCDDWA7iXUdKq2bh2w0fB38I1ZYgW2wKlSipWCHN2gM4XWN2gisFJox49sOd22mIY_VMHqX4Ehl3Ww-J9tzUUsua2nMXu4eWm5YOP4u_ipqcicaKbTTBep1l0ekQy5RWPRNhZVAjaYWYBvPbQgAXKsxO4qa2r0kq2XMjrd24fJw_-4IQ0qC0g2n2-XOVv5o6sb-9pr6-B_lj9lo9W3tn1IktMJn2dx_AeFDAVA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phase-Only+Space-Time+Adaptive+Processing&rft.jtitle=IEEE+access&rft.au=Pallotta%2C+Luca&rft.au=Farina%2C+Alfonso&rft.au=Smith%2C+Steven+Thomas&rft.au=Giunta%2C+Gaetano&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=2169-3536&rft.eissn=2169-3536&rft.volume=9&rft.spage=147250&rft.epage=147263&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FACCESS.2021.3122837&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3122837 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon |