Delegated Proof of Stake With Downgrade: A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Consensus Algorithm With Downgrade Mechanism - Yang, Fan; Zhou, Wei; Wu, QingQing; Long, Rui; Xiong, Neal N.; Zhou, Meiqi (IEEE access, 2019)
Keywords: Algorithms; Bitcoin; Blockchain; Computation; Consensus algorithm; Contracts; Cryptography; decentralization; delegated proof of stake with downgrade; downgrade mechanism; efficiency; fairness; Nodes; Peer-to-peer computing; Protocols; Security