Bacillus subtilis JATP-3 Improves Nitrogen Metabolism by Regulating Intestinal Flora and AKG in Weaned Piglets
Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was f...
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| Published in | Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 1265 - 1276 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Springer US
01.06.2025
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1867-1306 1867-1314 1867-1314 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12602-023-10196-x |
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| Abstract | Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria–Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet +
B. subtilis
JATP-3 (1 × 10
9
CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding
B. subtilis
JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (
P
< 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (
P
< 0.1). The abundance of
Pedicoccus
,
Collinella
,
Turiciator
,
Veillonella
,
Clostridium
, and
Escherichia
were significantly increased in the jejunum (
P
< 0.05). The abundance of
Olsenella
and
Pediococcus
were significantly increased in the ileum (
P
< 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (
P
< 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (
P
< 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that
Veillonella
encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (
P
< 0.05). In summary,
B. subtilis
JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of
B. subtilis
JATP-3. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria-Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 109 CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus, Collinella, Turiciator, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum (P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3.Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria-Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 109 CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus, Collinella, Turiciator, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum (P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3. Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria-Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 10 CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus, Collinella, Turiciator, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum (P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3. Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria–Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus, Collinella, Turiciator, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum (P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3. Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria–Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 109 CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets (P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend (P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus, Collinella, Turiciator, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum (P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly (P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased (P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3. Recently, it has been reported that oral probiotics improve the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in weaned piglets; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. A total of 12 crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace; 28 days old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control (Con) group was fed with a basic diet + Luria–Bertani (LB; sterile; 10 mL), whereas the subject (Sub) group was fed with a basic diet + B. subtilis JATP-3 (1 × 10 9 CFU/mL; 10 mL). The results showed that feeding B. subtilis JATP-3 increased the final body weight and nitrogen deposition rate of weaned piglets ( P < 0.05); while the daily weight gain showed an upward trend ( P < 0.1). The abundance of Pedicoccus , Collinella , Turiciator , Veillonella , Clostridium , and Escherichia were significantly increased in the jejunum ( P < 0.05). The abundance of Olsenella and Pediococcus were significantly increased in the ileum ( P < 0.05). The metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of l-lactic acid and Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) in portal vein plasma were significantly increased ( P < 0.05). In addition, the content of AKG in muscle and liver increased significantly ( P < 0.01). The metagenomics analysis showed that Veillonella encoded the functional genes of 2-oxoglutarate synthase and promoted AKG production. The protein expression of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) phosphorylated in the skeletal muscle increased ( P < 0.05). In summary, B. subtilis JATP-3 promotes dietary nitrogen metabolism and skeletal muscle synthesis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, in which AKG may be one of the main mediators of the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis JATP-3. |
| Author | Dong, Xiaoqing Pan, Li Zhang, Xuefeng Sun, Hui Bao, Nan Sun, Kecheng He, Feng Zhao, Lei Yang, Wenyan Jin, Xueying Zhao, Yuan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Feng surname: He fullname: He, Feng organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 2 givenname: Xueying surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Xueying organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 3 givenname: Kecheng surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Kecheng organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 4 givenname: Lei surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Lei organization: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University – sequence: 5 givenname: Wenyan surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Wenyan organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 6 givenname: Xuefeng surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xuefeng organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 7 givenname: Xiaoqing surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Xiaoqing organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 8 givenname: Yuan surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Yuan organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 9 givenname: Li surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Li organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 10 givenname: Nan surname: Bao fullname: Bao, Nan organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University – sequence: 11 givenname: Hui surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Hui email: hui1688@163.com organization: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University |
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| Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023 Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Jun 2025 |
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| Keywords | JATP-3 Nitrogen metabolism Weaned piglets Multi-omics analysis Alpha-ketoglutaric acid Bacillus subtilis JATP-3 |
| Language | English |
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| SubjectTerms | 2-Oxoglutarate synthase alpha-ketoglutaric acid Animal Feed - analysis Animals Applied Microbiology Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis - physiology Biomedical and Life Sciences body weight Body weight gain Chemistry/Food Science Clostridium crossbreds Diet Digestibility Escherichia Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects Ileum Initiation factor eIF-4E Intestinal microflora intestinal microorganisms Jejunum Ketoglutaric acid Lactic acid landraces Life Sciences liver Male Metabolism Metabolites Metabolomics Metagenomics Microbiology muscles Musculoskeletal system Nitrogen Nitrogen - metabolism Nutrition Olsenella Pediococcus Portal vein Probiotics Probiotics - administration & dosage Probiotics - pharmacology Protein Science protein synthesis Skeletal muscle Swine - metabolism Swine - microbiology therapeutics Veillonella Weaning weight gain |
| Title | Bacillus subtilis JATP-3 Improves Nitrogen Metabolism by Regulating Intestinal Flora and AKG in Weaned Piglets |
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