Pathophysiology of hydrops fetalis
Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the circulation via lymphatic vessels. Developmental differences in the microcirculation and lymphatic system of the fetus, as compared with mature subj...
Saved in:
| Published in | Seminars in perinatology Vol. 19; no. 6; pp. 437 - 446 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.12.1995
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0146-0005 1558-075X 1558-075X |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5 |
Cover
| Abstract | Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the circulation via lymphatic vessels. Developmental differences in the microcirculation and lymphatic system of the fetus, as compared with mature subjects, renders the fetus susceptible to interstitial fluid accumulation. These differences include greater capillary permeability, more compliant interstitial compartment, and greater influence of venous pressures on lymphatic return. The balance between interstitial fluid production and removal is most commonly disrupted as a consequence of homeostatic mechanisms serving to preserve adequate systemic delivery of metabolic substrate when cardiocirculatory function is impaired. The pathophysiology of two conditions of impaired cardiocirculatory function, atrial tachycardia and severe anemia, serve as examples of the mechanisms by which these homeostatic mechanisms perturb the balance of interstitial fluid movement. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the circulation via lymphatic vessels. Developmental differences in the microcirculation and lymphatic system of the fetus, as compared with mature subjects, renders the fetus susceptible to interstitial fluid accumulation. These differences include greater capillary permeability, more compliant interstitial compartment, and greater influence of venous pressures on lymphatic return. The balance between interstitial fluid production and removal is most commonly disrupted as a consequence of homeostatic mechanisms serving to preserve adequate systemic delivery of metabolic substrate when cardiocirculatory function is impaired. The pathophysiology of two conditions of impaired cardiocirculatory function, atrial tachycardia and severe anemia, serve as examples of the mechanisms by which these homeostatic mechanisms perturb the balance of interstitial fluid movement. Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the circulation via lymphatic vessels. Developmental differences in the microcirculation and lymphatic system of the fetus, as compared with mature subjects, renders the fetus susceptible to interstitial fluid accumulation. These differences include greater capillary permeability, more compliant interstitial compartment, and greater influence of venous pressures on lymphatic return. The balance between interstitial fluid production and removal is most commonly disrupted as a consequence of homeostatic mechanisms serving to preserve adequate systemic delivery of metabolic substrate when cardiocirculatory function is impaired. The pathophysiology of two conditions of impaired cardiocirculatory function, atrial tachycardia and severe anemia, serve as examples of the mechanisms by which these homeostatic mechanisms perturb the balance of interstitial fluid movement.Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the circulation via lymphatic vessels. Developmental differences in the microcirculation and lymphatic system of the fetus, as compared with mature subjects, renders the fetus susceptible to interstitial fluid accumulation. These differences include greater capillary permeability, more compliant interstitial compartment, and greater influence of venous pressures on lymphatic return. The balance between interstitial fluid production and removal is most commonly disrupted as a consequence of homeostatic mechanisms serving to preserve adequate systemic delivery of metabolic substrate when cardiocirculatory function is impaired. The pathophysiology of two conditions of impaired cardiocirculatory function, atrial tachycardia and severe anemia, serve as examples of the mechanisms by which these homeostatic mechanisms perturb the balance of interstitial fluid movement. |
| Author | Apkon, Michael |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Apkon fullname: Apkon, Michael organization: Division of Critical Care, Department of Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8822328$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkE9r20AQxZeQ4NhuP4LB5FCSg5oZaXe1oodSTPoHAik4gd6W9WoUb5C1yq6com9fuTY-BEJgYA7zfo_3ZsJOG98QYzOEzwgor5eAXCYAIC5BXKlhYyJO2BiFUAnk4s8pGx8l52wS4xNAxguEERsplaZZqsbs4rfp1r5d99H52j_2c1_N130ZfBvnFXWmdvEDO6tMHenjYU_Zw_eb-8XP5Pbux6_Ft9vEcsi7pDACS8rBKGG5xEIRWeB5KamUHJUtONmqRAWFSNHkXBKk2UoizyqOFlU2ZXLvu21a0_81da3b4DYm9BpB7zrruCukd4X0MP87azGAn_ZgG_zzlmKnNy5aqmvTkN9GnedFhlLhIJwdhNvVhsqj_eEbw_3L_m6DjzFQpa3rTOd80wXj6mOM5RsxxCv6dfy3uK97jobnvjgKOlpHjaXSBbKdLr17x-EfIQyWmQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_ajmg_a_34438 crossref_primary_10_1002_uog_27501 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1447_0756_2000_tb01333_x crossref_primary_10_1002_pd_1070 crossref_primary_10_1515_JPM_2006_060 crossref_primary_10_1084_jem_20180528 crossref_primary_10_1891_0730_0832_29_5_281 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rvsc_2024_105230 crossref_primary_10_1097_00005237_199912000_00004 crossref_primary_10_32997_rcb_2011_3403 crossref_primary_10_1002_pd_2677 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics13010048 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00404_007_0382_9 crossref_primary_10_1002__SICI_1097_0223_199705_17_5_461__AID_PD87_3_0_CO_2_S crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2006_02_028 crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_103_1_e9 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_2001_280_4_R1045 crossref_primary_10_1002_pd_4351 crossref_primary_10_1542_peds_111_6_1437 crossref_primary_10_1002_ehf2_12969 crossref_primary_10_1542_neo_5_1_e5 crossref_primary_10_1590_S0041_87812003000300001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2003_09_016 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12611_015_0338_4 crossref_primary_10_1002_pd_5977 crossref_primary_10_1891_0730_0832_29_6_367 crossref_primary_10_3928_19382359_20220407_02 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1203/00006450-199009000-00013 10.1016/S0002-9378(87)80023-6 10.1161/01.RES.13.2.105 10.1056/NEJM198203113061003 10.1203/00006450-198712000-00001 10.1016/S0002-9378(11)91707-4 10.1016/S0002-9378(86)80045-X 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07897.x 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90327-N 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016025 10.1097/00000441-197303000-00001 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.495 10.1161/01.RES.48.1.128 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90453-8 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90587-0 10.1113/jphysiol.1896.sp000596 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90036-4 10.1016/S0002-9378(12)90827-3 10.1016/0002-8703(59)90164-4 10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.002105 10.1203/00006450-199405000-00006 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90479-1 10.1159/000244006 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08879.x 10.1055/s-2007-994616 10.1203/00006450-199106010-00020 10.1161/01.RES.31.5.710 10.1161/01.RES.52.6.730 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016574 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90737-2 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 1995 W.B. Saunders Company |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 1995 W.B. Saunders Company |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1558-075X |
| EndPage | 446 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80051-5 8822328 10_1016_S0146_0005_05_80051_5 S0146000505800515 |
| Genre | Journal Article Review |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1P~ 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAMNW AAOAW AAQFI AAQQT AAQXK AAWTL AAXUO ABBQC ABFRF ABJNI ABLVK ABMAC ABMZM ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEFWE AEKER AENEX AEVXI AFCTW AFFNX AFKWA AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AJRQY AJUYK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ANZVX ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W KOM LCYCR M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OD0 OP- OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SEW SPCBC SSH SSZ T5K UNMZH Z5R ZGI ZXP ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACIEU ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADVLN AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 ADTOC AGCQF UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-9a51de70a85c46198eec047d6ed6418c94ecfd1809521a746e023b6143f41c183 |
| IEDL.DBID | AIKHN |
| ISSN | 0146-0005 1558-075X |
| IngestDate | Tue Aug 19 20:52:05 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 10:30:15 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:42:15 EST 2025 Thu Oct 02 04:17:16 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:06:21 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:25:30 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Language | English |
| License | cc-by-nc-nd |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c407t-9a51de70a85c46198eec047d6ed6418c94ecfd1809521a746e023b6143f41c183 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80051-5 |
| PMID | 8822328 |
| PQID | 77931681 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1016_s0146_0005_05_80051_5 proquest_miscellaneous_77931681 pubmed_primary_8822328 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_S0146_0005_05_80051_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0146_0005_05_80051_5 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0146_0005_05_80051_5 |
| PublicationCentury | 1900 |
| PublicationDate | 1995-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1995-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 1995 text: 1995-12-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 1990 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Seminars in perinatology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Semin Perinatol |
| PublicationYear | 1995 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Inc |
| References | Gest, Hansen, Moise (bib35) 1990; 258 Tulzer, Gudmundsson, Rotondo (bib15) 1991; 165 Frank (bib29) 1959; 58 Morin, Weiss (bib17) 1992 Brace, Cheung (bib7) 1986; 251 Brace (bib8) 1983; 147 Starling (bib1) 1896; 19 Lister, Apkon, Fahey (bib18) 1994 Brace (bib27) 1987; 9 Valentin, Ribstein, Mimran (bib39) 1989; 257 Brace, Cheung (bib21) 1990; 259 Duling, Klitzman (bib19) 1980; 42 Coulson, Kuller (bib16) 1994; 11 Brace, Valenzuela (bib9) 1990; 258 Weiner (bib12) 1993; 168 Allan, Crawford, Sheridan (bib13) 1986; 93 Iwamoto, Rudolph (bib22) 1981; 240 Nimrod, Davies, Harder (bib34) 1987; 157 Anderson, Killman, Mainwaring (bib41) 1987; 387 Gest, Martin, Moise (bib36) 1990; 28 Brace (bib37) 1986; 155 Anderson, Glick, Killam (bib42) 1986; 372 Stevens, Hilliard, Schreiner (bib40) 1982; 142 Gilbert (bib31) 1980; 238 Reller, Morton, Reid (bib32) 1987; 22 Mellander, Lewis (bib4) 1963; 13 Cohn, Sacks, Heymann (bib23) 1974; 120 Johnson, Sharland, Allan (bib33) 1992; 167 Shinebourne, Vapaavuori, Williams (bib20) 1972; 31 Robillard, Weitzman, Burmeister (bib25) 1981; 48 Maspers, Bjornberg, Grande (bib5) 1990; 138 Moise, Gest, Weickmann (bib3) 1991; 29 Holzgreve, Curry, Golbus (bib14) 1984; 150 Grimes, Buss, Brace (bib6) 1987; 253 Itskovitz, Goetzman, Rudolph (bib24) 1982; 242 Brace, Cheung (bib28) 1987; 253 Kirkpatrick, Pitlick, Naliboff (bib30) 1976; 231 Kleinman, Donnerstein, De Vore (bib11) 1982; 306 Brace (bib26) 1983; 52 Gest, Bair, Vander Straten (bib43) 1993; 64 Brace (bib10) 1989; 160 Blair, Vander Straten, Gest (bib44) 1994; 35 Brace (bib2) 1992 Dunn, Hayes, Breen (bib38) 1973; 265 Frank (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib29) 1959; 58 Gest (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib35) 1990; 258 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib37) 1986; 155 Kirkpatrick (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib30) 1976; 231 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib26) 1983; 52 Mellander (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib4) 1963; 13 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib8) 1983; 147 Anderson (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib41) 1987; 387 Shinebourne (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib20) 1972; 31 Reller (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib32) 1987; 22 Grimes (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib6) 1987; 253 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib2) 1992 Duling (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib19) 1980; 42 Gest (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib36) 1990; 28 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib27) 1987; 9 Morin (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib17) 1992 Nimrod (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib34) 1987; 157 Blair (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib44) 1994; 35 Gest (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib43) 1993; 64 Holzgreve (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib14) 1984; 150 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib28) 1987; 253 Kleinman (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib11) 1982; 306 Moise (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib3) 1991; 29 Dunn (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib38) 1973; 265 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib10) 1989; 160 Johnson (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib33) 1992; 167 Maspers (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib5) 1990; 138 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib7) 1986; 251 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib9) 1990; 258 Valentin (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib39) 1989; 257 Cohn (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib23) 1974; 120 Anderson (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib42) 1986; 372 Brace (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib21) 1990; 259 Tulzer (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib15) 1991; 165 Lister (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib18) 1994 Weiner (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib12) 1993; 168 Coulson (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib16) 1994; 11 Iwamoto (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib22) 1981; 240 Robillard (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib25) 1981; 48 Gilbert (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib31) 1980; 238 Stevens (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib40) 1982; 142 Starling (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib1) 1896; 19 Itskovitz (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib24) 1982; 242 Allan (10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib13) 1986; 93 |
| References_xml | – volume: 22 start-page: 621 year: 1987 end-page: 626 ident: bib32 article-title: Fetal lamb ventricles respond differently to filling and arterial pressures and to in utero ventilation publication-title: Pediatr Res – volume: 29 start-page: 623 year: 1991 end-page: 626 ident: bib3 article-title: Reduction in plasma protein does not affect body water content in fetal sheep publication-title: Pediatr Res – volume: 28 start-page: 223 year: 1990 end-page: 226 ident: bib36 article-title: Reversal of venous blood flow with atrial tachycardia and hydrops in fetal sheep publication-title: Pediatr Res – volume: 52 start-page: 730 year: 1983 end-page: 734 ident: bib26 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to acute fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Circ Res – volume: 165 start-page: 775 year: 1991 end-page: 778 ident: bib15 article-title: Acute fetal ductal occlusion in lams publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 259 start-page: H567 year: 1990 end-page: H573 ident: bib21 article-title: Fetal blood volume restoration following rapid fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Am J Physiol – start-page: 1725 year: 1994 end-page: 1746 ident: bib18 article-title: Shock publication-title: Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents – volume: 13 start-page: 105 year: 1963 end-page: 118 ident: bib4 article-title: Effect of hemorrhagic shock on the reactivity of resistance and capacitance vessels and on capillary filtration transfer in cat skeletal muscle publication-title: Circ Res – volume: 155 start-page: 889 year: 1986 end-page: 893 ident: bib37 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to acute fetal hypoxia publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 142 start-page: 316 year: 1982 end-page: 322 ident: bib40 article-title: Supraventricular tachycardia with edema, ascites, and hydrops in fetal sheep publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 64 start-page: 325 year: 1993 end-page: 330 ident: bib43 article-title: Thoracic duct lymph flow in fetal sheep with increased venous pressure from electrically induced tachycardia publication-title: Biol Neonate – volume: 168 start-page: 817 year: 1993 end-page: 823 ident: bib12 article-title: Umbilical pressure measurement in the evaluation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 58 start-page: 467 year: 1959 end-page: 478 ident: bib29 article-title: On the dynamics of cardiac muscle publication-title: Am Heart J – start-page: 620 year: 1992 end-page: 628 ident: bib17 article-title: Response of the fetal circulation to stress publication-title: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology – volume: 258 start-page: H1159 year: 1990 end-page: H1163 ident: bib35 article-title: Atrial tachycardia causes hydrops in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 242 start-page: H543 year: 1982 end-page: H548 ident: bib24 article-title: Effects of hemorrhage on umbilical venous return and oxygen delivery in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Physiol – start-page: 1288 year: 1992 end-page: 1298 ident: bib2 article-title: Fluid distribution in the fetus and neonate publication-title: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology – volume: 31 start-page: 710 year: 1972 end-page: 718 ident: bib20 article-title: Development of baroreflex activity in unanesthetized fetal and neonatal lambs publication-title: Circ Res – volume: 238 start-page: H80 year: 1980 end-page: H86 ident: bib31 article-title: Control of fetal cardiac output during changes in blood volume publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 19 start-page: 312 year: 1896 end-page: 326 ident: bib1 article-title: On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 251 start-page: R417 year: 1986 end-page: R424 ident: bib7 article-title: Fetal cardiovascular and endocrine responses to prolonged fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 150 start-page: 805 year: 1984 end-page: 812 ident: bib14 article-title: Investigation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 167 start-page: 1309 year: 1992 end-page: 1313 ident: bib33 article-title: Umbilical venous pressure in nonimmune hydrops fetalis: Correlation with cardiac size publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 306 start-page: 568 year: 1982 end-page: 575 ident: bib11 article-title: Fetal echocariography for evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure: A techniques for study of nonimmune hydrops publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 265 start-page: 174 year: 1973 end-page: 189 ident: bib38 article-title: The liver in congestive hear failure: A review publication-title: Am J Med Sci – volume: 48 start-page: 128 year: 1981 end-page: 138 ident: bib25 article-title: Developmental aspects of the renal response to hypoxia in the lamb fetus publication-title: Circ Res – volume: 42 start-page: 373 year: 1980 end-page: 382 ident: bib19 article-title: Local control of microvascular function: Role in tissue oxygen supply publication-title: Annu Rev Physiol – volume: 9 start-page: 97 year: 1987 end-page: 103 ident: bib27 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to fetal haemorrhage: Autonomic nervous contribution publication-title: J Dev Physiol – volume: 147 start-page: 777 year: 1983 end-page: 781 ident: bib8 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to intravenous saline solution and dextran publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 157 start-page: 655 year: 1987 end-page: 659 ident: bib34 article-title: Ultrasound evaluation of tachycardia-induced hydrops in the fetal lamb publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 253 start-page: H927 year: 1987 end-page: H932 ident: bib28 article-title: Role of catecholamines in mediating fetal blood volume decrease during acute hypoxia publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 257 start-page: R174 year: 1989 end-page: R179 ident: bib39 article-title: Effect of nicardipine and atriopeptin on transcapillary shift of fluid and proteins publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 231 start-page: 495 year: 1976 end-page: 500 ident: bib30 article-title: Frank-Starling relationship as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 11 start-page: 439 year: 1994 end-page: 440 ident: bib16 article-title: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis secondary to premature closure of the foramen ovale publication-title: Am J Perinatol – volume: 372 start-page: 557 year: 1986 end-page: 573 ident: bib42 article-title: The effect of heart rate on in utero left ventricular output in the fetal sheep publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 160 start-page: 494 year: 1989 end-page: 497 ident: bib10 article-title: Effects of outflow pressure on fetal lymph flow publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 258 start-page: R240 year: 1990 end-page: R244 ident: bib9 article-title: Effects of outflow pressure and vascular volume loading on thoracic duct lymph flow in adult sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 35 start-page: 560 year: 1994 end-page: 564 ident: bib44 article-title: Hydrops in fetal sheep from rapid induction of anemia publication-title: Pediatr Res – volume: 93 start-page: 223 year: 1986 end-page: 225 ident: bib13 article-title: Aetiology of non-immune hydrops: The value of echocardiography publication-title: Br J Obstet Gynaecol – volume: 253 start-page: R541 year: 1987 end-page: R544 ident: bib6 article-title: Blood volume restitution after hemorrhage in adult sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 240 start-page: H848 year: 1981 end-page: H854 ident: bib22 article-title: Role of renin-angiotensin system in response to hemorrhage in fetal sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 120 start-page: 817 year: 1974 end-page: 824 ident: bib23 article-title: Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 138 start-page: 509 year: 1990 end-page: 521 ident: bib5 article-title: Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic control of large-bore arterial vessels, arterioles and veins, and of capillary pressure and fluid exchange in whole-organ cat skeletal muscle publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand – volume: 387 start-page: 297 year: 1987 end-page: 316 ident: bib41 article-title: In utero right ventricular output in the fetal lamb: The effect of heart rate publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 28 start-page: 223 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib36 article-title: Reversal of venous blood flow with atrial tachycardia and hydrops in fetal sheep publication-title: Pediatr Res doi: 10.1203/00006450-199009000-00013 – volume: 259 start-page: H567 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib21 article-title: Fetal blood volume restoration following rapid fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 157 start-page: 655 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib34 article-title: Ultrasound evaluation of tachycardia-induced hydrops in the fetal lamb publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(87)80023-6 – volume: 9 start-page: 97 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib27 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to fetal haemorrhage: Autonomic nervous contribution publication-title: J Dev Physiol – volume: 13 start-page: 105 year: 1963 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib4 article-title: Effect of hemorrhagic shock on the reactivity of resistance and capacitance vessels and on capillary filtration transfer in cat skeletal muscle publication-title: Circ Res doi: 10.1161/01.RES.13.2.105 – volume: 306 start-page: 568 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib11 article-title: Fetal echocariography for evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure: A techniques for study of nonimmune hydrops publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM198203113061003 – start-page: 620 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib17 article-title: Response of the fetal circulation to stress – volume: 257 start-page: R174 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib39 article-title: Effect of nicardipine and atriopeptin on transcapillary shift of fluid and proteins publication-title: Am J Physiol – start-page: 1725 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib18 article-title: Shock – volume: 22 start-page: 621 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib32 article-title: Fetal lamb ventricles respond differently to filling and arterial pressures and to in utero ventilation publication-title: Pediatr Res doi: 10.1203/00006450-198712000-00001 – volume: 167 start-page: 1309 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib33 article-title: Umbilical venous pressure in nonimmune hydrops fetalis: Correlation with cardiac size publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(11)91707-4 – volume: 258 start-page: H1159 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib35 article-title: Atrial tachycardia causes hydrops in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 155 start-page: 889 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib37 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to acute fetal hypoxia publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(86)80045-X – volume: 93 start-page: 223 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib13 article-title: Aetiology of non-immune hydrops: The value of echocardiography publication-title: Br J Obstet Gynaecol doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07897.x – volume: 165 start-page: 775 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib15 article-title: Acute fetal ductal occlusion in lams publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90327-N – volume: 372 start-page: 557 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib42 article-title: The effect of heart rate on in utero left ventricular output in the fetal sheep publication-title: J Physiol doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1986.sp016025 – volume: 265 start-page: 174 year: 1973 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib38 article-title: The liver in congestive hear failure: A review publication-title: Am J Med Sci doi: 10.1097/00000441-197303000-00001 – volume: 240 start-page: H848 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib22 article-title: Role of renin-angiotensin system in response to hemorrhage in fetal sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 238 start-page: H80 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib31 article-title: Control of fetal cardiac output during changes in blood volume publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 231 start-page: 495 year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib30 article-title: Frank-Starling relationship as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output publication-title: Am J Physiol doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.495 – volume: 48 start-page: 128 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib25 article-title: Developmental aspects of the renal response to hypoxia in the lamb fetus publication-title: Circ Res doi: 10.1161/01.RES.48.1.128 – volume: 258 start-page: R240 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib9 article-title: Effects of outflow pressure and vascular volume loading on thoracic duct lymph flow in adult sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 251 start-page: R417 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib7 article-title: Fetal cardiovascular and endocrine responses to prolonged fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 150 start-page: 805 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib14 article-title: Investigation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(84)90453-8 – volume: 120 start-page: 817 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib23 article-title: Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90587-0 – volume: 19 start-page: 312 year: 1896 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib1 article-title: On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces publication-title: J Physiol doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1896.sp000596 – start-page: 1288 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib2 article-title: Fluid distribution in the fetus and neonate – volume: 147 start-page: 777 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib8 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to intravenous saline solution and dextran publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90036-4 – volume: 168 start-page: 817 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib12 article-title: Umbilical pressure measurement in the evaluation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(12)90827-3 – volume: 58 start-page: 467 year: 1959 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib29 article-title: On the dynamics of cardiac muscle publication-title: Am Heart J doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(59)90164-4 – volume: 42 start-page: 373 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib19 article-title: Local control of microvascular function: Role in tissue oxygen supply publication-title: Annu Rev Physiol doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.002105 – volume: 35 start-page: 560 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib44 article-title: Hydrops in fetal sheep from rapid induction of anemia publication-title: Pediatr Res doi: 10.1203/00006450-199405000-00006 – volume: 160 start-page: 494 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib10 article-title: Effects of outflow pressure on fetal lymph flow publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90479-1 – volume: 242 start-page: H543 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib24 article-title: Effects of hemorrhage on umbilical venous return and oxygen delivery in fetal lambs publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 253 start-page: H927 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib28 article-title: Role of catecholamines in mediating fetal blood volume decrease during acute hypoxia publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 64 start-page: 325 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib43 article-title: Thoracic duct lymph flow in fetal sheep with increased venous pressure from electrically induced tachycardia publication-title: Biol Neonate doi: 10.1159/000244006 – volume: 138 start-page: 509 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib5 article-title: Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic control of large-bore arterial vessels, arterioles and veins, and of capillary pressure and fluid exchange in whole-organ cat skeletal muscle publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08879.x – volume: 11 start-page: 439 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib16 article-title: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis secondary to premature closure of the foramen ovale publication-title: Am J Perinatol doi: 10.1055/s-2007-994616 – volume: 29 start-page: 623 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib3 article-title: Reduction in plasma protein does not affect body water content in fetal sheep publication-title: Pediatr Res doi: 10.1203/00006450-199106010-00020 – volume: 253 start-page: R541 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib6 article-title: Blood volume restitution after hemorrhage in adult sheep publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 31 start-page: 710 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib20 article-title: Development of baroreflex activity in unanesthetized fetal and neonatal lambs publication-title: Circ Res doi: 10.1161/01.RES.31.5.710 – volume: 52 start-page: 730 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib26 article-title: Fetal blood volume responses to acute fetal hemorrhage publication-title: Circ Res doi: 10.1161/01.RES.52.6.730 – volume: 387 start-page: 297 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib41 article-title: In utero right ventricular output in the fetal lamb: The effect of heart rate publication-title: J Physiol doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016574 – volume: 142 start-page: 316 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5_bib40 article-title: Supraventricular tachycardia with edema, ascites, and hydrops in fetal sheep publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90737-2 |
| SSID | ssj0034910 |
| Score | 1.5821353 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Hydrops fetalis occurs when the rate of interstitial fluid production by capillary ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of interstitial fluid return to the... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 437 |
| SubjectTerms | Capillary Permeability - physiology Extracellular Space - physiology Humans Hydrops Fetalis - etiology Hydrops Fetalis - physiopathology Lymphatic System - physiology Microcirculation - physiology Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Oxygen - pharmacokinetics Ultrafiltration |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3da8IwED82hX087FvmPsvYw_ZQbW3Spo8yJjJQfJjgnkqTpgwmrdjKcH_9Lm11bjrcoI-9NMlder9L7n4BuJUWU1dZCd2goSLVlpbucgRyPneVP3WsBlfFyZ2u3e6TpwEdFMXqqhbm2_m9adcTRW6iSp_pnUHvmbIhnW5C2aYIvUtQ7nd7zZc8TTF_LeNHpUxHVzj4qthZ3c5vvmgZa-7C9iQa-dN3fzhc8D-tfejOep6nnbzVJimviY8fpI5_HtoB7BVIVGvmpnMIGzI6gq1OcdZ-DDc9BIdxtvORbb1rcai9ToNxPEq0UGbEiSfQbz0-P7T14kYFXWDgluquT81AOobPqCAYOjEphUGcwJaBTUwmXCJFGChKL_TqvkNsiS6dowe3QmIKXP0VKEVxJE9BYzYPKaq2YTmCBKbgluVgaBmYDS65S3gVyGxuPVHQjatbL4beYl6ZyqkzqIdPNn6PVqE2FxvlfBvrBNhMcV4BGnIw4OF8rxO9ninaw0WlTkr8SMaTxHPwr2XazKxCJdf_vC8YkCAGZVWoz-1hqZ_Jqo-d_VviHHay-vksd-YCSul4Ii8RAaX8qrD7T59i8PU priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | Pathophysiology of hydrops fetalis |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80051-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8822328 https://www.proquest.com/docview/77931681 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80051-5 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 19 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Complete Freedom Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-075X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0034910 issn: 0146-0005 databaseCode: ACRLP dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals [SCFCJ] customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-075X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0034910 issn: 0146-0005 databaseCode: AIKHN dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Science Direct customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-075X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0034910 issn: 0146-0005 databaseCode: .~1 dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: Elsevier Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 1558-075X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0034910 issn: 0146-0005 databaseCode: AKRWK dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnR3ZSsNAcNAKHg_iVaxHDeKDPsQmzW6yeSxFqVcpYqE-hexmg4WSlB6IL367s5ukVqoUhEBg2WOY2Z1jdw6AC-kwVcpKmBaNVVJt6Zg-R0Uu5L6Sp55T5yo4-anttrrkvkd7K9AsYmGUW2XO-zOerrl13lLLsVkb9vs15Zbk6vwllOlKJauwhqsyVoK1xt1Dq10wZIf4OimB6q-CqOl3IE82iW68tOiVnsekf4moRRV0CzamyTD8eA8HgzmxdLsD27k-aTQykHdhRSZ7sP6Uv5jvw3kHVbxU31_oC3QjjY23j2iUDsdGLHX6wwPo3t68NFtmXhfBFGh-TUw_pHYkPStkVBA0gJiUwiJe5MrIJTYTPpEijlRiLpTNoUdciYKZoxx2YmILPMNlKCVpIg_BYC6PKRKo7niCRLbgjuOhgRjZdS65T3gFSIGKQORJw1XtikEw7x2mPOMsGuCnMRjQClzPhg2zrBnLBrACz8EP8gfI2ZcNPSvoEuDRUO8dYSLT6TjwkPfYLrMrUM7INYMFzQrUJFkFajPyLcA5_m2xo__DeQybOhxeu8KcQGkymspTVGgmvAqr1592Fbdt8_mxU823L_677U7j9QvA8uvJ |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dS8MwED_8AKcP4tdwfq2ID_rQtV2TNn0UcUzdhg8TfAtNmqIw2uE2xBf_di9pNydTBkKfQpMed819JHe_A7hQPtOtrKTt0lSDaivfjgQ6crGItD0N_abQxcndXtB-IvfP9HkFbqa1MDqtstT9hU432roccUpuOsPXV0enJQUGv4Qy06lkFdYJbYY6Amt8zvI8fBIZSAL9ti6hpt9lPMUSZvDSpVdmFZv-ZaAWHdAtqEyyYfzxHg8Gc0aptQPbpTdpXRcE78KKyvZgo1vel-_D-SM6eLk5vTDH51aeWi8fyVs-HFmpMuCHB_DUuu3ftO2yK4ItMfga21FMvUSFbsyoJBj-MKWkS8IkUElAPCYjomSaaFgutMxxSAKFZlmgFfZT4kncwVVYy_JMHYLFApFSFE_TDyVJPCl8P8TwMPGaQomIiBqQKSu4LCHDdeeKAZ_PDdN5cS7l-BgOclqDxmzasMDMWDaBTfnMfwifo15fNrU-lQvHjaFvO-JM5ZMRD1HzeAHzalAtxDWjBYMK9CNZDZyZ-BboHP32saP_01mHSrvf7fDOXe_hGDZNYbxJijmBtfHbRJ2iazMWZ-bX_QL47ulM |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3da8IwED82hX087FvmPsvYw_ZQbW3Spo8yJjJQfJjgnkqTpgwmrdjKcH_9Lm11bjrcoI-9NMlder9L7n4BuJUWU1dZCd2goSLVlpbucgRyPneVP3WsBlfFyZ2u3e6TpwEdFMXqqhbm2_m9adcTRW6iSp_pnUHvmbIhnW5C2aYIvUtQ7nd7zZc8TTF_LeNHpUxHVzj4qthZ3c5vvmgZa-7C9iQa-dN3fzhc8D-tfejOep6nnbzVJimviY8fpI5_HtoB7BVIVGvmpnMIGzI6gq1OcdZ-DDc9BIdxtvORbb1rcai9ToNxPEq0UGbEiSfQbz0-P7T14kYFXWDgluquT81AOobPqCAYOjEphUGcwJaBTUwmXCJFGChKL_TqvkNsiS6dowe3QmIKXP0VKEVxJE9BYzYPKaq2YTmCBKbgluVgaBmYDS65S3gVyGxuPVHQjatbL4beYl6ZyqkzqIdPNn6PVqE2FxvlfBvrBNhMcV4BGnIw4OF8rxO9ninaw0WlTkr8SMaTxHPwr2XazKxCJdf_vC8YkCAGZVWoz-1hqZ_Jqo-d_VviHHay-vksd-YCSul4Ii8RAaX8qrD7T59i8PU |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pathophysiology+of+hydrops+fetalis&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+perinatology&rft.au=Apkon%2C+M&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.issn=0146-0005&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fs0146-0005%2805%2980051-5&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0146-0005&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0146-0005&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0146-0005&client=summon |