Realizing a Novel Friction Stir Processing-Enabled FWTPET Process for Strength Enhancement Using Firefly and PSO Methods

• Published in: Materials Vol. 13; no. 3; p. 728
• Main Authors: S, Senthil Kumaran, Kaliappan, Jayakumar, Srinivasan, Kathiravan, Hu, Yuh-Chung, Padmanaban, Sanjeevikumar, N, Srinivasan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.02.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Aluminum base alloys; Carbon; Carbon nanotubes; Friction stir processing; Friction stir welding; Friction welding; Heuristic methods; Industrial applications; Joining; Mechanical properties; Orthogonal arrays; Parameter identification; Particle swarm optimization; Power plants; Process parameters; Radiation; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon nitride; Tensile strength; Tube plate; Weight reduction; Welded joints; X-rays; India; firefly algorithm (FFA); friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET); carbon nanotube (CNT); particle swarm optimization (PSO); friction stir processing (FSP)
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma13030728

The friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) is widely deployed in several industrial applications, such as aerospace, automotive, and power plants. Moreover, for achieving a better tensile strength and hardness in the weld zone, the friction stir processing (FSP) technique was incorporated into the FWTPET process for joining aluminum alloys (AA6063 tube, AA6061 tube plate). Furthermore, it has to be noted that FWTPET was applied for joining the AA6063 tube to the AA6061 tube plate, and FSP was deployed for reinforcing the weld zone with carbon nanotube (CNT) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles, thereby attaining the desirable mechanical properties. Subsequently, the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was used for identifying the most influential input and output FWTPET + FSP process parameters. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the firefly algorithm (FFA) were deployed for determining the optimized input and output FWTPET + FSP process parameters. The input process parameters include CNT, Si3N4, rotational tool speed, and depth. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the welded joint was considered as the output process parameter. The process parameters predicted by PSO and FFA were compared with the experimental values. It was witnessed that deviation between the predicted and experimental values was minimal. Moreover, it was found that FFA provided a superior tensile strength prediction than PSO.