Functional flexibility: The potential of morphing composites

From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on mechanical joints, human engineering now focuses on improving aerodynamic efficiency through smooth, full form changes in material geometry, achiev...

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Published inComposites science and technology Vol. 230; no. Part I; p. 109792
Main Authors Jones, Mitchell P., Murali, Gokul G., Laurin, Frédéric, Robinson, Paul, Bismarck, Alexander
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 10.11.2022
Elsevier
Subjects
A. Flexible composites
A. Smart materials
B. Shape memory behaviour
B. Thermomechanical properties
C. Anisotropy
Engineering Sciences
Physics
B. Shape memory behaviour
A. Flexible composites
C. Anisotropy
A. Smart materials
B. Thermomechanical properties
SHAPE MEMORY
THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTY
composite flexible
SMART MATERIAL
mémoire forme
Matériau intelligent
propriété thermomécanique
FLEXIBLE COMPOSITE
anisotropie
ANISOTROPY
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0266-3538
1879-1050
DOI10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109792

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Abstract From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on mechanical joints, human engineering now focuses on improving aerodynamic efficiency through smooth, full form changes in material geometry, achieved using technologies such as morphing composites. Promising improved power generation and efficiency in wind turbines and safer more sustainable aircraft and cars, these materials can achieve both large geometric changes with low energy requirements by cycling between several stable physical states and more gradual changes in geometry by exploiting coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and structural anisotropy, shape memory polymers and 4D printing. The merits and limitations of these various shape change systems are the subject of extensive and ongoing academic research and both commercial and defence industry trials to improve the viability of these technologies for widespread adoption. Shape change capabilities are often associated with problems in material cost, mass, mechanical properties, manufacturability, and energy requirements. Nonetheless, the considerable and rapid advances in this technology, already resulting in successful trials in advanced civilian and military aircraft and high-performance cars, indicate that future research and development of this materials platform could revolutionise many of our most critical power generation, defence and transport systems. [Display omitted]
AbstractList From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on mechanical joints, human engineering now focuses on improving aerodynamic efficiency through smooth, full form changes in material geometry, achieved using technologies such as morphing composites. Promising improved power generation and efficiency in wind turbines and safer more sustainable aircraft and cars, these materials can achieve both large geometric changes with low energy requirements by cycling between several stable physical states and more gradual changes in geometry by exploiting coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and structural anisotropy, shape memory polymers and 4D printing. The merits and limitations of these various shape change systems are the subject of extensive and ongoing academic research and both commercial and defence industry trials to improve the viability of these technologies for widespread adoption. Shape change capabilities are often associated with problems in material cost, mass, mechanical properties, manufacturability, and energy requirements. Nonetheless, the considerable and rapid advances in this technology, already resulting in successful trials in advanced civilian and military aircraft and high-performance cars, indicate that future research and development of this materials platform could revolutionise many of our most critical power generation, defence and transport systems. [Display omitted]
From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on mechanical joints, human engineering now focuses on improving aerodynamic efficiency through smooth, full form changes in material geometry, achieved using technologies such as morphing composites. Promising improved power generation and efficiency in wind turbines and safer more sustainable aircraft and cars, these materials can achieve both large geometric changes with low energy requirements by cycling between several stable physical states and more gradual changes in geometry by exploiting coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and structural anisotropy, shape memory polymers and 4D printing. The merits and limitations of these various shape change systems are the subject of extensive and ongoing academic research and both commercial and defence industry trials to improve the viability of these technologies for widespread adoption. Shape change capabilities are often associated with problems in material cost, mass, mechanical properties, manufacturability, and energy requirements. Nonetheless, the considerable and rapid advances in this technology, already resulting in successful trials in advanced civilian and military aircraft and high-performance cars, indicate that future research and development of this materials platform could revolutionise many of our most critical power generation, defence and transport systems. Des plantes qui suivent le soleil à l'aérodynamisme des ailes des oiseaux, le changement de forme est la clé de la performance des structures naturelles. Après des années de dépendance à l'égard des joints mécaniques, l'ingénierie humaine se concentre désormais sur l'amélioration de l'efficacité aérodynamique grâce à des changements de forme fluides et complets de la géométrie des matériaux, obtenus à l'aide de technologies telles que les composites morphing. Ces matériaux, qui promettent d'améliorer la production d'énergie et l'efficacité des éoliennes et de rendre les avions et les voitures plus sûrs et plus durables, permettent d'obtenir à la fois des changements géométriques importants avec de faibles besoins en énergie en passant d'un état physique stable à un autre et des changements géométriques plus progressifs en exploitant le décalage du coefficient de dilatation thermique et l'anisotropie structurelle, les polymères à mémoire de forme et l'impression 4D. Les mérites et les limites de ces divers systèmes de changement de forme font l'objet de recherches universitaires approfondies et continues, ainsi que d'essais commerciaux et militaires visant à améliorer la viabilité de ces technologies en vue d'une adoption généralisée. Les capacités de changement de forme sont souvent associées à des problèmes de coût des matériaux, de masse, de propriétés mécaniques, de fabricabilité et de besoins énergétiques. Néanmoins, les progrès considérables et rapides de cette technologie, qui se traduisent déjà par des essais réussis dans des avions civils et militaires de pointe et des voitures à hautes performances, indiquent que la recherche et le développement futurs de cette plateforme de matériaux pourraient révolutionner bon nombre de nos systèmes de production d'énergie, de défense et de transport les plus critiques.
ArticleNumber 109792
Author Laurin, Frédéric
Murali, Gokul G.
Bismarck, Alexander
Jones, Mitchell P.
Robinson, Paul
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mitchell P.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0251-1109
  surname: Jones
  fullname: Jones, Mitchell P.
  organization: Institute of Material Chemistry and Research, Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Gokul G.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8941-7520
  surname: Murali
  fullname: Murali, Gokul G.
  organization: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Frédéric
  surname: Laurin
  fullname: Laurin, Frédéric
  organization: ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Centre de Palaiseau, Chemin de la Huniere, Palaiseau, F-91761, France
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Paul
  surname: Robinson
  fullname: Robinson, Paul
  organization: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Alexander
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7458-1587
  surname: Bismarck
  fullname: Bismarck, Alexander
  email: alexander.bismarck@univie.ac.at
  organization: Institute of Material Chemistry and Research, Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Issue Part I
Keywords B. Shape memory behaviour
A. Flexible composites
C. Anisotropy
A. Smart materials
B. Thermomechanical properties
SHAPE MEMORY
THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTY
composite flexible
SMART MATERIAL
mémoire forme
Matériau intelligent
propriété thermomécanique
FLEXIBLE COMPOSITE
anisotropie
ANISOTROPY
Language English
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Snippet From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on...
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StartPage 109792
SubjectTerms A. Flexible composites
A. Smart materials
B. Shape memory behaviour
B. Thermomechanical properties
C. Anisotropy
Engineering Sciences
Physics
Title Functional flexibility: The potential of morphing composites
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109792
https://hal.science/hal-04000080
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