Characterization of canopy openness before and after a spruce budworm outbreak in the southern boreal forest
We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy structure. Using aerial photographs taken at the beginning (1972) and after (1994) a major spruce budworm outbreak (1970-1987), we evaluated t...
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| Published in | Canadian journal of forest research Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 339 - 352 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Ottawa, Canada
NRC Research Press
01.02.2004
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0045-5067 1208-6037 |
| DOI | 10.1139/x03-278 |
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| Abstract | We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy structure. Using aerial photographs taken at the beginning (1972) and after (1994) a major spruce budworm outbreak (1970-1987), we evaluated the change in canopy openness that occurred during the period of the outbreak, in five compositionally different stands. We compared canopy openness evaluated by photointerpretation with two independent field techniques and found a high degree of similarity between methods. Interpretation of the 1972 photographs (prior to the outbreak) shows that regardless of composition, four of our five analysed stands had about the same degree of mean canopy openness (17%-20%). Following the outbreak, openness increased in all stands except for the hardwood-dominated stand. The highest increase in openness (from 18% to 45%) occurred in the stand with the highest conifer content. Thematic maps and spatial analysis techniques were used to describe canopy openness distribution. Openness was low and uniformly distributed before the outbreak, whereas after the outbreak, the various degrees of openness had a patchy distribution in most stands. Furthermore, patch size increased with conifer content. Using the amount of increase in canopy openness and its specific distribution within stands, we propose guidelines for the development of silvicultural practices that mimic spruce budworm disturbances in boreal mixedwoods. |
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| AbstractList | We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy structure. Using aerial photographs taken at the beginning (1972) and after (1994) a major spruce budworm outbreak (1970-1987), we evaluated the change in canopy openness that occurred during the period of the outbreak, in five compositionally different stands. We compared canopy openness evaluated by photointerpretation with two independent field techniques and found a high degree of similarity between methods. Interpretation of the 1972 photographs (prior to the outbreak) shows that regardless of composition, four of our five analysed stands had about the same degree of mean canopy openness (17%-20%). Following the outbreak, openness increased in all stands except for the hardwood-dominated stand. The highest increase in openness (from 18% to 45%) occurred in the stand with the highest conifer content. Thematic maps and spatial analysis techniques were used to describe canopy openness distribution. Openness was low and uniformly distributed before the outbreak, whereas after the outbreak, the various degrees of openness had a patchy distribution in most stands. Furthermore, patch size increased with conifer content. Using the amount of increase in canopy openness and its specific distribution within stands, we propose guidelines for the development of silvicultural practices that mimic spruce budworm disturbances in boreal mixedwoods. We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy structure. Using aerial photographs taken at the beginning (1972) and after (1994) a major spruce budworm outbreak (19701987), we evaluated the change in canopy openness that occurred during the period of the outbreak, in five compositionally different stands. We compared canopy openness evaluated by photointerpretation with two independent field techniques and found a high degree of similarity between methods. Interpretation of the 1972 photographs (prior to the outbreak) shows that regardless of composition, four of our five analysed stands had about the same degree of mean canopy openness (17%20%). Following the outbreak, openness increased in all stands except for the hardwood-dominated stand. The highest increase in openness (from 18% to 45%) occurred in the stand with the highest conifer content. Thematic maps and spatial analysis techniques were used to describe canopy openness distribution. Openness was low and uniformly distributed before the outbreak, whereas after the outbreak, the various degrees of openness had a patchy distribution in most stands. Furthermore, patch size increased with conifer content. Using the amount of increase in canopy openness and its specific distribution within stands, we propose guidelines for the development of silvicultural practices that mimic spruce budworm disturbances in boreal mixedwoods. Aerial photography is used in a simple method to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm outbreak on canopy structure. Photos taken before and after an outbreak were subject to two independent photointerpretation field techniques and found to share good similarity. Four of the five stands had the same level of canopy openness (17-20%) prior to the outbreak, while after the openness increased in all stands (18-45%) except in the hardwood-dominated stands. Openness increased with conifer content of the stand, and was patchy in most stands. We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy structure. Using aerial photographs taken at the beginning (1972) and after (1994) a major spruce budworm outbreak (1970-1987), we evaluated the change in canopy openness that occurred during the period of the outbreak, in five compositionally different stands. We compared canopy openness evaluated by photointerpretation with two independent field techniques and found a high degree of similarity between methods. Interpretation of the 1972 photographs (prior to the outbreak) shows that regardless of composition, four of our five analysed stands had about the same degree of mean canopy openness (17%-20%). Following the outbreak, openness increased in all stands except for the hardwood-dominated stand. The highest increase in openness (from 18% to 45%) occurred in the stand with the highest conifer content. Thematic maps and spatial analysis techniques were used to describe canopy openness distribution. Openness was low and uniformly distributed before the outbreak, whereas after the outbreak, the various degrees of openness had a patchy distribution in most stands. Furthermore, patch size increased with conifer content. Using the amount of increase in canopy openness and its specific distribution within stands, we propose guidelines for the development of silvicultural practices that mimic spruce budworm disturbances in boreal mixedwoods.Original Abstract: Cette etude propose une methode simple qui utilise l'interpretation de photos aeriennes pour caracteriser les impacts d'une epidemie de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) sur la structure du couvert forestier. En utilisant des photos prises au debut (1972) et apres (1994) l'epidemie majeure qui a frappe notre secteur de 1970 a 1987, nous avons evalue les changements dans le degre d'ouverture du couvert forestier qui se sont produits dans cinq peuplements de composition differente. La methode d'evaluation du degre d'ouverture par photo-interpretation a ete comparee a deux methodes d'estimation utilisees sur le terrain. L'interpretation des photos prises au debut de l'epidemie montre qu'independamment de la composition, quatre des cinq peuplements etudies avaient approximativement le meme pourcentage d'ouverture moyen (17-20 %). L'epidemie a entraine une augmentation du degre d'ouverture dans tous les peuplements a l'exception du peuplement domine par les feuillus. Sur les photos prises apres l'epidemie, l'ouverture augmente en fonction de la proportion de coniferes. le peuplement le plus affecte a atteint un degre d'ouverture de 45 % en 1994. L'analyse spatiale de nos resultats revele que les degres d'ou verture variables trouves apres l'epidemie sont distribues en ilots alors qu'ils etaient faibles et distribues uniformement avant l'epidemie. La taille de ces ilots augmente avec l'age des peuplements. Ces resultats nous permettent de proposer un scenario preliminaire de pratiques sylvicoles basees sur les impacts causes par une epidemie de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette en foret boreale mixte. |
| Abstract_FL | Cette étude propose une méthode simple qui utilise l'interprétation de photos aériennes pour caractériser les impacts d'une épidémie de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) sur la structure du couvert forestier. En utilisant des photos prises au début (1972) et après (1994) l'épidémie majeure qui a frappé notre secteur de 1970 à 1987, nous avons évalué les changements dans le degré d'ouverture du couvert forestier qui se sont produits dans cinq peuplements de composition différente. La méthode d'évaluation du degré d'ouverture par photo-interprétation a été comparée à deux méthodes d'estimation utilisées sur le terrain. L'interprétation des photos prises au début de l'épidémie montre qu'indépendamment de la composition, quatre des cinq peuplements étudiés avaient approximativement le même pourcentage d'ouverture moyen (1720 %). L'épidémie a entraîné une augmentation du degré d'ouverture dans tous les peuplements à l'exception du peuplement dominé par les feuillus. Sur les photos prises après l'épidémie, l'ouverture augmente en fonction de la proportion de conifères. Le peuplement le plus affecté a atteint un degré d'ouverture de 45 % en 1994. L'analyse spatiale de nos résultats révèle que les degrés d'ou verture variables trouvés après l'épidémie sont distribués en îlots alors qu'ils étaient faibles et distribués uniformément avant l'épidémie. La taille de ces îlots augmente avec l'âge des peuplements. Ces résultats nous permettent de proposer un scénario préliminaire de pratiques sylvicoles basées sur les impacts causés par une épidémie de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette en forêt boréale mixte. |
| Author | Kneeshaw, D D'Aoust, V Bergeron, Y |
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| Snippet | We propose a simple method that uses aerial photographs to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak on canopy... Aerial photography is used in a simple method to characterize the impacts of a spruce budworm outbreak on canopy structure. Photos taken before and after an... |
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| SubjectTerms | aerial photography boreal forests botanical composition canopy gaps Choristoneura fumiferana forest pests forest trees host plants insect pests mixed forests Noctuidae overstory Quebec spatial distribution spatial variation |
| Title | Characterization of canopy openness before and after a spruce budworm outbreak in the southern boreal forest |
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