Tribological Performance of Composites Reinforced with the Agricultural, Industrial and Post-Consumer Wastes: A Review

Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need...

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Published inMaterials Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 1863
Main Authors Sydow, Zuzanna, Sydow, Mateusz, Wojciechowski, Łukasz, Bieńczak, Krzysztof
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 09.04.2021
MDPI
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ISSN1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI10.3390/ma14081863

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Abstract Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.
AbstractList Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.
Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union's point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union's point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.
Author Sydow, Zuzanna
Sydow, Mateusz
Wojciechowski, Łukasz
Bieńczak, Krzysztof
AuthorAffiliation 1 Institute of Machines and Motor Vehicles (IMRiPS), Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznań, Poland; lukasz.wojciechowski@put.poznan.pl (Ł.W.); krzysztof.bienczak@put.poznan.pl (K.B.)
2 Łukasiewicz Research Network—Wood Technology Institute, 60654 Poznań, Poland; mateusz.sydow@itd.lukasiewicz.gov.pl
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Keywords polymer
waste
coefficient of friction
composite
metal
wear
tribology
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Snippet Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive...
Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union's point of view, the Waste Framework Directive...
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SubjectTerms Adhesive wear
Agricultural wastes
Alloys
Aluminum alloys
Coefficient of friction
Epoxy resins
Fillers
Friction
Households
Hybrid composites
Mechanical properties
Polymer matrix composites
Polymers
Production costs
Raw materials
Review
Rice
Service life
Tribology
Waste management
Waste materials
Wastes
Wear rate
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