RT-Sort: An action potential propagation-based algorithm for real time spike detection and sorting with millisecond latencies

With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until n...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 19; no. 12; p. e0312438
Main Authors van der Molen, Tjitse, Lim, Max, Bartram, Julian, Cheng, Zhuowei, Robbins, Ash, Parks, David F., Petzold, Linda R., Hierlemann, Andreas, Haussler, David, Hansma, Paul K., Tovar, Kenneth R., Kosik, Kenneth S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 05.12.2024
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0312438

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Abstract With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until now, spike sorting can only be performed after completion of the recording, preventing true real time usage of spike sorting algorithms. Utilizing the unique propagation patterns of action potentials along axons detected as high-fidelity sequential activations on adjacent electrodes, together with a convolutional neural network-based spike detection algorithm, we introduce RT-Sort (Real Time Sorting), a spike sorting algorithm that enables the sorted detection of action potentials within 7.5ms±1.5ms (mean±STD) after the waveform trough while the recording remains ongoing. RT-Sort’s true real-time spike sorting capabilities enable closed loop experiments with latencies comparable to synaptic delay times. We show RT-Sort’s performance on both Multi-Electrode Arrays as well as Neuropixels probes to exemplify RT-Sort’s functionality on different types of recording hardware and electrode configurations.
AbstractList With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until now, spike sorting can only be performed after completion of the recording, preventing true real time usage of spike sorting algorithms. Utilizing the unique propagation patterns of action potentials along axons detected as high-fidelity sequential activations on adjacent electrodes, together with a convolutional neural network-based spike detection algorithm, we introduce RT-Sort (Real Time Sorting), a spike sorting algorithm that enables the sorted detection of action potentials within 7.5ms±1.5ms (mean±STD) after the waveform trough while the recording remains ongoing. RT-Sort’s true real-time spike sorting capabilities enable closed loop experiments with latencies comparable to synaptic delay times. We show RT-Sort’s performance on both Multi-Electrode Arrays as well as Neuropixels probes to exemplify RT-Sort’s functionality on different types of recording hardware and electrode configurations.
With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until now, spike sorting can only be performed after completion of the recording, preventing true real time usage of spike sorting algorithms. Utilizing the unique propagation patterns of action potentials along axons detected as high-fidelity sequential activations on adjacent electrodes, together with a convolutional neural network-based spike detection algorithm, we introduce RT-Sort (Real Time Sorting), a spike sorting algorithm that enables the sorted detection of action potentials within 7.5ms±1.5ms (mean±STD) after the waveform trough while the recording remains ongoing. RT-Sort's true real-time spike sorting capabilities enable closed loop experiments with latencies comparable to synaptic delay times. We show RT-Sort's performance on both Multi-Electrode Arrays as well as Neuropixels probes to exemplify RT-Sort's functionality on different types of recording hardware and electrode configurations.With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be reliably detected on multiple adjacent recording electrodes. Spike sorting assigns these signals to putative neural sources. However, until now, spike sorting can only be performed after completion of the recording, preventing true real time usage of spike sorting algorithms. Utilizing the unique propagation patterns of action potentials along axons detected as high-fidelity sequential activations on adjacent electrodes, together with a convolutional neural network-based spike detection algorithm, we introduce RT-Sort (Real Time Sorting), a spike sorting algorithm that enables the sorted detection of action potentials within 7.5ms±1.5ms (mean±STD) after the waveform trough while the recording remains ongoing. RT-Sort's true real-time spike sorting capabilities enable closed loop experiments with latencies comparable to synaptic delay times. We show RT-Sort's performance on both Multi-Electrode Arrays as well as Neuropixels probes to exemplify RT-Sort's functionality on different types of recording hardware and electrode configurations.
Author Bartram, Julian
Petzold, Linda R.
Cheng, Zhuowei
Lim, Max
Robbins, Ash
Tovar, Kenneth R.
Hansma, Paul K.
Haussler, David
Parks, David F.
Kosik, Kenneth S.
van der Molen, Tjitse
Hierlemann, Andreas
AuthorAffiliation 5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
3 Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
7 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
8 UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
1 Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
4 Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
6 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
9 Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
University of British Columbia, CANADA
2 Depar
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Snippet With the use of high-density multi-electrode recording devices, electrophysiological signals resulting from action potentials of individual neurons can now be...
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SourceType Open Website
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StartPage e0312438
SubjectTerms Action potential
Action Potentials - physiology
Algorithms
Animals
Artificial neural networks
Axons
Biology and Life Sciences
Closed loops
Configuration management
Delay time
Electrodes
Experiments
Firing pattern
Neural networks
Neural Networks, Computer
Neurons
Neurons - physiology
Physical Sciences
Propagation
Real time
Recording
Research and Analysis Methods
Sorting algorithms
Waveforms
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Title RT-Sort: An action potential propagation-based algorithm for real time spike detection and sorting with millisecond latencies
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