Developmental Trajectories and Differences in Functional Brain Network Properties of Preterm and At‐Term Neonates

ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence...

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Published inHuman brain mapping Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. e70126 - n/a
Main Authors López‐Guerrero, N., Alcauter, Sarael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2025
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1065-9471
1097-0193
1097-0193
DOI10.1002/hbm.70126

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Abstract ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth. Our results show nonlinear developmental trajectories for different measures of graph theory in preterm infants, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age.
AbstractList Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth. Our results show nonlinear developmental trajectories for different measures of graph theory in preterm infants, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age.
Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term ( n  = 332) and preterm ( n  = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p  < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.
ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.
Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting-state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at-term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term-equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow-up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at-term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log-linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed-effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term-equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non-linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term-equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting-state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at-term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term-equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow-up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at-term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log-linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed-effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term-equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non-linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term-equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.
Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting-state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at-term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term-equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow-up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at-term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log-linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed-effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term-equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non-linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term-equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.
ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth. Our results show nonlinear developmental trajectories for different measures of graph theory in preterm infants, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age.
Author López‐Guerrero, N.
Alcauter, Sarael
AuthorAffiliation 1 Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro Mexico
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Issue 1
Keywords preterm
development
neonates
graph theory
brain network
Language English
License Attribution
2025 The Author(s). Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Notes This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, México (823584) to Nelsiyamid López‐Guerrero, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Programa UNAM‐PAPIIT IN208622) to Sarael Alcauter and European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007‐2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. [319456].
Funding
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Funding: This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, México (823584) to Nelsiyamid López‐Guerrero, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Programa UNAM‐PAPIIT IN208622) to Sarael Alcauter and European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007‐2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. [319456].
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2019; 10
2015; 220
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2022; 22
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2020; 7
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Snippet ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are...
Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident....
ABSTRACT Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage e70126
SubjectTerms Age
Brain
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - growth & development
Brain - physiology
brain network
Child Development - physiology
Clustering
Cognition
Connectome
Cortex (parietal)
Datasets
development
Equivalence
Female
Functional morphology
Gestational Age
Graph theory
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature - growth & development
Infant, Premature - physiology
Longitudinal Studies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical imaging
Neonates
Nerve Net - diagnostic imaging
Nerve Net - growth & development
Nerve Net - physiology
Neural networks
Neural Pathways - diagnostic imaging
Neural Pathways - growth & development
Neural Pathways - physiology
Neurodevelopment
Neuroimaging
Newborn babies
Premature babies
Premature birth
preterm
Risk factors
Sensorimotor integration
Sensory evaluation
Sensory integration
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Title Developmental Trajectories and Differences in Functional Brain Network Properties of Preterm and At‐Term Neonates
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