Experimental and Kinetic Modeling of Galactose Valorization to Levulinic Acid

Levulinic acid, a versatile chemical building block, was derived from C6-sugar galactose using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Galactose is monosaccharide of polysaccharides constituent that is mostly contained in third generation biomass, macro-microalgae. It currently receives high attention to be...

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Published inBulletin of chemical reaction engineering & catalysis Vol. 17; no. 2; pp. 451 - 465
Main Authors Ringgani, Retno, Azis, Muhammad Mufti, Rochmadi, Rochmadi, Budiman, Arief
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Semarang Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University 01.06.2022
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Subjects
Algae
Alternative energy sources
Biomass
c6-sugar
Carbohydrates
Catalysis
Catalysts
Chemical reactions
Copyright
Decomposition
Engineering
Galactose
Glucose
Kinetics
Levulinic acid
Molecular structure
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Reaction time
Substrates
Sulfuric acid
Temperature effects
valorization
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ISSN1978-2993
1978-2993
DOI10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14032.451-465

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Summary:Levulinic acid, a versatile chemical building block, was derived from C6-sugar galactose using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Galactose is monosaccharide of polysaccharides constituent that is mostly contained in third generation biomass, macro-microalgae. It currently receives high attention to be a source of renewable feedstock. The effect of temperature, catalyst concentration and initial substrate loadings were studied for 60 min, in the temperature range of 150–190 °C, acid concentration of 0.25–0.75 M and initial substrate loading of 0.05–0.25 M. The highest levulinic acid yield of 40.08 wt% was achieved under the following conditions: 0.05 M galactose, 0.75 M acid concentration, 170 °C temperature, and 40 min reaction time. The kinetic model was developed by first order pseudo-irreversible reaction. The results showed that the proposed model could capture the experimental data well. These results suggested that galactose, derived from macro- and micro-algae, can potentially be converted and applied for platform chemicals. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
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ISSN:1978-2993
1978-2993
DOI:10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14032.451-465