Development and feasibility of the misuse, abuse, and diversion drug event reporting system (MADDERS®)

• Published in: The American journal on addictions Vol. 25; no. 8; pp. 641 - 651
• Main Authors: Treister, Roi, Trudeau, Jeremiah J., Van Inwegen, Richard, Jones, Judith K., Katz, Nathaniel P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2016
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics - pharmacology; Child; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic - methods; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic - standards; Drug Information Services - organization & administration; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing - prevention & control; Male; Middle Aged; Prescription Drug Overuse - prevention & control; Risk Management - methods; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Substance-Related Disorders - etiology; Substance-Related Disorders - prevention & control; United States
• ISSN: 1055-0496; 1521-0391
• DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12459

Background and Objectives Inappropriate use of analgesic drugs has become increasingly pervasive over the past decade. Currently, drug abuse potential is primarily assessed post‐marketing; no validated tools are available to assess this potential in phase II and III clinical trials. This paper describes the development and feasibility testing of a Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion Drug Event Reporting System (MADDERS), which aims to identify potentially abuse‐related events and classify them according to a recently developed classification scheme, allowing the quantification of these events in clinical trials. Methods The system was initially conceived and designed with input from experts and patients, followed by field‐testing to assess its feasibility and content validity in both completed and ongoing clinical trials. Results The results suggest that MADDERS is a feasible system with initial validity. It showed higher rates of the triggering events in subjects taking medications with known abuse potential than in patients taking medications without abuse potential. Additionally, experts agreed on the classification of most abuse‐related events in MADDERS. Discussion and Conclusions MADDERS is a new systematic approach to collect information on potentially abuse‐related events in clinical trials and classify them. The system has demonstrated feasibility for implementation. Additional research is ongoing to further evaluate its validity. Scientific Significance Currently, there are no validated tools to assess drug abuse potential during clinical trials. Because of its ease of implementation, its systematic approach, and its preliminary validation results, MADDERS could provide such a tool for clinical trials. (Am J Addict 2016;25:641–651)