A visual approach for driver inattention detection
Monitoring driver fatigue, inattention, and lack of sleep is very important in preventing motor vehicles accidents. A visual system for automatic driver vigilance has to address two fundamental problems. First of all, it has to analyze the sequence of images and detect if the driver has his eyes ope...
Saved in:
Published in | Pattern recognition Vol. 40; no. 8; pp. 2341 - 2355 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2007
Elsevier Science |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0031-3203 1873-5142 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018 |
Cover
Abstract | Monitoring driver fatigue, inattention, and lack of sleep is very important in preventing motor vehicles accidents. A visual system for automatic driver vigilance has to address two fundamental problems. First of all, it has to analyze the sequence of images and detect if the driver has his eyes open or closed, and then it has to evaluate the temporal occurrence of eyes open to estimate the driver's visual attention level. In this paper we propose a visual approach that solves both problems. A neural classifier is applied to recognize the eyes in the image, selecting two candidate regions that might contain the eyes by using iris geometrical information and symmetry. The novelty of this work is that the algorithm works on complex images without constraints on the background, skin color segmentation and so on. Several experiments were carried out on images of subjects with different eye colors, some of them wearing glasses, in different light conditions. Tests show robustness with respect to situations such as eyes partially occluded, head rotation and so on. In particular, when applied to images where people have eyes closed the proposed algorithm correctly reveals the absence of eyes. Next, the analysis of the eye occurrence in image sequences is carried out with a probabilistic model to recognize anomalous behaviors such as driver inattention or sleepiness. Image sequences acquired in the laboratory and while people were driving a car were used to test the driver behavior analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the whole approach. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Monitoring driver fatigue, inattention, and lack of sleep is very important in preventing motor vehicles accidents. A visual system for automatic driver vigilance has to address two fundamental problems. First of all, it has to analyze the sequence of images and detect if the driver has his eyes open or closed, and then it has to evaluate the temporal occurrence of eyes open to estimate the driver's visual attention level. In this paper we propose a visual approach that solves both problems. A neural classifier is applied to recognize the eyes in the image, selecting two candidate regions that might contain the eyes by using iris geometrical information and symmetry. The novelty of this work is that the algorithm works on complex images without constraints on the background, skin color segmentation and so on. Several experiments were carried out on images of subjects with different eye colors, some of them wearing glasses, in different light conditions. Tests show robustness with respect to situations such as eyes partially occluded, head rotation and so on. In particular, when applied to images where people have eyes closed the proposed algorithm correctly reveals the absence of eyes. Next, the analysis of the eye occurrence in image sequences is carried out with a probabilistic model to recognize anomalous behaviors such as driver inattention or sleepiness. Image sequences acquired in the laboratory and while people were driving a car were used to test the driver behavior analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the whole approach. |
Author | Leo, M. D’Orazio, T. Guaragnella, C. Distante, A. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: T. surname: D’Orazio fullname: D’Orazio, T. email: dorazio@ba.issia.cnr.it organization: Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, C.N.R. Via Amendola 122/D-I, 70126 Bari, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Leo fullname: Leo, M. organization: Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, C.N.R. Via Amendola 122/D-I, 70126 Bari, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: C. surname: Guaragnella fullname: Guaragnella, C. organization: DEE-Electrics and Electronics Department, Politecnico di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: A. surname: Distante fullname: Distante, A. organization: Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, C.N.R. Via Amendola 122/D-I, 70126 Bari, Italy |
BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18743525$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
BookMark | eNp9kE9LxDAQxYOs4O7qN_DQi8fWSdL0jwdhWVwVFrzoOUyTVLPUtiRxwW9vSsWDh4WBGZj3HjO_FVn0Q28IuaaQUaDF7SEbMajhPWMAZQY0VnVGlrQqeSpozhZkCcBpyhnwC7Ly_gBAy7hYErZJjtZ_YZfgOLoB1UfSDi7Rzh6NS2yPIZg-2KFPtAlGTdMlOW-x8-bqt6_J2-7hdfuU7l8en7ebfapyYCFloEQNRV1qBlUJyHVesLatGQhEoXXTAG2gYaY2DVeKtUKAaQBzKJpKI-drcjPnjugVdq3DXlkvR2c_0X3L-F3OBRNRdzfrlBu8d6aVygacLg0ObScpyImSPMiZkpwoSaCxqmjO_5n_8k_b7mebiQCO1jjplTW9Mtq6SEnqwZ4O-AGM_YVA |
CODEN | PTNRA8 |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s12555_012_0212_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnhum_2016_00219 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2013_07_108 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2016_2582900 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2013_10_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aap_2021_106249 crossref_primary_10_1049_ipr2_12373 crossref_primary_10_1109_TAFFC_2016_2584042 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2017_2690914 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2014_00321 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_future_2019_12_030 crossref_primary_10_1155_2013_648431 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12046_017_0728_3 crossref_primary_10_5143_JESK_2012_31_2_371 crossref_primary_10_1109_TNSRE_2019_2945794 crossref_primary_10_3233_JIFS_211733 crossref_primary_10_7763_IJIMT_2012_V3_280 crossref_primary_10_1177_0018720810391530 crossref_primary_10_3390_s16111805 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2011_11_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics9050775 crossref_primary_10_1117_1_3657506 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11042_008_0240_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13177_019_00199_w crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_its_2012_0005 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCDS_2018_2889223 crossref_primary_10_1080_1463922X_2018_1529204 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12070_011_0235_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano14040336 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2009_12_001 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0362119722010091 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0218001422520255 crossref_primary_10_1080_00140139_2022_2146206 crossref_primary_10_1088_1741_2552_ad1055 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_832621 crossref_primary_10_35940_ijrte_A5848_0510121 crossref_primary_10_2220_biomedres_32_19 crossref_primary_10_3390_s19010197 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cviu_2011_03_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2021_107955 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10044_013_0331_0 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2013_2271052 crossref_primary_10_31857_S0131164624030074 crossref_primary_10_1134_S0362119724700737 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_iot_2021_100363 crossref_primary_10_3390_s18061676 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnrgo_2023_1104873 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2010_2092770 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00138_011_0321_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2020_102703 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_its_2016_0183 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2019_103376 crossref_primary_10_1177_0018720816657927 crossref_primary_10_1515_pjbr_2018_0002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11063_017_9698_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2014_03_024 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trf_2019_05_013 crossref_primary_10_2486_indhealth_SW_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20226537 crossref_primary_10_2197_ipsjjip_20_267 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41597_024_03222_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_s21196449 crossref_primary_10_7236_JIIBC_2016_16_3_115 crossref_primary_10_1177_0142331213508804 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_770000 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2011_2119483 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2013_2247760 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2023_109965 crossref_primary_10_4236_jtts_2021_112009 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41133_019_0023_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_15389588_2016_1203425 crossref_primary_10_3390_s150924191 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2013_01_048 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2891971 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2022_105718 crossref_primary_10_1155_2017_6191035 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11257_015_9167_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19042352 crossref_primary_10_4018_IJBCE_295866 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aap_2023_107241 crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_its_2013_0009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imavis_2010_11_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2021_108502 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10278_014_9758_0 crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2010_2091503 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2924481 crossref_primary_10_3233_IFS_151779 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2012_07_004 crossref_primary_10_1186_1687_6180_2012_30 crossref_primary_10_3390_s121216937 crossref_primary_10_5772_56296 |
Cites_doi | 10.1109/IVS.2005.1505176 10.1016/j.rti.2003.08.003 10.1007/s00138-004-0139-4 10.1006/rtim.2002.0279 10.1016/S0167-8655(01)00065-4 10.1109/TVT.2004.830974 10.1109/ITSC.2004.1398919 10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00116-9 10.1016/S0031-3203(03)00228-0 10.1109/34.655647 10.1109/34.1000242 10.1109/CVPR.2005.570 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00082-0 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00066-3 10.1109/TITS.2003.821342 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00042-X 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00037-5 10.1109/CVPR.2005.200 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x 10.1016/S0262-8856(99)00053-0 10.1109/ICSMC.2005.1571406 10.1109/ISSCS.2005.1509893 10.1109/34.982883 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2007 Pattern Recognition Society 2007 INIST-CNRS |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2007 Pattern Recognition Society – notice: 2007 INIST-CNRS |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION IQODW |
DOI | 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Pascal-Francis |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Computer Science Applied Sciences |
EISSN | 1873-5142 |
EndPage | 2355 |
ExternalDocumentID | 18743525 10_1016_j_patcog_2007_01_018 S0031320307000544 |
GroupedDBID | --K --M -D8 -DT -~X .DC .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29O 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO AAYFN ABBOA ABEFU ABFNM ABFRF ABHFT ABJNI ABMAC ABTAH ABXDB ABYKQ ACBEA ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADJOM ADMUD ADMXK ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEFWE AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AHZHX AIALX AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F0J F5P FD6 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q G8K GBLVA GBOLZ HLZ HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W JJJVA KOM KZ1 LG9 LMP LY1 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SBC SDF SDG SDP SDS SES SEW SPC SPCBC SST SSV SSZ T5K TN5 UNMZH VOH WUQ XJE XPP ZMT ZY4 ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABDPE ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD AFXIZ AGCQF AGRNS BNPGV IQODW SSH |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-20c590697d20870a3d462ff9205aa5ddbb01b0b2e9eb3cc2f550eb0a406b8da33 |
IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
ISSN | 0031-3203 |
IngestDate | Mon Jul 21 09:13:12 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:07:55 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 03:16:55 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:33:56 EST 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 8 |
Keywords | Mixture Gaussian model Behavior analysis Neural network Iris detection Performance evaluation Automatic classification Probabilistic approach Image processing Mixture theory Motor vehicle Algorithm Signal classification Color image Image segmentation Gaussian process Iris(eye) Image sequence Automatic system Robustness Visual attention Monitoring |
Language | English |
License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 CC BY 4.0 |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c402t-20c590697d20870a3d462ff9205aa5ddbb01b0b2e9eb3cc2f550eb0a406b8da33 |
PageCount | 15 |
ParticipantIDs | pascalfrancis_primary_18743525 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_patcog_2007_01_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_patcog_2007_01_018 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_patcog_2007_01_018 |
ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2007-08-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2007-08-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2007 text: 2007-08-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2000 |
PublicationPlace | Oxford |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford |
PublicationTitle | Pattern recognition |
PublicationYear | 2007 |
Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Science |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier Science |
References | Haro, Flickner, Essa (bib12) June 2000 Dempster, Laird, Rubin (bib38) 1977; 39 S. Park, M. Trivedi, Driver activity analysis for intelligent vehicles: issues and development framework, in: Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Las Vegas, USA, June 2005, pp. 795–800. Zhu, Ji, Lan (bib11) 2004; 53 Smith, Shah, da Vitoria Lobo (bib27) 2003; 4 Kawaguchi, Rizon (bib20) 2003; 36 Y. Ma, X. Ding, Z. Wang, N. Wang, Robust Precise eye location under probabilistic frame work, in: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul Korea, May 2004, pp. 339–344. Everitt, Hand (bib37) 1981 P. Wang, M.B. Green, Q. Ji, J. Wayman, Automatic eye detection and its validation, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), San Diego, USA, vol. 3, June 2005, pp. 164–164. C. Cudalbu, B. Anastasiu, R. Radu, R. Cruceanu, E. Schmidt, E. Barth, Driver monitoring with a single high speed camera and IR illumination, in: International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, ISSCS 2005, Iasi Romania, vol. 1, July 2005, pp. 219–222. E. Wahlstrom, O. Masoud, N. Papanikolopoulos, Monitoring Driver Activities ITS Institute, Research Reports No. CTS 04-05, University of Minnesota. Yang, Kriegman, Ahuja (bib19) 2002; 24 Hsu, Mottleb, Jain (bib17) 2002; 24 Zhu, Ji (bib10) 2004; 15 Morimoto, Koons, Amir, Flickner (bib9) 2000; 18 T. Von Jan,T. Karnahl, K. Seifert, J. Hilgenstock, R. Zobel, Don’t sleep and drive-VW's fatigue detection technology, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. Li, Qi, Wang (bib21) 2001; 22 Sirohey, Rosenfiled, Duric (bib26) 2002; 35 D’Orazio, Guaragnella, Leo, Distante (bib36) 2004; 37 H. Kashima, H. Hongo, K. Kato, K. Yamamoto, A robust iris detection method of facial and eye movement, in: Proceedings of VI 2001 Vision Interface Annual Conference Ottawa, Canada, 7–9 June 2001, pp. 9–14. Chiang, Tai, Yang, Huang, Jaung (bib29) 2003; 9 E.M. Ayoob, R. Grace, A.M. Steinfeld, Driver-vehicle-interface (DVI) development of a drowsy driver detection and warning system for commercial vehicles, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-05-46, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, September 2005. G. Yang, Y. Lin, P. Bhattacharya, A driver fatigue recognition model using fusion of multiple features, in: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Hawai USA, vol. 2, October 2005, pp. 1777–1784. Y. Matsumoto, A. Zelinsky, An algorithm for real time stereo vision implementation of head pose and gaze direction measurement, in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble France, March 2000, pp. 499–504. D.L. Smith, J. Chang, D. Cohen, J. Foley, R. Glasco, A simulation approach for evaluating the relative safety impact of driver distraction during secondary tasks, in: Proceedings of 12th World Congress on ITS, November 6–10, 2005, San Fancisco. Ji, Yang (bib14) 2002; 8 Rowley, Baluja, Kanade (bib16) 1998; 20 V.L. Neale, T. Dingus, S. Klauer, J. Sudweeks, M. Goodman, An overview of the 100-car naturalistic study and findings, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. Baskan, Bulut, Atalay (bib22) 2002; 23 . J. Bilmes, A gentle tutorial on the EM algorithm and its application to parameter estimation for Gaussian mixture and hidden Markov models, Technical Report ICSI-TR-97-021, International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Berkeley, CA, 1997. O. Jesorsky, K. Kirchberg, R. Frischholz, Robust face detection using the Hausdorff distance, in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2091, Halmstad, Sweden, Springer, Berlin, 6–8 June 2001, pp. 90–95. P.S. Rau, Drowsy driver detection and warning system for commercial vehicle drivers: field operational test design, data analyses, and progress, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. K. Torkkola, N. Massey, C. Wood, Driver inattention detection through Intelligent Analysis of Readily Available Sensors, in: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Washington, DC, October 2004, pp. 326–331. Feng, Yuen (bib28) 2001; 34 Sirohey, Rosenfiled (bib25) 2001; 34 P. Wang, Q. Ji, Learning Discriminant features for multiview face and eye detection automatic eye detection and its vadidation, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), San Diego, USA, vol. 1, June 2005, pp. 373–379. 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib24 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib23 Sirohey (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib26) 2002; 35 Baskan (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib22) 2002; 23 Chiang (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib29) 2003; 9 Ji (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib14) 2002; 8 Yang (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib19) 2002; 24 Zhu (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib11) 2004; 53 D’Orazio (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib36) 2004; 37 Smith (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib27) 2003; 4 Kawaguchi (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib20) 2003; 36 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib18 Sirohey (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib25) 2001; 34 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib8 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib13 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib35 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib7 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib34 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib6 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib33 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib5 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib32 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib4 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib39 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib3 Everitt (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib37) 1981 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib2 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib15 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib1 Feng (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib28) 2001; 34 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib31 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib30 Dempster (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib38) 1977; 39 Zhu (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib10) 2004; 15 Haro (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib12) 2000 Li (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib21) 2001; 22 Hsu (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib17) 2002; 24 Morimoto (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib9) 2000; 18 Rowley (10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib16) 1998; 20 |
References_xml | – volume: 34 start-page: 1367 year: 2001 end-page: 1391 ident: bib25 article-title: Eye detection in a face image using linear and nonlinear filters publication-title: Pattern Recognition – reference: K. Torkkola, N. Massey, C. Wood, Driver inattention detection through Intelligent Analysis of Readily Available Sensors, in: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Washington, DC, October 2004, pp. 326–331. – reference: O. Jesorsky, K. Kirchberg, R. Frischholz, Robust face detection using the Hausdorff distance, in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2091, Halmstad, Sweden, Springer, Berlin, 6–8 June 2001, pp. 90–95. – volume: 24 start-page: 696 year: 2002 end-page: 706 ident: bib17 article-title: Face detection in color images publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. – start-page: 163 year: June 2000 end-page: 168 ident: bib12 article-title: Detecting and tracking eyes by using their physiological properties, dynamics, and appearance publication-title: Proceedings of IEEE CVPR 2000 – reference: Y. Matsumoto, A. Zelinsky, An algorithm for real time stereo vision implementation of head pose and gaze direction measurement, in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble France, March 2000, pp. 499–504. – reference: P.S. Rau, Drowsy driver detection and warning system for commercial vehicle drivers: field operational test design, data analyses, and progress, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. – reference: C. Cudalbu, B. Anastasiu, R. Radu, R. Cruceanu, E. Schmidt, E. Barth, Driver monitoring with a single high speed camera and IR illumination, in: International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, ISSCS 2005, Iasi Romania, vol. 1, July 2005, pp. 219–222. – reference: P. Wang, M.B. Green, Q. Ji, J. Wayman, Automatic eye detection and its validation, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), San Diego, USA, vol. 3, June 2005, pp. 164–164. – volume: 24 start-page: 34 year: 2002 end-page: 58 ident: bib19 article-title: Detecting faces in images: a survey publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. – volume: 22 start-page: 1111 year: 2001 end-page: 1124 ident: bib21 article-title: Eye detection by using fuzzy template matching and feature-parameter based judgement publication-title: Pattern Recognition Lett. – volume: 39 start-page: 1 year: 1977 end-page: 38 ident: bib38 article-title: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B – reference: P. Wang, Q. Ji, Learning Discriminant features for multiview face and eye detection automatic eye detection and its vadidation, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), San Diego, USA, vol. 1, June 2005, pp. 373–379. – volume: 15 start-page: 139 year: 2004 end-page: 148 ident: bib10 article-title: Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display publication-title: Mach. Vision Appl. – reference: T. Von Jan,T. Karnahl, K. Seifert, J. Hilgenstock, R. Zobel, Don’t sleep and drive-VW's fatigue detection technology, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. – reference: D.L. Smith, J. Chang, D. Cohen, J. Foley, R. Glasco, A simulation approach for evaluating the relative safety impact of driver distraction during secondary tasks, in: Proceedings of 12th World Congress on ITS, November 6–10, 2005, San Fancisco. – volume: 53 start-page: 1052 year: 2004 end-page: 1068 ident: bib11 article-title: Real time non intrusive monitoring and prediction of driver fatigue publication-title: IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technol. – volume: 20 start-page: 23 year: 1998 end-page: 38 ident: bib16 article-title: Neural network-based face detection publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. – volume: 36 start-page: 549 year: 2003 end-page: 562 ident: bib20 article-title: Iris detection using intensity and edge information publication-title: Pattern Recognition – volume: 37 start-page: 393 year: 2004 end-page: 408 ident: bib36 article-title: A new algorithm for ball recognition using circle Hough transform and neural classifier publication-title: Pattern Recognition – reference: E. Wahlstrom, O. Masoud, N. Papanikolopoulos, Monitoring Driver Activities ITS Institute, Research Reports No. CTS 04-05, University of Minnesota. – reference: G. Yang, Y. Lin, P. Bhattacharya, A driver fatigue recognition model using fusion of multiple features, in: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Hawai USA, vol. 2, October 2005, pp. 1777–1784. – volume: 23 start-page: 1623 year: 2002 end-page: 1629 ident: bib22 article-title: Projection based method for segmentation of human face and its evaluation publication-title: Pattern Recognition Lett. – volume: 18 start-page: 331 year: 2000 end-page: 335 ident: bib9 article-title: Pupil detection and tracking using multiple light sources publication-title: Image Vision Comput. – year: 1981 ident: bib37 article-title: Finite Mixture Distributions – reference: H. Kashima, H. Hongo, K. Kato, K. Yamamoto, A robust iris detection method of facial and eye movement, in: Proceedings of VI 2001 Vision Interface Annual Conference Ottawa, Canada, 7–9 June 2001, pp. 9–14. – volume: 9 start-page: 277 year: 2003 end-page: 287 ident: bib29 article-title: A novel method for detecting lips, eyes and faces in real time publication-title: Real Time Imaging – volume: 4 start-page: 205 year: 2003 end-page: 218 ident: bib27 article-title: Determining driver visual attention with one camera publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. – reference: S. Park, M. Trivedi, Driver activity analysis for intelligent vehicles: issues and development framework, in: Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Las Vegas, USA, June 2005, pp. 795–800. – volume: 8 start-page: 357 year: 2002 end-page: 377 ident: bib14 article-title: Real time eye gaze and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance publication-title: Real-Time Imaging – volume: 34 start-page: 1033 year: 2001 end-page: 1046 ident: bib28 article-title: Multi cues eye detection on gray intensity image publication-title: Pattern Recognition – reference: E.M. Ayoob, R. Grace, A.M. Steinfeld, Driver-vehicle-interface (DVI) development of a drowsy driver detection and warning system for commercial vehicles, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-05-46, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, September 2005. – volume: 35 start-page: 1389 year: 2002 end-page: 1401 ident: bib26 article-title: A method of detection and tracking iris and eyelids in video publication-title: Pattern Recognition – reference: J. Bilmes, A gentle tutorial on the EM algorithm and its application to parameter estimation for Gaussian mixture and hidden Markov models, Technical Report ICSI-TR-97-021, International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Berkeley, CA, 1997. – reference: . – reference: Y. Ma, X. Ding, Z. Wang, N. Wang, Robust Precise eye location under probabilistic frame work, in: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Seoul Korea, May 2004, pp. 339–344. – reference: V.L. Neale, T. Dingus, S. Klauer, J. Sudweeks, M. Goodman, An overview of the 100-car naturalistic study and findings, in: Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC, June 6–9, 2005. – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib3 doi: 10.1109/IVS.2005.1505176 – volume: 9 start-page: 277 issue: 4 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib29 article-title: A novel method for detecting lips, eyes and faces in real time publication-title: Real Time Imaging doi: 10.1016/j.rti.2003.08.003 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib33 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib35 – volume: 15 start-page: 139 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib10 article-title: Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display publication-title: Mach. Vision Appl. doi: 10.1007/s00138-004-0139-4 – volume: 8 start-page: 357 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib14 article-title: Real time eye gaze and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance publication-title: Real-Time Imaging doi: 10.1006/rtim.2002.0279 – volume: 22 start-page: 1111 issue: 10 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib21 article-title: Eye detection by using fuzzy template matching and feature-parameter based judgement publication-title: Pattern Recognition Lett. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8655(01)00065-4 – volume: 53 start-page: 1052 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib11 article-title: Real time non intrusive monitoring and prediction of driver fatigue publication-title: IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technol. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2004.830974 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib18 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib1 doi: 10.1109/ITSC.2004.1398919 – volume: 35 start-page: 1389 issue: 6 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib26 article-title: A method of detection and tracking iris and eyelids in video publication-title: Pattern Recognition doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(01)00116-9 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib5 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib39 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib7 – start-page: 163 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib12 article-title: Detecting and tracking eyes by using their physiological properties, dynamics, and appearance – volume: 37 start-page: 393 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib36 article-title: A new algorithm for ball recognition using circle Hough transform and neural classifier publication-title: Pattern Recognition doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(03)00228-0 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib23 – year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib37 – volume: 20 start-page: 23 issue: 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib16 article-title: Neural network-based face detection publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. doi: 10.1109/34.655647 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib32 – volume: 24 start-page: 696 issue: 5 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib17 article-title: Face detection in color images publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. doi: 10.1109/34.1000242 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib30 doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2005.570 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib34 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib8 – volume: 34 start-page: 1367 issue: 7 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib25 article-title: Eye detection in a face image using linear and nonlinear filters publication-title: Pattern Recognition doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00082-0 – volume: 36 start-page: 549 issue: 2 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib20 article-title: Iris detection using intensity and edge information publication-title: Pattern Recognition doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00066-3 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib15 – volume: 4 start-page: 205 issue: 4 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib27 article-title: Determining driver visual attention with one camera publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2003.821342 – volume: 34 start-page: 1033 issue: 5 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib28 article-title: Multi cues eye detection on gray intensity image publication-title: Pattern Recognition doi: 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00042-X – volume: 23 start-page: 1623 issue: 14 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib22 article-title: Projection based method for segmentation of human face and its evaluation publication-title: Pattern Recognition Lett. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8655(02)00037-5 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib31 doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2005.200 – volume: 39 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib38 article-title: Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm publication-title: J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x – volume: 18 start-page: 331 issue: 4 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib9 article-title: Pupil detection and tracking using multiple light sources publication-title: Image Vision Comput. doi: 10.1016/S0262-8856(99)00053-0 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib2 doi: 10.1109/ICSMC.2005.1571406 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib4 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib13 doi: 10.1109/ISSCS.2005.1509893 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib6 – ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib24 – volume: 24 start-page: 34 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018_bib19 article-title: Detecting faces in images: a survey publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. doi: 10.1109/34.982883 |
SSID | ssj0017142 |
Score | 2.2959294 |
Snippet | Monitoring driver fatigue, inattention, and lack of sleep is very important in preventing motor vehicles accidents. A visual system for automatic driver... |
SourceID | pascalfrancis crossref elsevier |
SourceType | Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
StartPage | 2341 |
SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Behavior analysis Computer science; control theory; systems Connectionism. Neural networks Exact sciences and technology Image processing Information, signal and communications theory Iris detection Mixture Gaussian model Neural network Signal and communications theory Signal processing Signal representation. Spectral analysis Signal, noise Telecommunications and information theory |
Title | A visual approach for driver inattention detection |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2007.01.018 |
Volume | 40 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier ScienceDirect customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5142 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017142 issn: 0031-3203 databaseCode: .~1 dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals [SCFCJ] customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5142 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017142 issn: 0031-3203 databaseCode: AIKHN dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: ScienceDirect (Elsevier) customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5142 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017142 issn: 0031-3203 databaseCode: ACRLP dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: Elsevier Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 1873-5142 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0017142 issn: 0031-3203 databaseCode: AKRWK dateStart: 19680101 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEF5KvQjiW6yPsgeva5NNNo9jKZaq2JOF3sI-JSJpaFOP_nZnk021BykIewq7SZidncfyzTcI3UGWkUY6pkRoY4htdU8gjWCEgzuKZSyYqcujX6bRZBY-zdm8g0ZtLYyFVTrb39j02lq7JwMnzUGZ57bG19IO1kprAw_LCWrZv0Cn7782MA_b37thDA98Yme35XM1xqsEc7d4c0SGPozkL_d0UPIVCM003S5-uaDxMTp0sSMeNr93gjq6OEVHbV8G7I7pGaJD_Jmv1jC1ZQzHEJpitbQYDJwXllKzBjlipasailWco9n44XU0Ia43ApGQ8VWg3JKlIOdYUQ-OHA9UGFFjUuoxzplSQni-8ATVKWTLUlIDmYgWHgf_LRLFg-ACdYtFoS8RDiNfGsWl8GLIxez-BGEUaQqhQcLDNOyhoBVJJh1xuO1f8ZG1CLH3rBGk7WkZZ54PI-khsllVNsQZO-bHrbSzLQXIwLbvWNnf2pyfzyUQHjHKrv796mu039zlWsDfDepWy7W-hSCkEv1ay_pob_j4PJl-A-0s2ro |
linkProvider | Elsevier |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1La4NAEB7S5NBC6bs0faQeepXouuvjGEKDaR6nBHKTXV1LSjGSmP7-zuqaNocSKOxJdlVmZ-eh33wD8IJZRuBKj5hCpqmpWt2bmEYwk6M78mJPsLQsj55M3XBO3xZs0YB-XQujYJXa9lc2vbTW-kpXS7ObL5eqxlfRDpZKqwIPegQtytAmN6HVG47C6e5ngmfTijTcsU21oK6gK2FeOVq81bvmMrRx-H95qNOcb1BuadXw4pcXGlzAmQ4fjV71hpfQkNkVnNetGQx9Uq-B9Iyv5WaLU2vScAOjUyNZKxiGscwUq2aJczQSWZRorOwG5oPXWT80dXsEM8akr0D9jlmAovYSYuGp405CXZKmAbEY5yxJhLBsYQkiA0yY45ikmIxIYXF04cJPuOPcQjNbZfIODOracZrwWFgepmNqixzqupJgdOBzGtA2OLVIolhzh6sWFp9RDRL7iCpBqraWXmTZOPw2mLtVecWdcWC-V0s72tOBCM37gZWdvc35eZyPERIj7P7ft36G43A2GUfj4XT0ACfVp12F_3uEZrHeyieMSQrR0Tr3DWmZ3WU |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+visual+approach+for+driver+inattention+detection&rft.jtitle=Pattern+recognition&rft.au=D%27ORAZIO%2C+T&rft.au=LEO%2C+M&rft.au=GUARAGNELLA%2C+C&rft.au=DISTANTE%2C+A&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.issn=0031-3203&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2341&rft.epage=2355&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.patcog.2007.01.018&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=18743525 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0031-3203&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0031-3203&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0031-3203&client=summon |