A simple method to predict temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces
Summary Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large...
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| Published in | The structural design of tall and special buildings Vol. 25; no. 14; pp. 724 - 740 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
10.10.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1541-7794 1541-7808 |
| DOI | 10.1002/tal.1280 |
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| Abstract | Summary
Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large spaces is different from that in normal enclosure fires as they have lower maximum temperatures and non‐uniform temperature distributions. In the present study, a whole process prediction method for the development of smoke temperatures in a large space localized fire is proposed. The prediction method accurately reflects the temperature curves (in the growing, fully developed and decay phases) and the uniform temperature distribution in large space localized fires. Based on basic heat transfer principles and the proposed smoke temperature development model, a new relationship is proposed to predict the temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces. There is only one variable, t (time), in the proposed relationship, and thus, it is very simple to implement in evaluating temperatures, and it accurately reflects the development of the whole fire process (growing, fully developed and decay phases). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| AbstractList | Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large spaces is different from that in normal enclosure fires as they have lower maximum temperatures and non-uniform temperature distributions. In the present study, a whole process prediction method for the development of smoke temperatures in a large space localized fire is proposed. The prediction method accurately reflects the temperature curves (in the growing, fully developed and decay phases) and the uniform temperature distribution in large space localized fires. Based on basic heat transfer principles and the proposed smoke temperature development model, a new relationship is proposed to predict the temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces. There is only one variable, t (time), in the proposed relationship, and thus, it is very simple to implement in evaluating temperatures, and it accurately reflects the development of the whole fire process (growing, fully developed and decay phases). Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large spaces is different from that in normal enclosure fires as they have lower maximum temperatures and non‐uniform temperature distributions. In the present study, a whole process prediction method for the development of smoke temperatures in a large space localized fire is proposed. The prediction method accurately reflects the temperature curves (in the growing, fully developed and decay phases) and the uniform temperature distribution in large space localized fires. Based on basic heat transfer principles and the proposed smoke temperature development model, a new relationship is proposed to predict the temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces. There is only one variable, t (time), in the proposed relationship, and thus, it is very simple to implement in evaluating temperatures, and it accurately reflects the development of the whole fire process (growing, fully developed and decay phases). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Summary Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large spaces is different from that in normal enclosure fires as they have lower maximum temperatures and non-uniform temperature distributions. In the present study, a whole process prediction method for the development of smoke temperatures in a large space localized fire is proposed. The prediction method accurately reflects the temperature curves (in the growing, fully developed and decay phases) and the uniform temperature distribution in large space localized fires. Based on basic heat transfer principles and the proposed smoke temperature development model, a new relationship is proposed to predict the temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces. There is only one variable, t (time), in the proposed relationship, and thus, it is very simple to implement in evaluating temperatures, and it accurately reflects the development of the whole fire process (growing, fully developed and decay phases). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Summary Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the steel temperature development during the whole process of a localized fire in large spaces. The smoke temperature development in large spaces is different from that in normal enclosure fires as they have lower maximum temperatures and non‐uniform temperature distributions. In the present study, a whole process prediction method for the development of smoke temperatures in a large space localized fire is proposed. The prediction method accurately reflects the temperature curves (in the growing, fully developed and decay phases) and the uniform temperature distribution in large space localized fires. Based on basic heat transfer principles and the proposed smoke temperature development model, a new relationship is proposed to predict the temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces. There is only one variable, t (time), in the proposed relationship, and thus, it is very simple to implement in evaluating temperatures, and it accurately reflects the development of the whole fire process (growing, fully developed and decay phases). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Guanglin, Yuan Guoqing, Zhu Guowei, Zhang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhang surname: Guowei fullname: Guowei, Zhang organization: School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhu surname: Guoqing fullname: Guoqing, Zhu email: zgw119xz@126.com, Correspondence to: Guoqing Zhu, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China., zgw119xz@126.com organization: School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yuan surname: Guanglin fullname: Guanglin, Yuan organization: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Civil Engineering, Xuzhou, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.05.005 10.1016/S0379-7112(02)00057-7 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.11.001 10.1016/0379-7112(87)90029-4 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.05.006 10.1016/0379-7112(88)90011-2 10.1007/s10694-011-0239-4 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.04.002 10.1080/08916150600616949 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.07.004 10.1115/1.3245575 10.1016/S0379-7112(03)00028-6 10.1016/S0379-7112(96)00016-1 10.1002/tal.214 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.001 10.1016/j.jlp.2008.09.002 10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.009 10.12989/scs.2006.6.2.159 10.1007/s10694-011-0241-x 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.12.010 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.01.030 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.11.003 10.1016/S0379-7112(02)00082-6 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Wong MB, Ghojel JI. 2003. Spreadsheet method for temperature calculation of unprotected steelwork subject to fire. Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 12(2): 83-92. – reference: Zhang G, Zhu G, Yuan G, Li Q. 2014. Performance-based evaluation of large steel-framed structures in the overall fire process. Journal of Applied Mathematics 604936: 1-11. – reference: Mouritz AP, Mathys Z, Gibson AG. 2006. Heat release of polymer composites in fire. Composites Part A Applied Science & Manufacturing 37(7): 1040-1054. – reference: Tests IFR. 1975. Elements of Building Construction, ISO-834. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva. – reference: Ezinwa JU, Robson LD, Obach MR et al. 2014. Evaluating models for predicting full-scale fire behaviour of polyurethane foam using cone calorimeter data. Fire Technology 50(3): 693-719. – reference: Lennon T, Moore D. 2003. The natural fire safety concept-full-scale tests at Cardington. Fire Safety Journal 38(7): 623-643. – reference: Du Y, Li G. 2012. A new temperature-time curve for fire-resistance analysis of structures. Fire Safety Journal 54: 113-120. – reference: Kay TR, Kirby BR, Preston RR. 1996. Calculation of heating rate of an unprotected steel member in a standard fire resistance test. Fire Safety Journal 26(4): 327-350. – reference: Harmathy TZ, Sultan MA. 1988. Correlation between the severities of the ASTM E119 and ISO 834 fire exposures. Fire Safety Journal 13: 163-168. – reference: Latham DJ, Kirby BR, Thomson G. 1987. The temperature attained by unprotected structural steelwork in experimental natural fires. Fire Safety Journal (12): 139-72. – reference: Wong MB, Ghojel JI. 2003. Sensitivity analysis of heat transfer formulations for insulated structural steel components. Fire Safety Journal 38(2): 187-201. – reference: Gutiérrez-Montes C et al. 2009. Experimental data and numerical modelling of 1.3 and 2.3 MW fires in a 20 m cubic atrium. Building and Environment 44(9): 1827-1839. – reference: Zhang G, Zhu G, Yuan G et al. 2013. Temperature model of steel members exposed to thermal radiation and fire in large space building. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology 45(6): 96-101. – reference: DD240 BS. 1997. Fire safety engineering in buildings. British Standard Institute: British. – reference: Shi CL, Zhong MH, Fu TR et al. 2009. An investigation on spill plume temperature of large space building fires. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 22(1): 76-85. – reference: Wald F et al. 2006. Temperature distribution in a full-scale steel framed building subject to a natural fire. Steel and composite structure 6(2): 159-182. – reference: ASTM. 2005. Standard methods of fire tests of building construction and materials (ASTM Standard E119-05), American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken: PA. – reference: Zhang G, Zhu G, Huang L. 2013. Experiment and theoretical model for the temperature development in steel members exposed to fire in the large space building. Journal of China University of Mining and Technolgy 42(3): 370-374. – reference: Wald F, Simões da Silva L, Moore DB et al. 2006. Experimental behaviour of a steel structure under natural fire. Fire Safety Journal 41(7): 509-522. – reference: Dwaikat MMS, Kodur VKR. 2012. A simplified approach for predicting temperature profile in steel members with locally damaged fire protection. Fire Technology 48(2): 493-512. – reference: Chow WK, Han SS. 2006. A study on heat release rates of furniture under well-developed fire. Experimental Heat Transfer 19(3): 209-226. – reference: Wang ZH, Au SK, Tan KH. 2005. Heat transfer analysis using a Green's function approach for uniformly insulated steel members subjected to fire. Engineering Structures 27(10): 1551-1562. – reference: Barnett CR. 2007. Replacing international temperature-time curves with BFD curve. Fire Safety Journal 42: 321-327. – reference: Karlsson B, Quintiere JG. 2000. Enclosure fire dynamics. CRC Press: 51-60. – reference: Welch S, Jowsey A, Deeny S et al. 2007. BRE large compartment fire tests-characterising post-flashover fires for model validation. Fire Safety Journal 42(8): 548-567. – reference: Smith EE, Satija S, Smith EE et al. 1983. Release rate model for developing fires. Journal of Heat Transfer 105(2): 281-287. – reference: Xue W, Zhang G-J. 2006. FDS fire simulation and application. Jilin Forestry Science and Technology 6: 4-8. – reference: Ma TG, Quintiere JG. 2003. Numerical simulation of axi-symmetric fire plumes: accuracy and limitations. Fire Safety Journal 38(5): 467-492. – reference: Shen T-S, Huang Y-H, Chien S-W. 2008. Using fire dynamic simulation (FDS) to reconstruct an arson fire scene. Building and Environment 43(6): 1036-1045. – reference: Ghojel JI, Wong MB. 2005. Heat transfer model for unprotected steel members in a standard compartment fire with participating medium. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 61: 825-833. – reference: Gardner L, Ng KT. 2006. Temperature development in structural stainless steel sections exposed to fire. 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numerical modelling of 1.3 and 2.3 MW fires in a 20 m cubic atrium publication-title: Building and Environment – volume: 37 start-page: 1040 issue: 7 year: 2006 end-page: 1054 article-title: Heat release of polymer composites in fire publication-title: Composites Part A Applied Science & Manufacturing – start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 11 article-title: Performance‐based evaluation of large steel‐framed structures in the overall fire process publication-title: Journal of Applied Mathematics – volume: 6 start-page: 4 year: 2006 end-page: 8 article-title: FDS fire simulation and application publication-title: Jilin Forestry Science and Technology – year: 1975 – volume: 19 start-page: 209 issue: 3 year: 2006 end-page: 226 article-title: A study on heat release rates of furniture under well‐developed fire publication-title: Experimental Heat Transfer – volume: 12 start-page: 83 issue: 2 year: 2003 end-page: 92 article-title: Spreadsheet method for temperature calculation of unprotected steelwork subject to fire publication-title: Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings – volume: 41 start-page: 509 issue: 7 year: 2006 end-page: 522 article-title: Experimental behaviour of a steel structure under natural fire publication-title: Fire Safety Journal – volume: 42 start-page: 321 year: 2007 end-page: 327 article-title: Replacing international temperature–time curves with BFD curve publication-title: Fire Safety Journal – volume: 38 start-page: 467 issue: 5 year: 2003 end-page: 492 article-title: Numerical simulation of axi‐symmetric fire plumes: accuracy and limitations publication-title: Fire Safety Journal – volume: 45 start-page: 96 issue: 6 year: 2013 end-page: 101 article-title: Temperature model of steel members exposed to thermal radiation and fire in large space building publication-title: Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology – volume: 43 start-page: 1036 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1045 article-title: Using fire dynamic simulation (FDS) to 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Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to... Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to predict the... Summary Temperature development is a key issue for fire protection of steel structures. However, until now, there has been little systematic approach to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Decay Exposure fire engineering Fire protection Fires Heat transfer localized fire Mathematical models Phases Smoke steel structures Structural steels temperature development Temperature distribution |
| Title | A simple method to predict temperature development in a protected steel member exposed to localized fire in large spaces |
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