Effect of salinity on growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in aquaponic system using inland saline groundwater
This study was carried out to find suitable salinity for the best growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in an aquaponic system. The experimental design consisted of inland saline groundwater with salinities 3, 6 and 9 g L−1 as treatm...
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| Published in | Aquaculture research Vol. 52; no. 12; pp. 6288 - 6298 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.12.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1355-557X 1365-2109 |
| DOI | 10.1111/are.15492 |
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| Abstract | This study was carried out to find suitable salinity for the best growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in an aquaponic system. The experimental design consisted of inland saline groundwater with salinities 3, 6 and 9 g L−1 as treatments and freshwater as control, carried out in 12 identical aquaponics units with fish stocked at a biomass 1.3 kg m−3 and plants at a density 40 m−2. Nile tilapia reared at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio compared to freshwater. The feed conversion ratio of fish at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 ranged between 1.31–1.43 and significantly differed from control. Final mean biomass were statistically similar at 9 g L−1 (5 kg m−3), 6 g L−1 (4.92 kg m−3) and 3 g L−1 (4.68 kg m−3). Survival of O. niloticus was 100% in all the salinities tested. Spinach was harvested twice during the study, in the first harvest the yield was observed higher in freshwater followed by 3, 6 and 9 g L−1, but in the second harvest, the higher yield was observed in 9 g L−1 followed by 6 g L−1, 3 g L−1 and freshwater. Based on the overall production performance and water quality parameters, a salinity of 9 g L−1 was found to be the best for the integration of Nile tilapia and Spinach in an aquaponic system. |
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| AbstractList | This study was carried out to find suitable salinity for the best growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in an aquaponic system. The experimental design consisted of inland saline groundwater with salinities 3, 6 and 9 g L−1 as treatments and freshwater as control, carried out in 12 identical aquaponics units with fish stocked at a biomass 1.3 kg m−3 and plants at a density 40 m−2. Nile tilapia reared at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio compared to freshwater. The feed conversion ratio of fish at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 ranged between 1.31–1.43 and significantly differed from control. Final mean biomass were statistically similar at 9 g L−1 (5 kg m−3), 6 g L−1 (4.92 kg m−3) and 3 g L−1 (4.68 kg m−3). Survival of O. niloticus was 100% in all the salinities tested. Spinach was harvested twice during the study, in the first harvest the yield was observed higher in freshwater followed by 3, 6 and 9 g L−1, but in the second harvest, the higher yield was observed in 9 g L−1 followed by 6 g L−1, 3 g L−1 and freshwater. Based on the overall production performance and water quality parameters, a salinity of 9 g L−1 was found to be the best for the integration of Nile tilapia and Spinach in an aquaponic system. This study was carried out to find suitable salinity for the best growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in an aquaponic system. The experimental design consisted of inland saline groundwater with salinities 3, 6 and 9 g L⁻¹ as treatments and freshwater as control, carried out in 12 identical aquaponics units with fish stocked at a biomass 1.3 kg m⁻³ and plants at a density 40 m⁻². Nile tilapia reared at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L⁻¹ showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio compared to freshwater. The feed conversion ratio of fish at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L⁻¹ ranged between 1.31–1.43 and significantly differed from control. Final mean biomass were statistically similar at 9 g L⁻¹ (5 kg m⁻³), 6 g L⁻¹ (4.92 kg m⁻³) and 3 g L⁻¹ (4.68 kg m⁻³). Survival of O. niloticus was 100% in all the salinities tested. Spinach was harvested twice during the study, in the first harvest the yield was observed higher in freshwater followed by 3, 6 and 9 g L⁻¹, but in the second harvest, the higher yield was observed in 9 g L⁻¹ followed by 6 g L⁻¹, 3 g L⁻¹ and freshwater. Based on the overall production performance and water quality parameters, a salinity of 9 g L⁻¹ was found to be the best for the integration of Nile tilapia and Spinach in an aquaponic system. This study was carried out to find suitable salinity for the best growth performance and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in an aquaponic system. The experimental design consisted of inland saline groundwater with salinities 3, 6 and 9 g L−1 as treatments and freshwater as control, carried out in 12 identical aquaponics units with fish stocked at a biomass 1.3 kg m−3 and plants at a density 40 m−2. Nile tilapia reared at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio compared to freshwater. The feed conversion ratio of fish at salinities 9, 6 and 3 g L−1 ranged between 1.31–1.43 and significantly differed from control. Final mean biomass were statistically similar at 9 g L−1 (5 kg m−3), 6 g L−1 (4.92 kg m−3) and 3 g L−1 (4.68 kg m−3). Survival of O. niloticus was 100% in all the salinities tested. Spinach was harvested twice during the study, in the first harvest the yield was observed higher in freshwater followed by 3, 6 and 9 g L−1, but in the second harvest, the higher yield was observed in 9 g L−1 followed by 6 g L−1, 3 g L−1 and freshwater. Based on the overall production performance and water quality parameters, a salinity of 9 g L−1 was found to be the best for the integration of Nile tilapia and Spinach in an aquaponic system. |
| Author | Thomas, Ritty Maria Krishna, Hari Verma, Ajit Kumar Peter, Roshan Maria Kumar, Ashok Prakash, Satya |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ritty Maria surname: Thomas fullname: Thomas, Ritty Maria organization: ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education – sequence: 2 givenname: Ajit Kumar orcidid: 0000-0001-7466-1213 surname: Verma fullname: Verma, Ajit Kumar email: akverma@cife.edu.in organization: ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education – sequence: 3 givenname: Hari surname: Krishna fullname: Krishna, Hari organization: Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Rohtak – sequence: 4 givenname: Satya surname: Prakash fullname: Prakash, Satya organization: Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Rohtak – sequence: 5 givenname: Ashok surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Ashok organization: Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Rohtak – sequence: 6 givenname: Roshan Maria surname: Peter fullname: Peter, Roshan Maria organization: ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education |
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| Copyright | 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
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| SubjectTerms | Aquaponics Biomass Conversion ratio Design of experiments Experimental design Feed conversion Feed conversion efficiency Feed efficiency Feeds Fish Food conversion Fresh water Freshwater Freshwater fish Freshwater fishes Groundwater growth performance inland saline groundwater Inland water environment Marine fishes Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Ponds protein efficiency ratio Saline groundwater Salinity Salinity effects Spinach Spinacia oleracea Survival Tilapia Vegetables Water quality Yields |
| Title | Effect of salinity on growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in aquaponic system using inland saline groundwater |
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