Triclocarban-induced change in intracellular Ca2+ level in rat thymocytes: Cytometric analysis with Fluo-3 under Zn2+-free conditions

•Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products.•Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood.•Triclocarban initially released Ca2+ from intracellular store in murine cells.•Triclocarban lately induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels.•Triclocarban may d...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inEnvironmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 563 - 570
Main Authors Miura, Yukari, Chen, Xiaohui, Yamada, Saki, Sugihara, Aya, Enkhjargal, Molomjamts, Sun, Yuanzhi, Kuroda, Keiko, Satoh, Masaya, Oyama, Yasuo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2014
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1382-6689
1872-7077
1872-7077
DOI10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013

Cover

Abstract •Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products.•Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood.•Triclocarban initially released Ca2+ from intracellular store in murine cells.•Triclocarban lately induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels.•Triclocarban may disturb intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human cells. Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects who showered with soap containing TCC. In this study, the effect of TCC on intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymocytes was examined using Fluo-3, an indicator of intracellular Ca2+. TCC at concentrations ranging from 0.1μM to 3μM increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration biphasically: first by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores and then inducing Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. The threshold TCC concentration to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration in this study was lower than the maximum TCC concentrations reported in human blood samples. Therefore, we anticipate that TCC at concentrations reported in human blood samples might disturb intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human lymphocytes.
AbstractList Highlights • Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products. • Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood. • Triclocarban initially released Ca2+ from intracellular store in murine cells. • Triclocarban lately induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. • Triclocarban may disturb intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human cells.
Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects who showered with soap containing TCC. In this study, the effect of TCC on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in rat thymocytes was examined using Fluo-3, an indicator of intracellular Ca(2+). TCC at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 3 μM increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration biphasically: first by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores and then inducing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. The threshold TCC concentration to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in this study was lower than the maximum TCC concentrations reported in human blood samples. Therefore, we anticipate that TCC at concentrations reported in human blood samples might disturb intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in human lymphocytes.
•Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products.•Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood.•Triclocarban initially released Ca2+ from intracellular store in murine cells.•Triclocarban lately induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels.•Triclocarban may disturb intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human cells. Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects who showered with soap containing TCC. In this study, the effect of TCC on intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat thymocytes was examined using Fluo-3, an indicator of intracellular Ca2+. TCC at concentrations ranging from 0.1μM to 3μM increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration biphasically: first by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores and then inducing Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels. The threshold TCC concentration to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration in this study was lower than the maximum TCC concentrations reported in human blood samples. Therefore, we anticipate that TCC at concentrations reported in human blood samples might disturb intracellular Ca2+ signaling in human lymphocytes.
Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects who showered with soap containing TCC. In this study, the effect of TCC on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in rat thymocytes was examined using Fluo-3, an indicator of intracellular Ca(2+). TCC at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 3 μM increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration biphasically: first by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores and then inducing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. The threshold TCC concentration to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in this study was lower than the maximum TCC concentrations reported in human blood samples. Therefore, we anticipate that TCC at concentrations reported in human blood samples might disturb intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in human lymphocytes.Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects who showered with soap containing TCC. In this study, the effect of TCC on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in rat thymocytes was examined using Fluo-3, an indicator of intracellular Ca(2+). TCC at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 3 μM increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration biphasically: first by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular Ca(2+) stores and then inducing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. The threshold TCC concentration to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in this study was lower than the maximum TCC concentrations reported in human blood samples. Therefore, we anticipate that TCC at concentrations reported in human blood samples might disturb intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in human lymphocytes.
Author Satoh, Masaya
Oyama, Yasuo
Sun, Yuanzhi
Enkhjargal, Molomjamts
Kuroda, Keiko
Yamada, Saki
Chen, Xiaohui
Miura, Yukari
Sugihara, Aya
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yukari
  surname: Miura
  fullname: Miura, Yukari
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xiaohui
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Xiaohui
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Saki
  surname: Yamada
  fullname: Yamada, Saki
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Aya
  surname: Sugihara
  fullname: Sugihara, Aya
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Molomjamts
  surname: Enkhjargal
  fullname: Enkhjargal, Molomjamts
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Yuanzhi
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Yuanzhi
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Keiko
  surname: Kuroda
  fullname: Kuroda, Keiko
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Masaya
  surname: Satoh
  fullname: Satoh, Masaya
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Yasuo
  surname: Oyama
  fullname: Oyama, Yasuo
  email: oyama@ias.tokushima-u.ac.jp, oyamay@tokushima-u.ac.jp
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24562054$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFUl1rFDEUHaRiP_QP-CB5FMqs-ZiPbBFBFqtCwQfriy_hTubGzZpNapKpzA_wf5th25eCFS4kkHNOuOec0-rIB49V9ZLRFaOse7NbYYabFaesWVFWRjypTpjsed3Tvj8qdyF53XVyfVydprSjlLVCyGfVMW_ajtO2Oan-XEerXdAQB_C19eOkcSR6C_4HEuvL5AganZscRLIBfk4c3qJb3iJkkrfzPug5Y7ogmzmHPeYiSMCDm5NN5LfNW3LpplALMvkRI_nu-XltIiLRwY822-DT8-qpAZfwxd15Vn27_HC9-VRfffn4efP-qtZizXPNZceHcU3brh1HEAxGIw1vZGPY2AOuQQ9GdEYDwrAuWEORUhh0a4xENjTirHp90L2J4deEKau9Tct24DFMSbGWNY3oeykL9NUddBr2OKqbaPcQZ3VvXQHIA0DHkFJEo7TNsKxTHLNOMaqWlNROLSmpJSVFWRlRqPwB9V79UdLbAwmLQbcWo0raoi9x2Yg6qzHYx-nvHtC1s95qcD9xxrQLUyyZFQtU4oqqr0t3luqwhpbeNIvAxb8F_vf7Xypd1eA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_tox_22675
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_watres_2023_119736
crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_6272_aa9479
Cites_doi 10.1038/nature05637
10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.07.020
10.1021/ja011774y
10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132550
10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.09.003
10.1897/07-374.1
10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.012
10.1289/ehp.11200
10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.006
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)99100-3
10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.022
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.077
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.054
10.1073/pnas.91.1.237
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83166-0
10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.016
10.1016/0005-2736(92)90275-Q
10.1254/jjp.71.299
10.4049/jimmunol.132.1.38
10.1016/S1382-6689(99)00026-5
10.1016/0304-3835(96)04349-2
10.1073/pnas.95.7.3489
10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.497
10.1016/0926-6917(95)00003-8
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.082
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83165-9
10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.004
10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015597
10.1182/blood.V84.5.1415.bloodjournal8451415
10.1083/jcb.200502019
10.1073/pnas.0702866104
10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.020
10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00543.x
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Elsevier B.V.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2014 Elsevier B.V.
– notice: Elsevier B.V.
– notice: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE


MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Public Health
Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology
EISSN 1872-7077
EndPage 570
ExternalDocumentID 24562054
10_1016_j_etap_2014_01_013
S1382668914000143
1_s2_0_S1382668914000143
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
--K
--M
.1-
.55
.FO
.GJ
.~1
0R~
1B1
1P~
1RT
1~.
1~5
29G
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AATTM
AAXKI
AAXUO
AAYWO
ABFNM
ABFRF
ABFYP
ABJNI
ABLST
ABMAC
ABWVN
ABXDB
ABZDS
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIUM
ACPRK
ACRLP
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADBBV
ADCNI
ADEZE
ADMUD
ADNMO
AEBSH
AEFWE
AEIPS
AEKER
AENEX
AEUPX
AEVXI
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AFRAH
AFRHN
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGCQF
AGHFR
AGQPQ
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHEUO
AIEXJ
AIGII
AIIUN
AIKHN
AITUG
AJUYK
AKBMS
AKIFW
AKRWK
AKYEP
ALCLG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
ANKPU
APXCP
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BKOJK
BLECG
BLXMC
CS3
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFKBS
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
KCYFY
KOM
L7B
M41
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OGGZJ
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
R2-
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSJ
SSP
SSZ
T5K
UHS
UNMZH
X7M
XPP
Z5R
ZGI
ZXP
~G-
AACTN
AFCTW
AFKWA
AJOXV
AMFUW
RIG
AAIAV
AATCM
ABYKQ
AHPSJ
AJBFU
EFLBG
AAYXX
AGRNS
BNPGV
CITATION
SSH
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
ACLOT
~HD
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-2862bd90565dda31adf8f2484f1d7ae9acbf36fcaeab9862f0e00abc5ff8e1b43
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 1382-6689
1872-7077
IngestDate Sun Sep 28 00:18:31 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 01:57:16 EST 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:06:30 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:10:39 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:28:00 EST 2024
Sun Feb 23 10:18:48 EST 2025
Tue Aug 26 17:45:03 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Keywords Triclocarban
Cytotoxicity
Intracellular Ca2
Lymphocyte
Zn2
Intracellular Ca 2
Zn 2
Intracellular Ca(2+)
Zn(2+)
Language English
License Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c392t-2862bd90565dda31adf8f2484f1d7ae9acbf36fcaeab9862f0e00abc5ff8e1b43
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PMID 24562054
PQID 1514437788
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1514437788
pubmed_primary_24562054
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_etap_2014_01_013
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_etap_2014_01_013
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_etap_2014_01_013
elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S1382668914000143
elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_etap_2014_01_013
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2014-03-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2014-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2014
  text: 2014-03-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Netherlands
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Netherlands
PublicationTitle Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
PublicationTitleAlternate Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Hashimoto, Oyama, Oyama, Nishimura, Oyama, Ueha-Ishibashi, Okano, Oyama (bib0045) 2009; 23
Lewis (bib0095) 2007; 446
Itoh, Kanmura, Kuriyama (bib0060) 1985; 358
Zhao, Ying, Liu, Chen, Yang, Wang (bib0185) 2010; 179
Kao, Harootunian, Tsien (bib0070) 1989; 264
Kawanai, Satoh, Murao, Oyama (bib0075) 2009; 191
Kotelevskaia, Zinchenko, Petruniaka, Korystov IuN. Shaposhnikova, Kruman, Gukovskaia (bib0080) 1991; 33
Maret (bib0105) 1994; 91
Koopman, Reutelingsperger, Kuijten, Keehnen, Pals, van Oers (bib0085) 1994; 84
Minta, Kao, Tsien (bib0120) 1989; 264
Mason, Mahaut-Smith, Grinstein (bib0110) 1991; 266
Oyama, Carpenter, Ueno, Hayashi, Tomiyoshi (bib0135) 1995; 293
Schebb, Ahn, Dong, Gee, Hammock (bib0160) 2012; 87
Chikahisa, Oyama (bib0015) 1992; 71
Sun, Enkhjargal, Sugihara, Yamada, Chen, Miura, Fukunaga, Satoh, Oyama (bib0180) 2013; 27
Cohen, Duke (bib0025) 1984; 132
Oyama, Oyama, Kawanai, Oyama, Hashimoto, Satoh, Oyama (bib0145) 2009; 262
Hogan, Lewis, Rao (bib0050) 2010; 28
Snyder, O’Connor, McAvoy (bib0175) 2011; 82
Horimoto, Nishimura, Oyama, Onoda, Matsui, Oyama, Kanemaru, Masuda, Oyama (bib0055) 2006; 225
Chikahisa, Oyama, Okazaki, Noda (bib0020) 1996; 71
Coogan, La Point (bib0030) 2008; 27
Lewis (bib0090) 2001; 19
Sakanashi, Oyama, Matsuo, Oyama, Nishimura, Ishida, Imai, Okano, Oyama (bib0155) 2009; 23
Gukovskaya, Trepakova, Zinchenko, Korystov, Bezuglov (bib0040) 1992; 1111
Gee, Zhou, Qian, Kennedy (bib0035) 2002; 124
Liou, Fivaz, Inoue, Meyer (bib0100) 2007; 104
Roos, DiGregorio, Yeromin, Ohlsen, Lioudyno, Zhang, Safrina, Kozak, Wagner, Cahalan, Velicelebi, Stauderman (bib0150) 2005; 169
Schebb, Flores, Kurobe, Franze, Ranganathan, Hammock, Teh (bib0165) 2011; 105
Azmi, Dhawan, Singh (bib0010) 1996; 107
Oyama, Ueha, Hayashi, Chikahisa (bib0140) 1994; 270
Ahn, Zhao, Chen, Cherednichenko, Sanmarti, Denison, Lasley, Pessah, Kültz, Chang, Gee, Hammock (bib0005) 2008; 116
Morita, Teramachi, Sanagawa, Toyson, Yamamoto, Oyama (bib0125) 2012; 215
Jacob, Maret, Vallee (bib0065) 1998; 95
Scientific Commitee on Consumer Products (bib0170) 2005
Matsui, Sakanashi, Oyama, Oyama, Yokota, Ishida, Okano, Oyama, Nishimura (bib0115) 2008; 248
Nakata, Oyama, Okada, Yamazaki, Chikahisa, Satoh (bib0130) 1999; 7
Chikahisa (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0020) 1996; 71
Roos (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0150) 2005; 169
Horimoto (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0055) 2006; 225
Matsui (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0115) 2008; 248
Schebb (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0165) 2011; 105
Coogan (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0030) 2008; 27
Gee (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0035) 2002; 124
Oyama (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0135) 1995; 293
Koopman (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0085) 1994; 84
Snyder (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0175) 2011; 82
Hogan (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0050) 2010; 28
Liou (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0100) 2007; 104
Nakata (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0130) 1999; 7
Azmi (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0010) 1996; 107
Sakanashi (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0155) 2009; 23
Kao (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0070) 1989; 264
Scientific Commitee on Consumer Products (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0170) 2005
Hashimoto (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0045) 2009; 23
Jacob (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0065) 1998; 95
Schebb (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0160) 2012; 87
Lewis (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0095) 2007; 446
Mason (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0110) 1991; 266
Morita (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0125) 2012; 215
Kawanai (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0075) 2009; 191
Cohen (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0025) 1984; 132
Minta (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0120) 1989; 264
Sun (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0180) 2013; 27
Lewis (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0090) 2001; 19
Maret (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0105) 1994; 91
Zhao (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0185) 2010; 179
Oyama (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0145) 2009; 262
Chikahisa (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0015) 1992; 71
Gukovskaya (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0040) 1992; 1111
Ahn (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0005) 2008; 116
Itoh (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0060) 1985; 358
Kotelevskaia (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0080) 1991; 33
Oyama (10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0140) 1994; 270
References_xml – volume: 266
  start-page: 10872
  year: 1991
  end-page: 10879
  ident: bib0110
  article-title: The role of intracellular Ca
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
– volume: 124
  start-page: 776
  year: 2002
  end-page: 778
  ident: bib0035
  article-title: Detection and imaging of zinc secretion from pancreatic beta-cells using a new fluorescent zinc indicator
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
– volume: 293
  start-page: 101
  year: 1995
  end-page: 107
  ident: bib0135
  article-title: Methylmercury induces Ca
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1092
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1099
  ident: bib0045
  article-title: Increase in intracellular Zn
  publication-title: Toxicol. in Vitro
– volume: 19
  start-page: 497
  year: 2001
  end-page: 521
  ident: bib0090
  article-title: Calcium signaling mechanisms in T lymphocytes
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Immunol.
– year: 2005
  ident: bib0170
  article-title: Opinion on triclocarban for other uses as a preservative
  publication-title: Calipa no. P29
– volume: 132
  start-page: 38
  year: 1984
  end-page: 42
  ident: bib0025
  article-title: Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1415
  year: 1994
  end-page: 1420
  ident: bib0085
  article-title: Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on B cells undergoing apoptosis
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 225
  start-page: 97
  year: 2006
  end-page: 108
  ident: bib0055
  article-title: Reciprocal effects of glucose on the process of cell death induced by calcium ionophore or H
  publication-title: Toxicology
– volume: 446
  start-page: 284
  year: 2007
  end-page: 287
  ident: bib0095
  article-title: The molecular choreography of a store-operated calcium channel
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 82
  start-page: 460
  year: 2011
  end-page: 467
  ident: bib0175
  article-title: Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclocarban (TCC) in terrestrial organisms
  publication-title: Chemosphere
– volume: 104
  start-page: 9301
  year: 2007
  end-page: 9306
  ident: bib0100
  article-title: Live-cell imaging reveals sequential oligomerization and local plasma membrane targeting of stromal interaction molecule 1 after Ca
  publication-title: PNAS
– volume: 248
  start-page: 142
  year: 2008
  end-page: 150
  ident: bib0115
  article-title: Imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, increase membrane Zn
  publication-title: Toxicology
– volume: 215
  start-page: 208
  year: 2012
  end-page: 213
  ident: bib0125
  article-title: Elevation of intracellular Zn
  publication-title: Toxicol. Lett.
– volume: 71
  start-page: 299
  year: 1996
  end-page: 305
  ident: bib0020
  article-title: Fluorescent estimation of H
  publication-title: Jpn. J. Pharmacol.
– volume: 264
  start-page: 8179
  year: 1989
  end-page: 8184
  ident: bib0070
  article-title: Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
– volume: 169
  start-page: 435
  year: 2005
  end-page: 445
  ident: bib0150
  article-title: STIM1, an essential and conserved component of store-operated Ca
  publication-title: J. Cell Biol.
– volume: 264
  start-page: 8171
  year: 1989
  end-page: 8178
  ident: bib0120
  article-title: Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 267
  year: 1999
  end-page: 273
  ident: bib0130
  article-title: Flow cytometric analysis on tri-
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
– volume: 71
  start-page: 190
  year: 1992
  end-page: 195
  ident: bib0015
  article-title: Tri-
  publication-title: Pharmacol. Toxicol.
– volume: 1111
  start-page: 65
  year: 1992
  end-page: 74
  ident: bib0040
  article-title: Effect of the sulfhydryl reagent thimerosal on cytosolic free Ca
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta
– volume: 107
  start-page: 97
  year: 1996
  end-page: 103
  ident: bib0010
  article-title: Calcium ionophore A23187 induces apoptotic cell death in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Cancer Lett.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 53
  year: 2013
  end-page: 59
  ident: bib0180
  article-title: Effect of triclocarban on membrane potential of rat thymocytes: assessment with bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol
  publication-title: Nat. Sci. Res. Univ. Tokushima
– volume: 91
  start-page: 237
  year: 1994
  end-page: 241
  ident: bib0105
  article-title: Oxidative metal release from metallothionein via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange
  publication-title: PNAS
– volume: 179
  start-page: 215
  year: 2010
  end-page: 222
  ident: bib0185
  article-title: Occurrence and risks of triclosan and triclocarban in the Pearl River system, South China: from source to the receiving environment
  publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater.
– volume: 262
  start-page: 245
  year: 2009
  end-page: 249
  ident: bib0145
  article-title: Tri-
  publication-title: Toxicology
– volume: 23
  start-page: 338
  year: 2009
  end-page: 345
  ident: bib0155
  article-title: Zn
  publication-title: Toxicol. in Vitro
– volume: 33
  start-page: 166
  year: 1991
  end-page: 171
  ident: bib0080
  article-title: The role of changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca
  publication-title: Tsitologiia
– volume: 358
  start-page: 467
  year: 1985
  end-page: 484
  ident: bib0060
  article-title: A23187 increases calcium permeability of store sites more than of surface membranes in the rabbit mesenteric artery
  publication-title: J. Physiol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1788
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1793
  ident: bib0030
  article-title: Snail bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyltriclosan in a North Texas, USA, stream affected by wastewater treatment plant runoff
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
– volume: 191
  start-page: 231
  year: 2009
  end-page: 235
  ident: bib0075
  article-title: Methylmercury elicits intracellular Zn
  publication-title: Toxicol. Lett.
– volume: 87
  start-page: 825
  year: 2012
  end-page: 827
  ident: bib0160
  article-title: Whole blood is the sample matrix of choice for monitoring systemic triclocarban levels
  publication-title: Chemosphere
– volume: 270
  start-page: 137
  year: 1994
  end-page: 142
  ident: bib0140
  article-title: Effect of tri-
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
– volume: 105
  start-page: 448
  year: 2011
  end-page: 454
  ident: bib0165
  article-title: Bioconcentration, metabolism and excretion of triclocarban in larval Qurt medaka (
  publication-title: Aquat. Toxicol.
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1203
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1210
  ident: bib0005
  article-title: In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: receptor-based bioassay screens
  publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect.
– volume: 95
  start-page: 3489
  year: 1998
  end-page: 3494
  ident: bib0065
  article-title: Control of zinc transfer between thionein, metallothionein, and zinc proteins
  publication-title: PNAS
– volume: 28
  start-page: 491
  year: 2010
  end-page: 533
  ident: bib0050
  article-title: Molecular basis of calcium signaling in lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Immunol.
– volume: 446
  start-page: 284
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0095
  article-title: The molecular choreography of a store-operated calcium channel
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature05637
– volume: 105
  start-page: 448
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0165
  article-title: Bioconcentration, metabolism and excretion of triclocarban in larval Qurt medaka (Oryzias latipes)
  publication-title: Aquat. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.07.020
– volume: 124
  start-page: 776
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0035
  article-title: Detection and imaging of zinc secretion from pancreatic beta-cells using a new fluorescent zinc indicator
  publication-title: J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1021/ja011774y
– volume: 28
  start-page: 491
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0050
  article-title: Molecular basis of calcium signaling in lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132550
– volume: 191
  start-page: 231
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0075
  article-title: Methylmercury elicits intracellular Zn2+ release in rat thymocytes: its relation to methylmercury-induced decrease in cellular thiol content
  publication-title: Toxicol. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.09.003
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1788
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0030
  article-title: Snail bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyltriclosan in a North Texas, USA, stream affected by wastewater treatment plant runoff
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1897/07-374.1
– volume: 215
  start-page: 208
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0125
  article-title: Elevation of intracellular Zn2+ level by nanomolar concentrations of triclocarban in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Toxicol. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.012
– volume: 116
  start-page: 1203
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0005
  article-title: In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: receptor-based bioassay screens
  publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect.
  doi: 10.1289/ehp.11200
– volume: 23
  start-page: 338
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0155
  article-title: Zn2+, derived from cell preparation, partly attenuates Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187, calcium ionophore, in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Toxicol. in Vitro
  doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.006
– volume: 266
  start-page: 10872
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0110
  article-title: The role of intracellular Ca2+ in the regulation of the plasma membrane Ca2+ permeability of unstimulated rat lymphocytes
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)99100-3
– volume: 248
  start-page: 142
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0115
  article-title: Imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, increase membrane Zn2+ permeability in rat thymocytes: possible contribution to their cytotoxicity
  publication-title: Toxicology
  doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.022
– volume: 270
  start-page: 137
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0140
  article-title: Effect of tri-n-butyltin on intracellular Ca2+ concentration of mouse thymocytes under Ca2+-free condition
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
– volume: 87
  start-page: 825
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0160
  article-title: Whole blood is the sample matrix of choice for monitoring systemic triclocarban levels
  publication-title: Chemosphere
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.077
– volume: 82
  start-page: 460
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0175
  article-title: Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclocarban (TCC) in terrestrial organisms
  publication-title: Chemosphere
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.054
– volume: 91
  start-page: 237
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0105
  article-title: Oxidative metal release from metallothionein via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.1.237
– volume: 264
  start-page: 8179
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0070
  article-title: Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83166-0
– volume: 262
  start-page: 245
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0145
  article-title: Tri-n-butyltin increases intracellular Zn2+ concentration by decreasing cellular thiol content in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Toxicology
  doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.016
– volume: 1111
  start-page: 65
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0040
  article-title: Effect of the sulfhydryl reagent thimerosal on cytosolic free Ca2+ and membrane potential of thymocytes
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90275-Q
– volume: 71
  start-page: 299
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0020
  article-title: Fluorescent estimation of H2O2-induced changes in cell viability and cellular nonprotein thiol level of dissociated rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Jpn. J. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1254/jjp.71.299
– volume: 132
  start-page: 38
  year: 1984
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0025
  article-title: Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.132.1.38
– volume: 7
  start-page: 267
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0130
  article-title: Flow cytometric analysis on tri-n-butyltin-induced increase in annexin V binding to membranes of rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1016/S1382-6689(99)00026-5
– volume: 107
  start-page: 97
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0010
  article-title: Calcium ionophore A23187 induces apoptotic cell death in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Cancer Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(96)04349-2
– volume: 95
  start-page: 3489
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0065
  article-title: Control of zinc transfer between thionein, metallothionein, and zinc proteins
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3489
– volume: 19
  start-page: 497
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0090
  article-title: Calcium signaling mechanisms in T lymphocytes
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.497
– volume: 293
  start-page: 101
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0135
  article-title: Methylmercury induces Ca2+-dependent hyperpolarization of mouse thymocytes: a flow cytometric study using fluorescent dyes
  publication-title: Eur. J. Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1016/0926-6917(95)00003-8
– volume: 179
  start-page: 215
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0185
  article-title: Occurrence and risks of triclosan and triclocarban in the Pearl River system, South China: from source to the receiving environment
  publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.082
– year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0170
  article-title: Opinion on triclocarban for other uses as a preservative
– volume: 33
  start-page: 166
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0080
  article-title: The role of changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+ in dexamethasone-induced thymocyte death (in Russian)
  publication-title: Tsitologiia
– volume: 264
  start-page: 8171
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0120
  article-title: Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83165-9
– volume: 225
  start-page: 97
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0055
  article-title: Reciprocal effects of glucose on the process of cell death induced by calcium ionophore or H2O2 in rat lymphocytes
  publication-title: Toxicology
  doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.004
– volume: 358
  start-page: 467
  year: 1985
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0060
  article-title: A23187 increases calcium permeability of store sites more than of surface membranes in the rabbit mesenteric artery
  publication-title: J. Physiol.
  doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015597
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1415
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0085
  article-title: Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on B cells undergoing apoptosis
  publication-title: Blood
  doi: 10.1182/blood.V84.5.1415.bloodjournal8451415
– volume: 169
  start-page: 435
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0150
  article-title: STIM1, an essential and conserved component of store-operated Ca2+ channel function
  publication-title: J. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.200502019
– volume: 104
  start-page: 9301
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0100
  article-title: Live-cell imaging reveals sequential oligomerization and local plasma membrane targeting of stromal interaction molecule 1 after Ca2+ store depletion
  publication-title: PNAS
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702866104
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1092
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0045
  article-title: Increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration by thimerosal in rat thymocytes: intracellular Zn2+ release induced by oxidative stress
  publication-title: Toxicol. in Vitro
  doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.020
– volume: 27
  start-page: 53
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0180
  article-title: Effect of triclocarban on membrane potential of rat thymocytes: assessment with bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol
  publication-title: Nat. Sci. Res. Univ. Tokushima
– volume: 71
  start-page: 190
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013_bib0015
  article-title: Tri-n-butyltin increases intracellular Ca2+ in mouse thymocytes: a flow-cytometric study using fluorescent dyes for membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+
  publication-title: Pharmacol. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00543.x
SSID ssj0015338
Score 2.0286427
Snippet •Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products.•Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood.•Triclocarban initially released...
Highlights • Triclocarban is an antimicrobial used in personal health care products. • Triclocarban is reportedly detected in human blood. • Triclocarban...
Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial used in personal hygiene products. Recent health concerns arose after TCC was detected in the blood of human subjects...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 563
SubjectTerms Aniline Compounds
Animals
Anti-Infective Agents, Local - toxicity
Calcium - metabolism
Carbanilides - toxicity
Cells, Cultured
Cytotoxicity
Emergency
Fluorescent Dyes
Intracellular Ca2
Lymphocyte
Male
Rats
Thymocytes - drug effects
Thymocytes - metabolism
Triclocarban
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Xanthenes
Zinc
Zn2
Title Triclocarban-induced change in intracellular Ca2+ level in rat thymocytes: Cytometric analysis with Fluo-3 under Zn2+-free conditions
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S1382668914000143
https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S1382668914000143
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24562054
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1514437788
Volume 37
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9swEBdt-jIYY-u-so-iwehLqsWW_JW9lbCQbawUlkLZi5BkCTJSuzjOQ172tv97d5acMrZ2MPCLE13k-M6_-518dyLkbap1B3MsSblmCTgBwEGnmEtzx4WKLO-SMb-cZfOL5NNlerlHpn0tDKZVBuz3mN6hdfhkHO7m-Hq5HH_F7nlZVkwgRECiL_bJAQdvXwzIwenHz_Oz3csEYDRdRRyMZygQamd8mpdtFbatjJOue2csbvNPt_HPzg_NHpIHgUDSU3-Nj8ierQ7J8bnvQL09oYubgqr1CT2m5ze9qbeH5L5fpqO--ugx-bkAHER_1mhVMYjPQdMl9dXAdFnB0TYKF_cxW5VOFR_RFaYZ4XdgOxTUfFWbLfDV93S6besr3KDLUBVanVBc5qWz1aZmgmK5WkO_VXzEXGMthUi89AljT8jF7MNiOmdhZwZm4A63jEMcpMsJkKe0LJWIVekKx5MicXGZKztRRjuROaOs0hMY6yIbRUqb1LnCxjoRT8mgqiv7nFBe8sRFGTcqExBrOo01nSZXOjcWfjIdkrjXhzShbTnunrGSfX7ad4k6lKhDGcVwiCEZ7WSufdOOO0eLXs2yL0cFAJXgU-6Uyv8mZdcBA9YylmsuI_mHnQ5JupP8zdT_OeOb3gYlYADqXlW23sBMwHoTkedFMSTPvHHu_je-2ObAy1_856wvyT0882l3r8igbTb2NfCwVh-R_Xc_4qPwtP0CuOsyMg
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9swEBdd-rDBKFu3ddmnBqMvqYgtyR_ZWwkL6dqGwlIoexGSLUFGahfHecgf0P97d5adMrZ2MPBTrIvs3OV3v5PuToR8joxpYI7JiBsmwQkADjrNXJQ4LnRgeZOMeT6Lp5fy21V0tUPGXS0MplW22O8xvUHr9pNh-2sObxaL4XfsnhfH6QhCBCT64hHZlXiodY_sHp-cTmfbzQRgNE1FHIxnKNDWzvg0L1trbFsZyqZ7Zyju80_38c_GD02ekb2WQNJj_4zPyY4t9snhhe9AvTmi87uCqtURPaQXd72pN_vkqV-mo7766AW5nQMOoj-rjC4YxOeg6Zz6amC6KOCqK42L-5itSseaD-gS04zwHtgOBTVfl9kG-OoXOt7U5TUe0JVR3bY6objMSyfLdckExXK1iv4o-IC5yloKkXjuE8ZeksvJ1_l4ytqTGVgGfKpmHOIgk4-APEV5rkWoc5c6LlPpwjzRdqQz40TsMm21GcFYF9gg0CaLnEttaKR4RXpFWdjXhPKcSxfEPNOxgFjTGazpzBJtkszCV0Z9Enb6UFnbthxPz1iqLj_tp0IdKtShCkK4RJ8MtjI3vmnHg6NFp2bVlaMCgCrwKQ9KJX-TsqsWA1YqVCuuAvWHnfZJtJX8zdT_OeOnzgYVYADqXhe2XMNMwHqlSJI07ZMDb5zb98aNbQ68_M1_zvqRPJ7Oz8_U2cns9C15gnd8Ct470qurtX0PnKw2H9r_3C_qSjQY
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Triclocarban-induced+change+in+intracellular+Ca%C2%B2%E2%81%BA+level+in+rat+thymocytes%3A+cytometric+analysis+with+Fluo-3+under+Zn%C2%B2%E2%81%BA-free+conditions&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology+and+pharmacology&rft.au=Miura%2C+Yukari&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaohui&rft.au=Yamada%2C+Saki&rft.au=Sugihara%2C+Aya&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.eissn=1872-7077&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=563&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2014.01.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24562054&rft.externalDocID=24562054
thumbnail_m http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F13826689%2FS1382668914X00025%2Fcov150h.gif