Sex Differences in Association of Elevated Blood Pressure with Variables Characterizing Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Subjects with or Without Metabolic Abnormalities
Males present higher blood pressure (BP) values, higher prevalence of elevated BP, and a different prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors when compared with females. We assumed that the trends of risk markers across BP categories (normotension, high normal BP, and hypertension) differ in young m...
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| Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 10; p. 3612 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
MDPI
21.05.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17103612 |
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| Abstract | Males present higher blood pressure (BP) values, higher prevalence of elevated BP, and a different prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors when compared with females. We assumed that the trends of risk markers across BP categories (normotension, high normal BP, and hypertension) differ in young males and females, and between subjects without metabolic abnormalities (without obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, or microinflammation) and those presenting them. Data from 2543 subjects (48% males) aged from 16 to 23 years were analyzed. The findings showed that 15% of males and 4% of females presented high normal BP while 9% and 1%, respectively, had hypertension. In males, variables characterizing obesity status, insulin sensitivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, uric acid, adiponectin, a soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and leukocyte counts showed worsening trends across BP categories. Females presented significant trends only for obesity measures, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol. Across BP categories, trends of variables characterizing cardiometabolic risk differed among abnormalities-free and presenting males. The multivariate model selected measures of central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and uric acid as significant predictors of BP in both genders, and C-reactive protein in females. Sex differences in measures of cardiovascular health in juveniles may remain undiscovered unless two sexes are analyzed separately. These differences may have implications for sex-specific disease risk in adulthood. |
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| AbstractList | Males present higher blood pressure (BP) values, higher prevalence of elevated BP, and a different prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors when compared with females. We assumed that the trends of risk markers across BP categories (normotension, high normal BP, and hypertension) differ in young males and females, and between subjects without metabolic abnormalities (without obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, or microinflammation) and those presenting them. Data from 2543 subjects (48% males) aged from 16 to 23 years were analyzed. The findings showed that 15% of males and 4% of females presented high normal BP while 9% and 1%, respectively, had hypertension. In males, variables characterizing obesity status, insulin sensitivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, uric acid, adiponectin, a soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and leukocyte counts showed worsening trends across BP categories. Females presented significant trends only for obesity measures, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol. Across BP categories, trends of variables characterizing cardiometabolic risk differed among abnormalities-free and presenting males. The multivariate model selected measures of central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and uric acid as significant predictors of BP in both genders, and C-reactive protein in females. Sex differences in measures of cardiovascular health in juveniles may remain undiscovered unless two sexes are analyzed separately. These differences may have implications for sex-specific disease risk in adulthood. Males present higher blood pressure (BP) values, higher prevalence of elevated BP, and a different prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors when compared with females. We assumed that the trends of risk markers across BP categories (normotension, high normal BP, and hypertension) differ in young males and females, and between subjects without metabolic abnormalities (without obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, or microinflammation) and those presenting them. Data from 2543 subjects (48% males) aged from 16 to 23 years were analyzed. The findings showed that 15% of males and 4% of females presented high normal BP while 9% and 1%, respectively, had hypertension. In males, variables characterizing obesity status, insulin sensitivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, uric acid, adiponectin, a soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and leukocyte counts showed worsening trends across BP categories. Females presented significant trends only for obesity measures, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol. Across BP categories, trends of variables characterizing cardiometabolic risk differed among abnormalities-free and presenting males. The multivariate model selected measures of central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and uric acid as significant predictors of BP in both genders, and C-reactive protein in females. Sex differences in measures of cardiovascular health in juveniles may remain undiscovered unless two sexes are analyzed separately. These differences may have implications for sex-specific disease risk in adulthood.Males present higher blood pressure (BP) values, higher prevalence of elevated BP, and a different prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors when compared with females. We assumed that the trends of risk markers across BP categories (normotension, high normal BP, and hypertension) differ in young males and females, and between subjects without metabolic abnormalities (without obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, or microinflammation) and those presenting them. Data from 2543 subjects (48% males) aged from 16 to 23 years were analyzed. The findings showed that 15% of males and 4% of females presented high normal BP while 9% and 1%, respectively, had hypertension. In males, variables characterizing obesity status, insulin sensitivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, uric acid, adiponectin, a soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and leukocyte counts showed worsening trends across BP categories. Females presented significant trends only for obesity measures, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol. Across BP categories, trends of variables characterizing cardiometabolic risk differed among abnormalities-free and presenting males. The multivariate model selected measures of central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and uric acid as significant predictors of BP in both genders, and C-reactive protein in females. Sex differences in measures of cardiovascular health in juveniles may remain undiscovered unless two sexes are analyzed separately. These differences may have implications for sex-specific disease risk in adulthood. |
| Author | Šebeková, Katarína Šebek, Jozef Koborová, Ivana Gurecká, Radana Csongová, Melinda |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia 1 Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; radana.kollarova@gmail.com (R.G.); melinda.csongova@gmail.com (M.C.); koborova@gmail.com (I.K.) 3 Institute of Materials & Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; sebek.jozef@savba.sk |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia – name: 1 Institute of Molecular BioMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; radana.kollarova@gmail.com (R.G.); melinda.csongova@gmail.com (M.C.); koborova@gmail.com (I.K.) – name: 3 Institute of Materials & Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; sebek.jozef@savba.sk |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Katarína orcidid: 0000-0002-9641-9265 surname: Šebeková fullname: Šebeková, Katarína – sequence: 2 givenname: Radana orcidid: 0000-0002-5880-666X surname: Gurecká fullname: Gurecká, Radana – sequence: 3 givenname: Melinda surname: Csongová fullname: Csongová, Melinda – sequence: 4 givenname: Ivana surname: Koborová fullname: Koborová, Ivana – sequence: 5 givenname: Jozef surname: Šebek fullname: Šebek, Jozef |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455627$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_children12030348 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10903_020_01130_2 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_2199853 crossref_primary_10_18794_aams_149260 |
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| Keywords | cardiometabolic risk sRAGE adolescents hypertension metabolically healthy sex differences |
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