Seven-element ground skirt monopole ESPAR antenna design from a genetic algorithm and the finite element method
The design of an optimized electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated ga...
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| Published in | IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol. 51; no. 11; pp. 3033 - 3039 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
IEEE
01.11.2003
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0018-926X 1558-2221 1558-2221 |
| DOI | 10.1109/TAP.2003.818790 |
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| Abstract | The design of an optimized electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated gain results of 7.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz were attained along the antenna's elemental axis. The optimized antenna was fabricated and tested with the corresponding experimental gain better than 8 dBi. The 0.7 dB error between simulated and measured gain was constant for numerous structures and therefore did not affect the optimization. The optimized antenna reduced average main lobe elevation by 15.3/spl deg/ to just 9.7/spl deg/ above the horizontal. |
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| AbstractList | The design of an optimized electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated gain results of 7.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz were attained along the antenna's elemental axis. The optimized antenna was fabricated and tested with the corresponding experimental gain better than 8 dBi. The 0.7 dB error between simulated and measured gain was constant for numerous structures and therefore did not affect the optimization. The optimized antenna reduced average main lobe elevation by 15.3 degree to just 9.7 degree above the horizontal. The design of an optimized electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated gain results of 7.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz were attained along the antenna's elemental axis. The optimized antenna was fabricated and tested with the corresponding experimental gain better than 8 dBi. The 0.7 dB error between simulated and measured gain was constant for numerous structures and therefore did not affect the optimization. The optimized antenna reduced average main lobe elevation by 15.3/spl deg/ to just 9.7/spl deg/ above the horizontal. The design of an optimized electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. A genetic algorithm using a finite element based cost function optimized the antenna's structure and loading conditions for maximal main lobe gain in a single azimuth direction. Simulated gain results of 7.3 dBi at 2.4 GHz were attained along the antenna's elemental axis. The optimized antenna was fabricated and tested with the corresponding experimental gain better than 8 dBi. The 0.7 dB error between simulated and measured gain was constant for numerous structures and therefore did not affect the optimization. The optimized antenna reduced average main lobe elevation by 15.3 deg to just 9.7 deg above the horizontal. |
| Author | Junwei Lu Schlub, R. Ohira, T. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R. surname: Schlub fullname: Schlub, R. organization: Sch. of Microelectron. Eng., Griffith Univ., Nathan, Australia – sequence: 2 surname: Junwei Lu fullname: Junwei Lu organization: Sch. of Microelectron. Eng., Griffith Univ., Nathan, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: T. surname: Ohira fullname: Ohira, T. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/APMC.2001.985467 10.1109/8.554232 10.1109/8.558650 10.1109/APMC.2000.925958 10.1109/ISCAS.2001.922374 10.1109/APS.2001.959390 10.1109/8.633856 10.1109/apmc.2001.985441 10.1049/el:20000995 10.1049/el:20010618 10.1002/9780470290996 10.1109/PAST.2000.858918 10.1109/8.686771 |
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| References | ref23 ref14 ref20 ref10 ref21 ref2 Thiel (ref3) 2002 ref17 ref19 Thiel (ref9) ref18 ref8 (ref11) 2002 ref4 Goldberg (ref7) 1989 Balanis (ref16) 1982 Vemuri (ref22) 1995; 2 Cheng (ref12) 2001; E84-B Han (ref15) 2002; E85-C ref6 ref5 Preston (ref1) 1999; E82-C Shishkov (ref13) 2002; E85-B |
| References_xml | – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/APMC.2001.985467 – volume: E85-B start-page: 802 issue: 4 year: 2002 ident: ref13 article-title: Adaptive control algorithm of ESPAR antenna based on stochastic approximation theory publication-title: IEICE Trans. Commun. – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/8.554232 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/8.558650 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/APMC.2000.925958 – volume: E85-C start-page: 2015 year: 2002 ident: ref15 article-title: Harmonic distortion suppression technique for varactor-loaded parasitic radiator antennas publication-title: IEICE Trans. Commun. – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2001.922374 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/APS.2001.959390 – volume: 2 start-page: 6 volume-title: Practical Handbook of Genetic Algorithms—New Frontiers year: 1995 ident: ref22 article-title: Multi-niche crowding for multi-nodal search – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/8.633856 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/apmc.2001.985441 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1049/el:20000995 – volume-title: Switched Parasitic Antennas for Cellular Communications year: 2002 ident: ref3 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1049/el:20010618 – volume: E84-B start-page: 1790 year: 2001 ident: ref12 article-title: Adaptive beamforming of ESPAR antenna based on steepest gradient algorithm publication-title: IEICE Trans. Commun. – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1002/9780470290996 – volume: E82-C start-page: 1202 year: 1999 ident: ref1 article-title: A multibeam antenna using switched parasitic and switched active elements for space-division multiple access applications publication-title: IEICE Trans. Commun. – volume-title: Antenna Theory Analysis and Design year: 1982 ident: ref16 – start-page: 19 volume-title: Proc. CSIRO 7th Australian Symp. Antennas ident: ref9 article-title: Tin-can antenna—a switched parasitic monopole antenna on a finite ground plane with a conductive sleeve – volume-title: Ansoft Corporation year: 2002 ident: ref11 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/PAST.2000.858918 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/8.686771 – volume-title: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning year: 1989 ident: ref7 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithm design and analysis Antenna arrays Antennas Arrays Brain modeling Computer simulation Cost function Design methodology Design optimization Directive antennas Finite element method Finite element methods Gain Genetic algorithms Loaded antennas Lobes Mathematical analysis |
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| Title | Seven-element ground skirt monopole ESPAR antenna design from a genetic algorithm and the finite element method |
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