The Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) project: The role of mathematical models in translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice
This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate an...
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Published in | Computer methods and programs in biomedicine Vol. 104; pp. S1 - S29 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Ireland
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
01.12.2011
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0169-2607 1872-7565 1872-7565 |
DOI | 10.1016/S0169-2607(11)00307-5 |
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Abstract | This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid–base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid–base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood.
The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in F
IO
2. This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET).
Mathematical models have been developed of the acid– base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO
2, strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO
2 and PO
2 levels. This model of acid–base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid–base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease.
The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on F
IO
2 which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and F
IO
2.
In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice.
Denne afhandling har søgt at besvare den brede hypotese om, hvorvidt det at bygge matematiske modeller er et brug-bart værktøj til at omsætte fysiologisk viden til klinisk praksis. Herunder beskriver afhandlingen arbejdet med INtelligent VENTilator projektet (INVENT), som har det mål at bygge, evaluere og integrere et modelbaseret medicinsk beslutningsstøttesystem til kontrol af mekanisk ventilation i klinisk praksis. Afhandlingen beskriver de matematiske modeller der indgår i INVENT, dvs. en model af den pulmonale gasudveksling med fokus på ilttransport og en model af syre–base status i blodet, den interstitielle væske samt vævene. Disse modeller er blevet valideret, og anvendt i to andre systemer: ALPE som er et system til at måle pulmonal gasudveksling, og ARTY som er et system til at udregne arteriel syre–base og ilt status ud fra perifer venøs blod.
De primære bidrag fra dette arbejde er som følger. En matematisk model er blevet udviklet som kan beskrive pulmonal gasudveksling mere nøjagtigt in nuværende kliniske målemetoder. Denne model er “parsimonious”, idet den kan beskrive pulmonal gasudveksling ud fra målinger som er let tilgængelige i klinisk praksis sammen med en variation i F
IO
2, som let kan automatiseres. Denne målemetode og model er blevet udviklet til et forsknings- og kommercielt værktøj (ALPE), og er blevet evalueret både klinisk og i sammenligning med referencemetoden, “the multiple inert gas elimination technique” (MIGET).
Matematiske modeller af syre–base kemien i blod, interstitiel væske samt vævene er blevet udviklet ud fra massevirkning og massebevarelse principper. Modellen af blodet er blevet valideret mod data fra litteraturen, som beskriver tilførelse og fjernelse af CO
2, stærk syre eller base, og hæmoglobin samt effekterne af oxidation. Modellen er også blevet valideret i nye studier, som har vist at modellen nøagtigt og præcist kan simulere blanding af blod med forskellige PCO
2 og PO
2 niveauer. Denne model af blodets syre–base kemi er blevet anvendt i ARTY systemet. Det er blevet vist at ARTY nøjagtigt og præcist kan udregne arterielle værdier for syre–base og oxygen status i patienter på en intensivafdeling, og i patienter med kronisk lungesygdom.
INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) systemet er blevet udviklet til optimering af respiratorindstillinger ved at bruge fysiologiske modeller og nytte/straf-funktioner, hvorved fysiologisk viden adskilles fra kliniske præferencer. Modellerne kan tilpasses den individuelle patient via parameterestimering, for derved at muliggøre patient specfikke råd. INVENT holdet har vist i et prospektivt studie at systemets råd om indstilling af F
IO
2 er lige så hensigtsmæssige som niveauer valgt i klinisk praksis og i et retrospektivt studie at systemet giver fornuftige råd om indstilling af tidalvolumen, respirationsfrekvens og F
IO
2.
Generelt set har denne afhandling illustreret et yderligere eksempel på modellerings rolle i forbindelse med beskrivelse og forståelse af komplekse systemer. Afhandlingen har vist at ved arbejde med kompleksitet det nødvendigt at bevare fokus på modellens mål, hvis man skal opretholde den korrekte balance imellem kompleksitet af systemet og parametrisering af modellen. Det oprindelige mål for INVENT holdet om at bygge, evaluere og integrere et beslutningsstøttesystem til kontrol af mekanisk ventilation er endnu ikke blevet opnået. Trods det, så er den bredere hypotese om, at det at bygge modeller genererer nye og interessante spørgsmål, blevet succesfuldt demonstreret. ALPE modellen og systemet er blevet anvendt i intensiv medicin, postoperativ pleje samt kardiologi og bliver i øjeblikket evalueret i nye kliniske domæner. Det er blevet vist, at ARTY potentielt kan gøre gavn ved at fjerne behovet for smertefulde arterielle punkturer og at det kan være et nyttigt værktøj til screening. Disse systemer illustrerer fordelene ved at investere i modeller som en meknisme til at omsætte fysiologisk viden til klinisk praksis. |
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AbstractList | Summary This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid–base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid–base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood. The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in FI O2 . This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Mathematical models have been developed of the acid– base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO2 , strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO2 and PO2 levels. This model of acid–base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid–base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease. The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on FI O2 which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and FI O2. In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice. This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid-base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid-base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood. The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in F(I)O(2). This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Mathematical models have been developed of the acid- base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO(2), strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO(2) and PO(2) levels. This model of acid-base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid-base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease. The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on F(I)O(2) which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and F(I)O(2). In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice.This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid-base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid-base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood. The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in F(I)O(2). This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Mathematical models have been developed of the acid- base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO(2), strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO(2) and PO(2) levels. This model of acid-base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid-base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease. The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on F(I)O(2) which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and F(I)O(2). In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice. This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid–base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid–base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood. The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in F IO 2. This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Mathematical models have been developed of the acid– base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO 2, strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO 2 and PO 2 levels. This model of acid–base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid–base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease. The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on F IO 2 which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and F IO 2. In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice. Denne afhandling har søgt at besvare den brede hypotese om, hvorvidt det at bygge matematiske modeller er et brug-bart værktøj til at omsætte fysiologisk viden til klinisk praksis. Herunder beskriver afhandlingen arbejdet med INtelligent VENTilator projektet (INVENT), som har det mål at bygge, evaluere og integrere et modelbaseret medicinsk beslutningsstøttesystem til kontrol af mekanisk ventilation i klinisk praksis. Afhandlingen beskriver de matematiske modeller der indgår i INVENT, dvs. en model af den pulmonale gasudveksling med fokus på ilttransport og en model af syre–base status i blodet, den interstitielle væske samt vævene. Disse modeller er blevet valideret, og anvendt i to andre systemer: ALPE som er et system til at måle pulmonal gasudveksling, og ARTY som er et system til at udregne arteriel syre–base og ilt status ud fra perifer venøs blod. De primære bidrag fra dette arbejde er som følger. En matematisk model er blevet udviklet som kan beskrive pulmonal gasudveksling mere nøjagtigt in nuværende kliniske målemetoder. Denne model er “parsimonious”, idet den kan beskrive pulmonal gasudveksling ud fra målinger som er let tilgængelige i klinisk praksis sammen med en variation i F IO 2, som let kan automatiseres. Denne målemetode og model er blevet udviklet til et forsknings- og kommercielt værktøj (ALPE), og er blevet evalueret både klinisk og i sammenligning med referencemetoden, “the multiple inert gas elimination technique” (MIGET). Matematiske modeller af syre–base kemien i blod, interstitiel væske samt vævene er blevet udviklet ud fra massevirkning og massebevarelse principper. Modellen af blodet er blevet valideret mod data fra litteraturen, som beskriver tilførelse og fjernelse af CO 2, stærk syre eller base, og hæmoglobin samt effekterne af oxidation. Modellen er også blevet valideret i nye studier, som har vist at modellen nøagtigt og præcist kan simulere blanding af blod med forskellige PCO 2 og PO 2 niveauer. Denne model af blodets syre–base kemi er blevet anvendt i ARTY systemet. Det er blevet vist at ARTY nøjagtigt og præcist kan udregne arterielle værdier for syre–base og oxygen status i patienter på en intensivafdeling, og i patienter med kronisk lungesygdom. INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) systemet er blevet udviklet til optimering af respiratorindstillinger ved at bruge fysiologiske modeller og nytte/straf-funktioner, hvorved fysiologisk viden adskilles fra kliniske præferencer. Modellerne kan tilpasses den individuelle patient via parameterestimering, for derved at muliggøre patient specfikke råd. INVENT holdet har vist i et prospektivt studie at systemets råd om indstilling af F IO 2 er lige så hensigtsmæssige som niveauer valgt i klinisk praksis og i et retrospektivt studie at systemet giver fornuftige råd om indstilling af tidalvolumen, respirationsfrekvens og F IO 2. Generelt set har denne afhandling illustreret et yderligere eksempel på modellerings rolle i forbindelse med beskrivelse og forståelse af komplekse systemer. Afhandlingen har vist at ved arbejde med kompleksitet det nødvendigt at bevare fokus på modellens mål, hvis man skal opretholde den korrekte balance imellem kompleksitet af systemet og parametrisering af modellen. Det oprindelige mål for INVENT holdet om at bygge, evaluere og integrere et beslutningsstøttesystem til kontrol af mekanisk ventilation er endnu ikke blevet opnået. Trods det, så er den bredere hypotese om, at det at bygge modeller genererer nye og interessante spørgsmål, blevet succesfuldt demonstreret. ALPE modellen og systemet er blevet anvendt i intensiv medicin, postoperativ pleje samt kardiologi og bliver i øjeblikket evalueret i nye kliniske domæner. Det er blevet vist, at ARTY potentielt kan gøre gavn ved at fjerne behovet for smertefulde arterielle punkturer og at det kan være et nyttigt værktøj til screening. Disse systemer illustrerer fordelene ved at investere i modeller som en meknisme til at omsætte fysiologisk viden til klinisk praksis. This dissertation has addressed the broad hypothesis as to whether building mathematical models is useful as a tool for translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. In doing so it describes work on the INtelligent VENTilator project (INVENT), the goal of which is to build, evaluate and integrate into clinical practice, a model-based decision support system for control of mechanical ventilation. The dissertation describes the mathematical models included in INVENT, i.e. a model of pulmonary gas exchange focusing on oxygen transport, and a model of the acid-base status of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues. These models have been validated, and applied in two other systems: ALPE, a system for measuring pulmonary gas exchange and ARTY, a system for arterialisation of the acid-base and oxygen status of peripheral venous blood. The major contributions of this work are as follows. A mathematical model has been developed which can describe pulmonary gas exchange more accurately that current clinical techniques. This model is parsimonious in that it can describe pulmonary gas exchange from measurements easily available in the clinic, along with a readily automatable variation in F(I)O(2). This technique and model have been developed into a research and commercial tool (ALPE), and evaluated both in the clinical setting and when compared to the reference multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Mathematical models have been developed of the acid- base chemistry of blood, interstitial fluid and tissues, with these models formulated using a mass-action mass-balance approach. The model of blood has been validated against literature data describing the addition and removal of CO(2), strong acid or base, and haemoglobin; and the effects of oxygenation or deoxygenation. The model has also been validated in new studies, and shown to simulate accurately and precisely the mixing of blood samples at different PCO(2) and PO(2) levels. This model of acid-base chemistry of blood has been applied in the ARTY system. ARTY has been shown to accurately and precisely calculate arterial values of acid-base and oxygen status in patients residing in the ICU, and in those with chronic lung disease. The INtelligent VENTilator (INVENT) system has been developed for optimization of mechanical ventilator settings using physiological models and utility/penalty functions, separating physiological knowledge from clinical preference. The models can be tuned to the individual patient via parameter estimation, providing patient specific advice. The INVENT team has shown prospectively that the system provides advice on F(I)O(2) which is as good as clinical practice, and retrospectively that the system provides reasonable suggestions of tidal volume, respiratory frequency and F(I)O(2). In general, this dissertation has illustrated a further example of the role of modeling in describing and understanding complex systems. The dissertation has shown that when dealing with complexity the goal of the model must be in focus if a correct balance is to be maintained between system complexity and model parameterization. The original goal of the INVENT team, i.e. to build, evaluate and integrate a DSS for control of mechanical ventilation has not as yet been completed. However, the broader hypothesis that building models generates new and interesting questions has been successfully demonstrated. The ALPE model and system has been applied in intensive care, post operative care and cardiology and is currently being evaluated in new clinical domains. ARTY has been shown to have potential benefit in eliminating the need for painful arterial punctures, and may also be useful as a screening tool. These systems illustrate the benefits of investing in models as a mechanism for translating physiological knowledge to clinical practice. |
Author | Rees, Stephen E. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Stephen E. surname: Rees fullname: Rees, Stephen E. organization: Center for Model-based Medical Decision Support, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22152752$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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SubjectTerms | Acid-Base Equilibrium Carbon Dioxide - blood Carbon Dioxide - physiology Decision Support Techniques Humans Internal Medicine Lung - physiology Models, Biological Other Oxygen - blood Oxygen - physiology Pulmonary Gas Exchange - physiology Respiration, Artificial Ventilators, Mechanical |
Title | The Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) project: The role of mathematical models in translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice |
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