The effect of impression formation on memory of trait words Relation between coding and retrieval process
Three experiments investigated the effect of impression formation of a person on the recall and recognition of trait words. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Impression, Memory, Impression-Memory, and Incidental groups. Each subject performed an orienting task followed by free recall...
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| Published in | Shinrigaku kenkyū Vol. 71; no. 3; pp. 187 - 196 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
Japan
The Japanese Psychological Association
01.08.2000
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0021-5236 1884-1082 1884-1082 |
| DOI | 10.4992/jjpsy.71.187 |
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| Abstract | Three experiments investigated the effect of impression formation of a person on the recall and recognition of trait words. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Impression, Memory, Impression-Memory, and Incidental groups. Each subject performed an orienting task followed by free recall and recognition tests. In a recall test, false recall of antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. There was no difference in the correct recall. In a multiple choice recognition test and a yes-no recognition test, false recognition to antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. Hit to targets occurred more often in the Impression group than in the Memory group. These results were interpreted as showing that formation of an impression for a person had different effects for recall and recognition tests. The results were discussed in terms of a relation between encoding and retrieval processes. |
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| AbstractList | Three experiments investigated the effect of impression formation of a person on the recall and recognition of trait words. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Impression, Memory, Impression-Memory, and Incidental groups. Each subject performed an orienting task followed by free recall and recognition tests. In a recall test, false recall of antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. There was no difference in the correct recall. In a multiple choice recognition test and a yes-no recognition test, false recognition to antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. Hit to targets occurred more often in the Impression group than in the Memory group. These results were interpreted as showing that formation of an impression for a person had different effects for recall and recognition tests. The results were discussed in terms of a relation between encoding and retrieval processes. Three experiments investigated the effect of impression formation of a person on the recall and recognition of trait words. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Impression, Memory, Impression-Memory, and Incidental groups. Each subject performed an orienting task followed by free recall and recognition tests. In a recall test, false recall of antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. There was no difference in the correct recall. In a multiple choice recognition test and a yes-no recognition test, false recognition to antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. Hit to targets occurred more often in the Impression group than in the Memory group. These results were interpreted as showing that formation of an impression for a person had different effects for recall and recognition tests. The results were discussed in terms of a relation between encoding and retrieval processes.Three experiments investigated the effect of impression formation of a person on the recall and recognition of trait words. The subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Impression, Memory, Impression-Memory, and Incidental groups. Each subject performed an orienting task followed by free recall and recognition tests. In a recall test, false recall of antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. There was no difference in the correct recall. In a multiple choice recognition test and a yes-no recognition test, false recognition to antonyms of targets occurred more often in the Memory group than in the Impression group. Hit to targets occurred more often in the Impression group than in the Memory group. These results were interpreted as showing that formation of an impression for a person had different effects for recall and recognition tests. The results were discussed in terms of a relation between encoding and retrieval processes. |
| Author | Takaoka, Masako |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11081229$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Grossman, L., & Eagle, M. 1970 Synonymity, antonymity, and association in false recognition response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 83, 244-248. Toyota, H. 1984b A review of studies on false memory. Japanese Psychological Review, 27, 389-409. Hamilton, D. L., Katz, L. B., & Leirer, V. O. 1980 Cognitive representation of personality impressions: Organizational processes in first impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1050-1063. Einstein, G. O., & Hunt, R. R. 1980 Levels of processing and organization: Additive effects of individualitem and relational processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 588-598. Elias, C. S., & Perfetti, C. A. 1973 Encoding task and recognition memory: The importance of semantic encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99, 151-156. Hayashi, H. 1978 The fundamental dimension of interpersonal cognitive structure. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, The Department of Educacational Psychology, Nagoya University, 25, 233-247. Hunt, R. R., Ausley, J. A., & Schultz, E. E. 1986 Shared and item-specific information in memory. Memory and Cognition, 14, 49-54. 豊田弘司 1984a 子どもの再認記憶における意味的限定の発達差 心理学研究, 55, 117-120. Cltheart, V. 1977 Recognition errors after incidental learning as a function of different levels of processing. Journal and Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 437-444. Kintsch, W. 1972 Notes on the structure of semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 249-309. Felzen, E., & Anisfeld, M. 1970 Semantic and phonetic relations in the false recognition of words by third- and sixth-grade children. Developmental Psychology, 3, 163-168. Takaoka, M. 1994 The effect of the cognitive process in the organization of information to the impression formation on Memory. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association. Hunt, R. R., & Einstein, G. O. 1981 Relational and item-specific information in memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 497-514. 坂元 章 1989 体制化の度合が特性の再生量と再生順とに及ぼす影響-印象群と記憶群との比較-実験社会心理学研究, 28, 155-162. 高橋 超 1997 対人認知 詫摩武俊編 基礎社会心理学 八千代出版 Pp. 15-29. (Takahashi S.) 高岡昌子 1994 印象形成のための情報の体制化における認知過程が記憶に及ぼす影響 日本心理学会第58回大会論文集 Hartwick, J. 1979 Memory for trait information: A signal detection analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psvcholov. 15. 533-552. Srull, T. K. 1984 Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 1-72. Cantor, N., & Mischel, W. 1977 Traits as prototypes: Effects on recognition memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 38-48. Moely, B. E., Olson, F. A., Halwes, T. G., & Flavell, J. H. 1969 Production deficiency in young children's clustered recall. Developmental Psychology, 1, 26-34. 豊田弘司 1982 子どもの再認における同意および反意連想属性の発達的変化 教育心理学研究, 30, 233-226. Wyer, R. S., & Gordon, S. E. 1982 The recall of information about persons and groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 128-164. Bach, M. J., & Underwood, B. J. 1970 Developmental changes in memory attributes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 292-296. Davies, G., & Cubbage, A. 1976 Attribute coding at different levels of processing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 28, 653-660. Toyota, H. 1982 Developmental changes in synonymity- and antonymity-associative attributes in children's recognition. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 223-226. Ikegami, T. 1989 The role of affect in person memory: The influence of positive and negative affect upon recognition memory. Japanese Psychological Research, 28, 154-159. Estes, W. K., & Da Polito, F. 1967 Independent variation of information storage and retrieval processes in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75, 18-26. 林 文俊 1978 対人認知構造の基本次元についての一考察 名古屋大学教育学部紀要 (教育心理学科), 25, 233-247. Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. 1995 Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814. Freund, J. S., & Johnson, J. W. 1972 Changes in memory attribute dominance as a function of age. Journal of Educational Psychology, 63, 386-389. 豊田弘司 1984b 虚再認 (false recognition) 研究の展望 心理学評論, 27, 389-409. Mansfield, A. F. 1977 Semantic organization in the young child: Evidence for the development of semantic feature systems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, 57-77. Toyota, H. 1984a Developmental difference of semantic constraint in children's recognition memory. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 55, 117-120. Sakamoto, A. 1989 The effect of the degree of organization on the amount and the order of recalled traits: A comparison between impression group and memory group. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 155-162. 多鹿 秀継 1989 記憶の検索過程に関する研究 風間書房 Tajika, H. 1989 Studies on retrieval processes in epicodic memory. Tokyo: Kazama Shobo. |
| References_xml | – reference: Toyota, H. 1984b A review of studies on false memory. Japanese Psychological Review, 27, 389-409. – reference: Takaoka, M. 1994 The effect of the cognitive process in the organization of information to the impression formation on Memory. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association. – reference: Toyota, H. 1982 Developmental changes in synonymity- and antonymity-associative attributes in children's recognition. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 223-226. – reference: 豊田弘司 1984b 虚再認 (false recognition) 研究の展望 心理学評論, 27, 389-409. – reference: Moely, B. E., Olson, F. A., Halwes, T. G., & Flavell, J. H. 1969 Production deficiency in young children's clustered recall. Developmental Psychology, 1, 26-34. – reference: Cantor, N., & Mischel, W. 1977 Traits as prototypes: Effects on recognition memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 38-48. – reference: 多鹿 秀継 1989 記憶の検索過程に関する研究 風間書房 – reference: Mansfield, A. F. 1977 Semantic organization in the young child: Evidence for the development of semantic feature systems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, 57-77. – reference: 坂元 章 1989 体制化の度合が特性の再生量と再生順とに及ぼす影響-印象群と記憶群との比較-実験社会心理学研究, 28, 155-162. – reference: Felzen, E., & Anisfeld, M. 1970 Semantic and phonetic relations in the false recognition of words by third- and sixth-grade children. Developmental Psychology, 3, 163-168. – reference: Sakamoto, A. 1989 The effect of the degree of organization on the amount and the order of recalled traits: A comparison between impression group and memory group. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 155-162. – reference: Einstein, G. O., & Hunt, R. R. 1980 Levels of processing and organization: Additive effects of individualitem and relational processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 588-598. – reference: Hamilton, D. L., Katz, L. B., & Leirer, V. O. 1980 Cognitive representation of personality impressions: Organizational processes in first impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1050-1063. – reference: Kintsch, W. 1972 Notes on the structure of semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 249-309. – reference: Tajika, H. 1989 Studies on retrieval processes in epicodic memory. Tokyo: Kazama Shobo. – reference: Cltheart, V. 1977 Recognition errors after incidental learning as a function of different levels of processing. Journal and Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 437-444. – reference: Davies, G., & Cubbage, A. 1976 Attribute coding at different levels of processing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 28, 653-660. – reference: Freund, J. S., & Johnson, J. W. 1972 Changes in memory attribute dominance as a function of age. Journal of Educational Psychology, 63, 386-389. – reference: 豊田弘司 1984a 子どもの再認記憶における意味的限定の発達差 心理学研究, 55, 117-120. – reference: Hunt, R. R., & Einstein, G. O. 1981 Relational and item-specific information in memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 497-514. – reference: 高橋 超 1997 対人認知 詫摩武俊編 基礎社会心理学 八千代出版 Pp. 15-29. (Takahashi S.) – reference: Toyota, H. 1984a Developmental difference of semantic constraint in children's recognition memory. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 55, 117-120. – reference: 林 文俊 1978 対人認知構造の基本次元についての一考察 名古屋大学教育学部紀要 (教育心理学科), 25, 233-247. – reference: Wyer, R. S., & Gordon, S. E. 1982 The recall of information about persons and groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 128-164. – reference: Grossman, L., & Eagle, M. 1970 Synonymity, antonymity, and association in false recognition response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 83, 244-248. – reference: Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. 1995 Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814. – reference: Srull, T. K. 1984 Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 1-72. – reference: 高岡昌子 1994 印象形成のための情報の体制化における認知過程が記憶に及ぼす影響 日本心理学会第58回大会論文集 – reference: Elias, C. S., & Perfetti, C. A. 1973 Encoding task and recognition memory: The importance of semantic encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99, 151-156. – reference: 豊田弘司 1982 子どもの再認における同意および反意連想属性の発達的変化 教育心理学研究, 30, 233-226. – reference: Hunt, R. R., Ausley, J. A., & Schultz, E. E. 1986 Shared and item-specific information in memory. Memory and Cognition, 14, 49-54. – reference: Hartwick, J. 1979 Memory for trait information: A signal detection analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psvcholov. 15. 533-552. – reference: Bach, M. J., & Underwood, B. J. 1970 Developmental changes in memory attributes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 292-296. – reference: Estes, W. K., & Da Polito, F. 1967 Independent variation of information storage and retrieval processes in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 75, 18-26. – reference: Ikegami, T. 1989 The role of affect in person memory: The influence of positive and negative affect upon recognition memory. Japanese Psychological Research, 28, 154-159. – reference: Hayashi, H. 1978 The fundamental dimension of interpersonal cognitive structure. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, The Department of Educacational Psychology, Nagoya University, 25, 233-247. |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult coding process Female Humans impression formation Language Male Memory, Short-Term - physiology Mental Recall - physiology recall recognition Recognition (Psychology) - physiology retrieval process |
| Subtitle | Relation between coding and retrieval process |
| Title | The effect of impression formation on memory of trait words |
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