Moral Injury: An Integrative Review

Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media o...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in	Journal of traumatic stress Vol. 32; no. 3; pp. 350 - 362
Main Authors	Griffin, Brandon J., Purcell, Natalie, Burkman, Kristine, Litz, Brett T., Bryan, Craig J., Schmitz, Martha, Villierme, Claudia, Walsh, Jessica, Maguen, Shira
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2019
Subjects	Moral injury Post traumatic stress disorder
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0894-9867 1573-6598 1573-6598
DOI	10.1002/jts.22362

Cover

Abstract	Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold‐standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military‐related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research. Resumen Spanish s by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Daño Moral: Una revisión integrativa REVISION INTEGRATIVA DE LA INVESTIGACION EN DAÑO MORAL Las personas que están expuestas a eventos traumáticos que violan sus valores morales pueden experimentar una angustia grave y discapacidades funcionales conocidas como “daño moral”. En la última década, el daño moral ha captado la atención de proveedores de servicios de salud mental, comunidades espirituales y religiosas, medios de comunicación y el público en general. La investigación sobre daño moral, especialmente entre el personal militar y los veteranos, también ha proliferado. Para este artículo, revisamos la investigación científica sobre el daño moral. Se identificaron 116 estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos relevantes. Los estudios epidemiológicos describieron una amplia gama de secuelas biológicas, psicológicas / conductuales, sociales y religiosas / espirituales asociadas con la exposición a eventos potencialmente dañinos moralmente. Aunque existe una escasez de literatura clínica empírica, algunos autores debatieron cómo el daño moral podría y no podría responder a los tratamientos basados en la evidencia para el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), mientras que otros identificaron nuevos modelos de tratamiento para abordar directamente la reparación moral. Las limitaciones de la literatura incluyeron definiciones de variables de eventos potencialmente perjudiciales desde el punto de vista moral, la ausencia de una definición consensuada y una medida de gold‐estándar de daño moral y sus consecuencias, escaso estudio de daño moral fuera de contextos relacionados con el ejército e investigaciones clínicas limitadas por muestra de tamaño pequeños y mecanismos poco claros del efecto terapéutico. Concluimos nuestra revisión resumiendo las lecciones de la literatura y ofreciendo recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. 抽象 Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Moral Injury: An Integrative Review Traditional Chinese 標題: 道德創傷:一項綜合評估撮要: 經歷與自己的道德價值相違的創傷事件, 可導致嚴重悲痛和功能損傷, 此為「道德創傷」。過去十年來, 心理治療人士、信仰團體、媒體和普羅大眾開始關注道德創傷, 而針對道德創傷的研究, 特別是專門檢視現役和退役軍人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文將審視有關道德創傷的科學研究, 找出116份相關的流行病學及臨床研究。流行病學研究描述跟經歷潛在會導致道德創傷的事件相關的生物學、心理/行為、社會、信仰/精神層面廣泛的後遺症。雖然目前只有少量具臨床實證的文獻, 但當中有些探討針對創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的實證為本治療是否能治理道德創傷, 有些則找出新的治療模型以直接治理道德創傷。這些文獻的限制, 包括對潛在會導致道德創傷的事件有不同定義、缺乏對定義的共識、未能得出測量道德創傷的黃金標準、缺乏軍事相關環境以外的道德創傷研究, 而臨床研究的樣本數量小而且療效的機制模糊。最後, 我們總結文獻帶來的貢獻, 並為未來研究提供建議。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 道德创伤:一项综合评估撮要: 经历与自己的道德价值相违的创伤事件, 可导致严重悲痛和功能损伤, 此为「道德创伤」。过去十年来, 心理治疗人士、信仰团体、媒体和普罗大众开始关注道德创伤, 而针对道德创伤的研究, 特别是专门检视现役和退役军人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文将审视有关道德创伤的科学研究, 找出116份相关的流行病学及临床研究。流行病学研究描述跟经历潜在会导致道德创伤的事件相关的生物学、心理/行为、社会、信仰/精神层面广泛的后遗症。虽然目前只有少量具临床实证的文献, 但当中有些探讨针对创伤后压力症(PTSD)的实证为本治疗是否能治理道德创伤, 有些则找出新的治疗模型以直接治理道德创伤。这些文献的限制, 包括对潜在会导致道德创伤的事件有不同定义、缺乏对定义的共识、未能得出测量道德创伤的黄金标准、缺乏军事相关环境以外的道德创伤研究, 而临床研究的样本数量小而且疗效的机制模糊。最后, 我们总结文献带来的贡献, 并为未来研究提供建议。
AbstractList	Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as "moral injuries." Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold-standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military-related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research. Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold‐standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military‐related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research. Resumen Spanish s by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Daño Moral: Una revisión integrativa REVISION INTEGRATIVA DE LA INVESTIGACION EN DAÑO MORAL Las personas que están expuestas a eventos traumáticos que violan sus valores morales pueden experimentar una angustia grave y discapacidades funcionales conocidas como “daño moral”. En la última década, el daño moral ha captado la atención de proveedores de servicios de salud mental, comunidades espirituales y religiosas, medios de comunicación y el público en general. La investigación sobre daño moral, especialmente entre el personal militar y los veteranos, también ha proliferado. Para este artículo, revisamos la investigación científica sobre el daño moral. Se identificaron 116 estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos relevantes. Los estudios epidemiológicos describieron una amplia gama de secuelas biológicas, psicológicas / conductuales, sociales y religiosas / espirituales asociadas con la exposición a eventos potencialmente dañinos moralmente. Aunque existe una escasez de literatura clínica empírica, algunos autores debatieron cómo el daño moral podría y no podría responder a los tratamientos basados en la evidencia para el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), mientras que otros identificaron nuevos modelos de tratamiento para abordar directamente la reparación moral. Las limitaciones de la literatura incluyeron definiciones de variables de eventos potencialmente perjudiciales desde el punto de vista moral, la ausencia de una definición consensuada y una medida de gold‐estándar de daño moral y sus consecuencias, escaso estudio de daño moral fuera de contextos relacionados con el ejército e investigaciones clínicas limitadas por muestra de tamaño pequeños y mecanismos poco claros del efecto terapéutico. Concluimos nuestra revisión resumiendo las lecciones de la literatura y ofreciendo recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. 抽象 Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Moral Injury: An Integrative Review Traditional Chinese 標題: 道德創傷:一項綜合評估撮要: 經歷與自己的道德價值相違的創傷事件, 可導致嚴重悲痛和功能損傷, 此為「道德創傷」。過去十年來, 心理治療人士、信仰團體、媒體和普羅大眾開始關注道德創傷, 而針對道德創傷的研究, 特別是專門檢視現役和退役軍人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文將審視有關道德創傷的科學研究, 找出116份相關的流行病學及臨床研究。流行病學研究描述跟經歷潛在會導致道德創傷的事件相關的生物學、心理/行為、社會、信仰/精神層面廣泛的後遺症。雖然目前只有少量具臨床實證的文獻, 但當中有些探討針對創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的實證為本治療是否能治理道德創傷, 有些則找出新的治療模型以直接治理道德創傷。這些文獻的限制, 包括對潛在會導致道德創傷的事件有不同定義、缺乏對定義的共識、未能得出測量道德創傷的黃金標準、缺乏軍事相關環境以外的道德創傷研究, 而臨床研究的樣本數量小而且療效的機制模糊。最後, 我們總結文獻帶來的貢獻, 並為未來研究提供建議。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 道德创伤:一项综合评估撮要: 经历与自己的道德价值相违的创伤事件, 可导致严重悲痛和功能损伤, 此为「道德创伤」。过去十年来, 心理治疗人士、信仰团体、媒体和普罗大众开始关注道德创伤, 而针对道德创伤的研究, 特别是专门检视现役和退役军人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文将审视有关道德创伤的科学研究, 找出116份相关的流行病学及临床研究。流行病学研究描述跟经历潜在会导致道德创伤的事件相关的生物学、心理/行为、社会、信仰/精神层面广泛的后遗症。虽然目前只有少量具临床实证的文献, 但当中有些探讨针对创伤后压力症(PTSD)的实证为本治疗是否能治理道德创伤, 有些则找出新的治疗模型以直接治理道德创伤。这些文献的限制, 包括对潜在会导致道德创伤的事件有不同定义、缺乏对定义的共识、未能得出测量道德创伤的黄金标准、缺乏军事相关环境以外的道德创伤研究, 而临床研究的样本数量小而且疗效的机制模糊。最后, 我们总结文献带来的贡献, 并为未来研究提供建议。 Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as "moral injuries." Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold-standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military-related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research.Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as "moral injuries." Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold-standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military-related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research. Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold‐standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military‐related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research. Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Daño Moral: Una revisión integrativa REVISION INTEGRATIVA DE LA INVESTIGACION EN DAÑO MORAL Las personas que están expuestas a eventos traumáticos que violan sus valores morales pueden experimentar una angustia grave y discapacidades funcionales conocidas como “daño moral”. En la última década, el daño moral ha captado la atención de proveedores de servicios de salud mental, comunidades espirituales y religiosas, medios de comunicación y el público en general. La investigación sobre daño moral, especialmente entre el personal militar y los veteranos, también ha proliferado. Para este artículo, revisamos la investigación científica sobre el daño moral. Se identificaron 116 estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos relevantes. Los estudios epidemiológicos describieron una amplia gama de secuelas biológicas, psicológicas / conductuales, sociales y religiosas / espirituales asociadas con la exposición a eventos potencialmente dañinos moralmente. Aunque existe una escasez de literatura clínica empírica, algunos autores debatieron cómo el daño moral podría y no podría responder a los tratamientos basados en la evidencia para el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), mientras que otros identificaron nuevos modelos de tratamiento para abordar directamente la reparación moral. Las limitaciones de la literatura incluyeron definiciones de variables de eventos potencialmente perjudiciales desde el punto de vista moral, la ausencia de una definición consensuada y una medida de gold‐estándar de daño moral y sus consecuencias, escaso estudio de daño moral fuera de contextos relacionados con el ejército e investigaciones clínicas limitadas por muestra de tamaño pequeños y mecanismos poco claros del efecto terapéutico. Concluimos nuestra revisión resumiendo las lecciones de la literatura y ofreciendo recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Moral Injury: An Integrative Review Traditional Chinese 標題: 道德創傷:一項綜合評估撮要: 經歷與自己的道德價值相違的創傷事件, 可導致嚴重悲痛和功能損傷, 此為「道德創傷」。過去十年來, 心理治療人士、信仰團體、媒體和普羅大眾開始關注道德創傷, 而針對道德創傷的研究, 特別是專門檢視現役和退役軍人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文將審視有關道德創傷的科學研究, 找出116份相關的流行病學及臨床研究。流行病學研究描述跟經歷潛在會導致道德創傷的事件相關的生物學、心理/行為、社會、信仰/精神層面廣泛的後遺症。雖然目前只有少量具臨床實證的文獻, 但當中有些探討針對創傷後壓力症(PTSD)的實證為本治療是否能治理道德創傷, 有些則找出新的治療模型以直接治理道德創傷。這些文獻的限制, 包括對潛在會導致道德創傷的事件有不同定義、缺乏對定義的共識、未能得出測量道德創傷的黃金標準、缺乏軍事相關環境以外的道德創傷研究, 而臨床研究的樣本數量小而且療效的機制模糊。最後, 我們總結文獻帶來的貢獻, 並為未來研究提供建議。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 道德创伤:一项综合评估撮要: 经历与自己的道德价值相违的创伤事件, 可导致严重悲痛和功能损伤, 此为「道德创伤」。过去十年来, 心理治疗人士、信仰团体、媒体和普罗大众开始关注道德创伤, 而针对道德创伤的研究, 特别是专门检视现役和退役军人的研究, 亦大大提升。本文将审视有关道德创伤的科学研究, 找出116份相关的流行病学及临床研究。流行病学研究描述跟经历潜在会导致道德创伤的事件相关的生物学、心理/行为、社会、信仰/精神层面广泛的后遗症。虽然目前只有少量具临床实证的文献, 但当中有些探讨针对创伤后压力症(PTSD)的实证为本治疗是否能治理道德创伤, 有些则找出新的治疗模型以直接治理道德创伤。这些文献的限制, 包括对潜在会导致道德创伤的事件有不同定义、缺乏对定义的共识、未能得出测量道德创伤的黄金标准、缺乏军事相关环境以外的道德创伤研究, 而临床研究的样本数量小而且疗效的机制模糊。最后, 我们总结文献带来的贡献, 并为未来研究提供建议。
Author	Walsh, Jessica Griffin, Brandon J. Litz, Brett T. Bryan, Craig J. Schmitz, Martha Villierme, Claudia Maguen, Shira Purcell, Natalie Burkman, Kristine
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Brandon J. surname: Griffin fullname: Griffin, Brandon J. email: Brandon.Griffin2@va.gov organization: University of California–San Francisco – sequence: 2 givenname: Natalie surname: Purcell fullname: Purcell, Natalie organization: University of California–San Francisco – sequence: 3 givenname: Kristine surname: Burkman fullname: Burkman, Kristine organization: University of California–San Francisco – sequence: 4 givenname: Brett T. surname: Litz fullname: Litz, Brett T. organization: Boston University – sequence: 5 givenname: Craig J. surname: Bryan fullname: Bryan, Craig J. organization: The University of Utah – sequence: 6 givenname: Martha surname: Schmitz fullname: Schmitz, Martha organization: University of California–San Francisco – sequence: 7 givenname: Claudia surname: Villierme fullname: Villierme, Claudia organization: San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System – sequence: 8 givenname: Jessica surname: Walsh fullname: Walsh, Jessica organization: Palo Alto University – sequence: 9 givenname: Shira surname: Maguen fullname: Maguen, Shira organization: University of California–San Francisco
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30688367$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNp1kElPwzAQhS0Eogsc-AOoUi9wSOsl8cKtqliKipCgnC0ncZCj1Cl20qr_HkPbSwWXmTl872ne64FTW1sNwBWCIwQhHpeNH2FMKD4BXZQwEtFE8FPQhVzEkeCUdUDP-xJCyLng56BDIOWcUNYFw5faqWows2XrtneDiQ1noz-dasxaD9702ujNBTgrVOX15X73wcfD_WL6FM1fH2fTyTzKCKc4IpQIhHImshTRJMUiY4jCVBBasLDzFEGGMSUFF0prnudQCZqGkbOMJxiRPrjZ-a5c_dVq38il8ZmuKmV13XqJERNxQkmCAzo8Qsu6dTZ8JzGOMYlZImCgrvdUmy51LlfOLJXbykP8AIx3QOZq750uZGaaEL22jVOmkgjKn4JlKFj-FhwUt0eKg-lf7N59Yyq9_R-Uz4v3neIb_EqGFw
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22405 crossref_primary_10_1159_000511468 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22402 crossref_primary_10_1192_bja_2021_13 crossref_primary_10_1080_10615806_2024_2333374 crossref_primary_10_1177_02645505231223173 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22642 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jradnu_2024_12_005 crossref_primary_10_3389_frhs_2022_841244 crossref_primary_10_1057_s41282_023_00396_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_NNA_0000000000001103 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1260175 crossref_primary_10_1080_15027570_2021_1973721 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22516 crossref_primary_10_1177_19397909241247147 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpsc_2023_07_006 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_022_00262_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsoc_2025_1488372 crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23556 crossref_primary_10_1111_papt_12471 crossref_primary_10_1080_21635781_2021_2000905 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joclim_2023_100283 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ncl_2023_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1177_09697330251324298 crossref_primary_10_1093_sf_soae027 crossref_primary_10_1080_08995605_2021_1906075 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_024_00342_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgwh_2022_835811 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291721005274 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2020_06_020 crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23448 crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23205 crossref_primary_10_29038_2227_1376_2021_38_22_37 crossref_primary_10_1136_military_2022_002332 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19031666 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2021_2002572 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_focus_2023_100173 crossref_primary_10_1080_14719037_2024_2384463 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2025_111333 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12910_023_00911_2 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2894 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_022_00261_7 crossref_primary_10_1080_17449057_2022_2154457 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2023_0045 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_880442 crossref_primary_10_1097_NMD_0000000000001676 crossref_primary_10_12968_bjca_2019_0131 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_023_00303_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_acem_13937 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2023_0042 crossref_primary_10_1080_0731129X_2025_2470585 crossref_primary_10_1097_CCM_0000000000005766 crossref_primary_10_1111_1467_9566_70008 crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23691 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13049_023_01141_6 crossref_primary_10_21061_jvs_v10i2_471 crossref_primary_10_2196_57146 crossref_primary_10_1080_08995605_2021_1897495 crossref_primary_10_21926_obm_icm_2404062 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2022_2051351 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_904808 crossref_primary_10_1136_military_2022_002155 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2542_5196_21_00278_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apnu_2020_04_011 crossref_primary_10_1136_medethics_2021_107676 crossref_primary_10_1177_09697330241281376 crossref_primary_10_21061_jvs_v9i1_402 crossref_primary_10_1177_10564926231182566 crossref_primary_10_7748_ns_2025_e12457 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0034 crossref_primary_10_1002_wps_21269 crossref_primary_10_1136_jnnp_2021_326708 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejtd_2025_100521 crossref_primary_10_1093_occmed_kqaa052 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0304620 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2025_2471659 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_6808266 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_024_00334_9 crossref_primary_10_1093_ptj_pzac149 crossref_primary_10_31470_10_31470_2706_7904_2020_15_84_88 crossref_primary_10_1002_vetr_2181 crossref_primary_10_1177_23779608231226095 crossref_primary_10_1026_1616_3443_a000777 crossref_primary_10_1177_08912416221087362 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_020_02954_w crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0045 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0044 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0049 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0048 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjinnov_2021_000807 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejtd_2024_100463 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22429 crossref_primary_10_1080_21670811_2024_2404605 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_882957 crossref_primary_10_4000_11pu1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpr_2023_102377 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605241285924 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2023_03_015 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2025_1422441 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcad_12400 crossref_primary_10_1093_scan_nsad053 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_2694 crossref_primary_10_21061_jvs_v7i1_214 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10447_024_09579_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19042115 crossref_primary_10_1097_PRA_0000000000000782 crossref_primary_10_1177_09697330231164762 crossref_primary_10_1097_NMD_0000000000001235 crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110447 crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23659 crossref_primary_10_1089_jpm_2021_0076 crossref_primary_10_1177_00938548221140352 crossref_primary_10_2196_44299 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2019_1704554 crossref_primary_10_1515_spircare_2022_0018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chiabu_2020_104889 crossref_primary_10_1080_10376178_2024_2366915 crossref_primary_10_3171_2020_8_JNS203240 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_766237 crossref_primary_10_3390_traumacare2020010 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2021_2013651 crossref_primary_10_1177_1460408620968340 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11896_025_09736_8 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0075 crossref_primary_10_33216_2219_2654_2022_57_1_2_167_182 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2019_0064 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00406_024_01948_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1131316 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_josat_2025_209624 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_082562 crossref_primary_10_1136_medethics_2022_108163 crossref_primary_10_1177_0095327X241259708 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph191811817 crossref_primary_10_1080_14789949_2022_2111319 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40653_021_00414_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_famp_12584 crossref_primary_10_1080_13218719_2023_2206879 crossref_primary_10_1080_10615806_2024_2423436 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssmmh_2022_100124 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4169493 crossref_primary_10_1002_casp_2643 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aucc_2022_10_004 crossref_primary_10_2174_1570159X21666230428091433 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aimed_2022_09_001 crossref_primary_10_1080_14789949_2022_2111318 crossref_primary_10_2196_34601 crossref_primary_10_46235_1028_7221_16983_CON crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_022_00280_4 crossref_primary_10_1136_military_2023_002457 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0053 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1408849 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0057 crossref_primary_10_1024_2674_0052_a000034 crossref_primary_10_29038_2227_1376_2022_39_zas crossref_primary_10_1177_09593543211027228 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720004249 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_874729 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chiabu_2021_105394 crossref_primary_10_1177_20662203231170688 crossref_primary_10_1080_08854726_2022_2032981 crossref_primary_10_1080_08854726_2022_2032982 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11920_024_01581_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_janxdis_2022_102605 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2022_0065 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare10020375 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_06_047 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_021_01257_y crossref_primary_10_30820_1613_2637_2021_2_241 crossref_primary_10_1097_JOM_0000000000002891 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2024_1351428 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_022_01507_7 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2022_2104007 crossref_primary_10_1080_10615806_2022_2035371 crossref_primary_10_1080_08995605_2022_2093599 crossref_primary_10_1080_15027570_2022_2109314 crossref_primary_10_1080_15265161_2022_2044544 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22710 crossref_primary_10_1177_0969733020966776 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13010_023_00148_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sel_2025_100086 crossref_primary_10_1177_0095327X251321389 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0303013 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_899084 crossref_primary_10_1111_papt_12434 crossref_primary_10_1080_21635781_2020_1753604 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_024_01922_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_jep_13742 crossref_primary_10_1159_000540030 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605251315769 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_978572 crossref_primary_10_1177_10575677231201800 crossref_primary_10_1080_08854726_2022_2031467 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10608_020_10172_7 crossref_primary_10_1521_pedi_2023_37_4_406 crossref_primary_10_29038_2227_1376_2022_40_fed crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_023_01921_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejtd_2023_100343 crossref_primary_10_1080_15401383_2023_2297863 crossref_primary_10_21603_2078_8975_2021_23_2_438_446 crossref_primary_10_1177_1747016120969743 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2024_116280 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41390_024_03124_4 crossref_primary_10_1177_09646639241249074 crossref_primary_10_1097_JOM_0000000000002566 crossref_primary_10_1177_15404153211042371 crossref_primary_10_1080_15265161_2023_2186522 crossref_primary_10_1002_da_23145 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_906231 crossref_primary_10_1177_21677026211039516 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12871_023_02173_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_74086_0 crossref_primary_10_1177_08862605241265425 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2020_11_020 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_23050 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10551_024_05615_0 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_079319 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2020_00310 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2022_07_033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2023_115392 crossref_primary_10_1080_10926771_2023_2189044 crossref_primary_10_1515_zfsoz_2025_2005 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19084857 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2020_106251 crossref_primary_10_1177_00207640231152211 crossref_primary_10_1177_00207640221099421 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajpe_2023_100610 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_024_09337_x crossref_primary_10_2147_JHL_S396659 crossref_primary_10_1002_da_23244 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsat_2022_108856 crossref_primary_10_1177_0886260520985485 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_outlook_2023_102026 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_021_07252_z crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_23032 crossref_primary_10_1002_da_23128 crossref_primary_10_1177_21677026221129815 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1171629 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_024_00317_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2020_08_063 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2022_12_165 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjmilitary_2021_001947 crossref_primary_10_1017_S1754470X23000284 crossref_primary_10_1080_15426432_2025_2459828 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2023_2283306 crossref_primary_10_1002_smi_3296 crossref_primary_10_3138_jmvfh_2021_0093 crossref_primary_10_1177_10443894211051020 crossref_primary_10_1111_inm_12792 crossref_primary_10_1177_0095327X231165910 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2021_1965464 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_genhosppsych_2022_11_003 crossref_primary_10_1080_08854726_2022_2032978 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_024_03975_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_1016841 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conctc_2022_101011 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1200869 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182212145 crossref_primary_10_1093_pubmed_fdad010 crossref_primary_10_4037_aacnacc2022248 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10862_023_10071_7 crossref_primary_10_1159_000540679 crossref_primary_10_1177_10731911211044198 crossref_primary_10_2214_AJR_22_28968 crossref_primary_10_21061_jvs_v6i1_141 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_022_01609_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_883338 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmacy10060158 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_8858475 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_023_00308_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11089_024_01150_x crossref_primary_10_1111_emre_12557 crossref_primary_10_31470_2706_7904_2020_15_84_88 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11896_021_09463_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_shaw_2022_12_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2024_2312773 crossref_primary_10_1177_00258024221104163 crossref_primary_10_1108_FS_02_2023_0026 crossref_primary_10_1155_da_1854312 crossref_primary_10_1002_smi_3485 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semnephrol_2021_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1080_1068316X_2025_2472212 crossref_primary_10_1024_1012_5302_a000846 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychores_2024_111617 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_022_01542_4 crossref_primary_10_12968_ippr_2019_9_3_54 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_021_01227_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mayocp_2024_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brat_2021_104008 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10459_023_10259_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2021_1945749 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1164232 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2607 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_023_01885_6 crossref_primary_10_1177_0969733021992448 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_023_00296_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2022_2132598 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_022_07914_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10615_022_00858_8 crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2022_108829 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2021_07_037 crossref_primary_10_1080_24732850_2022_2164538 crossref_primary_10_1177_10664807231164421 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20075415 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_021_00578_7 crossref_primary_10_2196_42813 crossref_primary_10_1093_socrel_srac030 crossref_primary_10_1177_0032258X241228491 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_profnurs_2023_07_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_01_125 crossref_primary_10_1080_08995605_2024_2322904 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2024_1425341 crossref_primary_10_1097_NNA_0000000000001194 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2023_2299659 crossref_primary_10_47502_mizan_1198478 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_022_01676_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jemep_2021_100661 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmen_0000085 crossref_primary_10_1177_10892680231153096 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40653_021_00399_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_janxdis_2021_102378 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare12131354 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2023_2263316 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2020_571828 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19126972 crossref_primary_10_1097_HRP_0000000000000391 crossref_primary_10_1080_08995605_2022_2035643 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2021_784523 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1173466 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1129912 crossref_primary_10_1002_smi_3214 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2025_2474374 crossref_primary_10_12968_bjmh_2025_0003 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_076674 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2024_117262 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2022_2029042 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2021_1877026 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2407 crossref_primary_10_1089_jchc_24_04_0036 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_022_07487_4 crossref_primary_10_1080_10903127_2025_2465712 crossref_primary_10_1097_NCM_0000000000000521 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_904659 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_023_00294_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40152_024_00399_5 crossref_primary_10_1080_15426432_2024_2324794 crossref_primary_10_1108_AIA_05_2023_0025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brat_2023_104344 crossref_primary_10_1080_10903127_2025_2465715 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jen_2021_05_001 crossref_primary_10_55453_rjmm_2023_126_4_6 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0318488 crossref_primary_10_1080_09638237_2023_2182414 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_021_01417_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbih_2021_100285 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2632 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_23005 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_863232 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_23125 crossref_primary_10_1177_87564793231165503 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3918955 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_23122 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1279255 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_childyouth_2020_104768 crossref_primary_10_29038_eejpl_2023_10_1_zas crossref_primary_10_1080_10401334_2022_2062362 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpp_2503 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20136300 crossref_primary_10_1002_da_23205 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_639781 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_890858 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2024_2314442 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcbs_2019_08_002 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19159604 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291721002919 crossref_primary_10_1111_hsc_13856 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpsychires_2024_03_016 crossref_primary_10_1192_bja_2019_66 crossref_primary_10_1002_smi_3413 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13031_021_00343_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1336406 crossref_primary_10_1111_jan_16856 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40501_023_00305_6 crossref_primary_10_1080_20008198_2020_1843261 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10943_022_01534_4 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_056289 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10608_021_10264_y crossref_primary_10_15766_mep_2374_8265_11357 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_021_03565_9 crossref_primary_10_12968_jpar_2019_11_10_424
Cites_doi	10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2014.68.3.277 10.1093/scan/nsv102 10.1080/15265161.2016.1239782 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.05.002 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.031 10.18043/ncm.76.5.300 10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.08.007 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.026 10.1177/0011000016666156 10.1037/scp0000174 10.1037/scp0000045 10.1037/a0036435 10.1037/tra0000085 10.1037/trm0000019 10.47513/mmd.v8i1.452 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.030 10.1080/10720537.2014.904704 10.1037/trm0000017 10.1177/1534765610395615 10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.203 10.1177/0145445512446945 10.1007/s10943-017-0407-z 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.03.001 10.1037/mil0000160 10.1111/acps.12406 10.1111/sltb.12163 10.1002/jclp.20777 10.1037/scp0000004 10.2196/jmir.5800 10.1037/tra0000347 10.1002/jclp.22471 10.2174/1573400511666150629105709 10.1037/tra0000249 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01999 10.1016/j.beth.2011.09.001 10.1177/1073191115590855 10.1080/00377310903130332 10.1891/1559-4343.16.3.140 10.1007/s10943-012-9604-y 10.1159/000369353 10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00062 10.1002/jts.22276 10.2174/1573400511666150629105234 10.1353/nib.2013.0055 10.1080/15265161.2016.1239790 10.1037/trm0000123 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.08.006 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.05.003 10.1111/josp.12050 10.1093/scan/nsv027 10.1002/jts.20434 10.1002/jts.20451 10.1002/da.21954 10.1002/da.20659 10.1002/cpp.1866 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 10.1080/08854726.2016.1171598 10.1037/tra0000290 10.1037/trm0000016 10.1007/s10943-017-0531-9 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.12.002 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.003 10.1162/DAED_a_00107 10.1037/h0099852 10.1093/med:psych/9780195308501.001.0001 10.1007/s10567-013-0146-y 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.09.003 10.1016/j.cct.2017.07.012 10.1037/gpr0000018 10.1037/pac0000113 10.1037/rel0000042 10.1007/s10943-016-0231-x 10.1037/mil0000132 10.1037/a0019897 10.1037/trm0000069 10.1037/teo0000021 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00103 10.1080/15426432.2013.801732 10.1080/15426432.2015.1045681 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003 10.1037/trm0000107 10.1002/da.22614 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.025 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.11.003 10.1037/trm0000027 10.1037/a0034092 10.1080/10911359.2015.1059168 10.1037/scp0000006 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00017 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182a51e0a 10.1037/rel0000055 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.004 10.1177/1534765613476099 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.07.003 10.1177/1049732315573012 10.1037/a0036025 10.1080/00377310903130340 10.1080/10615806.2016.1230669 10.1177/0020764013502469 10.1080/00377310903152963 10.1007/s11089-015-0643-7 10.1080/15325024.2013.788945 10.1007/s10912-017-9480-2 10.1007/s11089-014-0633-1 10.1037/a0036090 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.06.001 10.1002/cpp.2170 10.1177/009164711204000403 10.1037/rep0000048 10.1080/08854726.2017.1295675 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.07.002 10.1002/jclp.22134 10.1037/pac0000218 10.1177/1049732317701404 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000554
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2019 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA 2019 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 2019 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2019 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA – notice: 2019 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. – notice: 2019 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
DBID	AAYXX CITATION NPM K9. NAPCQ 7X8
DOI	10.1002/jts.22362
DatabaseName	CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Psychology
EISSN	1573-6598
EndPage	362
ExternalDocumentID	30688367 10_1002_jts_22362 JTS22362
Genre	article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: VA Office of Research and Development funderid: RX‐15‐005
GroupedDBID	--- --Z -55 -5G -BR -~C -~X .3N .86 .GA .GJ .Y3 05W 0R~ 0U7 10A 1L6 1OB 1OC 1SB 1VV 1ZS 2.D 28- 29L 2JY 2VQ 31~ 33P 36B 3SF 4.4 4ZD 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52R 52S 52T 52U 52V 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5QI 5RE 5VS 66C 6NX 6PF 6TJ 702 78A 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 9M8 A01 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AAHQN AAIAL AAIPD AAMNL AANHP AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAWTL AAXRX AAYCA AAYZH AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABDBF ABDPE ABEML ABIJN ABIVO ABJNI ABMNI ABPVW ABQWH ABXGK ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACFBH ACGFS ACGOF ACHQT ACMXC ACNCT ACPOU ACRPL ACSCC ACUHS ACXBN ACXQS ACYUM ACYXJ ADBBV ADBTR ADEOM ADIMF ADINQ ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADNMO ADOZA ADRFC ADXAS ADZJE ADZMN AEEZP AEFIE AEIGN AEIMD AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBBN AFBPY AFEXP AFFPM AFGKR AFLOW AFPWT AFWVQ AFZJQ AHACP AHBTC AHBYD AHKAY AHMBA AHSBF AI. AIACR AITYG AIURR AIWBW AJBDE ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMBMR AMKLP AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BBWZM BDRZF BFHJK BGNMA BHBCM BMXJE BROTX BRXPI BY8 CAG COF CS3 D-6 D-7 D-E D-F DCZOG DL5 DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRMAN DRSTM DU5 D~- EAD EAP EBC EBD EBS EJD EMB EMK EMOBN EPL EPS ESI ESX F00 F01 F04 F5P FEDTE FUBAC G-S G.N GNP GODZA H.X HAOEW HBH HF~ HG6 HGLYW HHY HHZ HVGLF HZ~ I09 IHE IX1 J0M JPC KBYEO KDC KOV KOW LAK LATKE LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES M4Y M6U MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRMAN MRSTM MSFUL MSMAN MSSTM MXFUL MXMAN MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NDZJH NF~ NNB NU0 O-J O66 O9- O93 O9G O9I OIG OVD P19 P2P P2W P2X P2Z P4B P4D PALCI PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 QOK QOS QRW R.K R4E RJQFR RNI ROL RPX RSV RVT RWI RX1 RYL RZC RZD S26 S28 SAMSI SBS SDH SDM SOJ SUPJJ SV3 T16 TEORI TN5 TSK TSV TUS U2A UB1 V2E VC2 VH1 W8V W99 WBKPD WH7 WHDPE WIB WIH WIJ WIK WJL WK6 WOHZO WQJ WRC WSUWO WXI WXSBR XG1 XV2 YR2 ZMU ZZTAW ~EX ~IA ~WT AAYXX AEYWJ AGHNM AGQPQ AGYGG CITATION NPM AAMMB AEFGJ AGXDD AIDQK AIDYY K9. NAPCQ 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c3862-363911d79cb165b29c7160b936f760bdb1072263f89aee8dd0a96b0a9d7c85213
IEDL.DBID	DR2
ISSN	0894-9867 1573-6598
IngestDate	Thu Jul 10 18:24:39 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 11:06:32 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:31:40 EST 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:09:48 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:04:00 EDT 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:38:27 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	3
Language	English
License	2019 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3862-363911d79cb165b29c7160b936f760bdb1072263f89aee8dd0a96b0a9d7c85213
Notes	This work was funded by the Veterans’ Affairs Office of Research and Development (RX‐15‐005; PI: Litz). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the funding partners or United States Government. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
PMID	30688367
PQID	2242347590
PQPubID	37971
PageCount	13
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_2179456352 proquest_journals_2242347590 pubmed_primary_30688367 crossref_citationtrail_10_1002_jts_22362 crossref_primary_10_1002_jts_22362 wiley_primary_10_1002_jts_22362_JTS22362
ProviderPackageCode	CITATION AAYXX
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	June 2019
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2019-06-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 06 year: 2019 text: June 2019
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States – name: San Francisco
PublicationTitle	Journal of traumatic stress
PublicationTitleAlternate	J Trauma Stress
PublicationYear	2019
Publisher	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Publisher_xml	– name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
References	2015; 35 2017; 6 2015; 34 2017; 8 2013; 3 2017; 82 2015; 71 2013; 20 2015; 76 2014; 27 2014; 68 2016; 70 2011; 17 2016; 181 2014; 60 2011; 18 2017; 9 2012; 51 2014; 20 2014; 1 2017; 73 2010; 23 2013; 19 2015; 45 2017; 72 2017; 30 2010; 27 2018; 5 2013; 16 2017; 39 2015; 84 2015; 85 2015; 132 2017; 34 2016; 43 2014; 16 2012; 29 2011; 67 2014; 19 2014; 18 2011; 25 2014; 51 2014; 93 2018; 31 2017; 247 2017; 205 2016; 44 2015; 2 2009; 22 2017; 61 2009; 62 2017; 25 2017; 27 2017; 24 2015; 11 2017; 23 2015; 10 2007 1994 2017; 29 2016; 18 2012; 36 2011; 3 2016; 16 2015; 7 2014; 45 2009; 29 2016; 55 2016; 11 2009; 79 2015; 60 2013; 32 2015; 64 2017; 10 2015; 22 2015; 21 2017; 56 2013; 178 2014; 37 2017; 182 2017 2016 2011; 45 2016; 28 2011; 140 2016; 26 2016; 8 2012; 43 2016; 24 2016; 23 2016; 22 2018; 57 2014; 31 2012; 40 e_1_2_5_27_1 e_1_2_5_120_1 e_1_2_5_23_1 e_1_2_5_46_1 e_1_2_5_124_1 e_1_2_5_101_1 e_1_2_5_65_1 e_1_2_5_88_1 e_1_2_5_109_1 e_1_2_5_80_1 Blinka D. (e_1_2_5_6_1) 2016; 43 e_1_2_5_61_1 e_1_2_5_84_1 e_1_2_5_42_1 e_1_2_5_15_1 e_1_2_5_38_1 e_1_2_5_11_1 e_1_2_5_34_1 e_1_2_5_57_1 e_1_2_5_113_1 e_1_2_5_7_1 e_1_2_5_76_1 e_1_2_5_99_1 e_1_2_5_117_1 e_1_2_5_3_1 e_1_2_5_19_1 Foley P. S. (e_1_2_5_37_1) 2016; 43 Wade N. R. (e_1_2_5_121_1) 2016; 43 e_1_2_5_91_1 e_1_2_5_72_1 e_1_2_5_95_1 e_1_2_5_30_1 e_1_2_5_53_1 e_1_2_5_49_1 e_1_2_5_26_1 e_1_2_5_100_1 e_1_2_5_123_1 e_1_2_5_22_1 e_1_2_5_87_1 e_1_2_5_104_1 e_1_2_5_68_1 e_1_2_5_108_1 Korinek K. (e_1_2_5_69_1) 2017; 72 e_1_2_5_60_1 e_1_2_5_83_1 Litz B. T. (e_1_2_5_74_1) 2016 e_1_2_5_41_1 Freeman D. (e_1_2_5_40_1) 2016; 43 e_1_2_5_14_1 e_1_2_5_8_1 e_1_2_5_10_1 e_1_2_5_56_1 e_1_2_5_33_1 e_1_2_5_4_1 e_1_2_5_98_1 e_1_2_5_79_1 e_1_2_5_116_1 e_1_2_5_18_1 e_1_2_5_90_1 e_1_2_5_71_1 e_1_2_5_94_1 e_1_2_5_75_1 Koenig H. G. (e_1_2_5_64_1) 2017; 205 e_1_2_5_52_1 e_1_2_5_25_1 e_1_2_5_48_1 e_1_2_5_21_1 e_1_2_5_44_1 e_1_2_5_122_1 e_1_2_5_107_1 e_1_2_5_67_1 e_1_2_5_126_1 e_1_2_5_29_1 e_1_2_5_82_1 e_1_2_5_63_1 e_1_2_5_86_1 e_1_2_5_17_1 e_1_2_5_36_1 e_1_2_5_59_1 Sreenivasan S. (e_1_2_5_112_1) 2014; 37 e_1_2_5_9_1 e_1_2_5_13_1 e_1_2_5_32_1 e_1_2_5_55_1 e_1_2_5_111_1 e_1_2_5_5_1 e_1_2_5_78_1 e_1_2_5_115_1 e_1_2_5_119_1 e_1_2_5_70_1 e_1_2_5_93_1 Kick K. A. (e_1_2_5_62_1) 2016; 43 e_1_2_5_97_1 e_1_2_5_51_1 Gimpel T. (e_1_2_5_45_1) 2016; 8 Resick P.A. (e_1_2_5_103_1) 2017 e_1_2_5_28_1 e_1_2_5_47_1 e_1_2_5_102_1 e_1_2_5_125_1 e_1_2_5_24_1 e_1_2_5_43_1 e_1_2_5_106_1 e_1_2_5_66_1 e_1_2_5_89_1 e_1_2_5_81_1 Shay J. (e_1_2_5_105_1) 1994 e_1_2_5_85_1 e_1_2_5_20_1 e_1_2_5_39_1 e_1_2_5_110_1 e_1_2_5_16_1 e_1_2_5_58_1 e_1_2_5_35_1 e_1_2_5_114_1 e_1_2_5_12_1 e_1_2_5_54_1 e_1_2_5_77_1 e_1_2_5_118_1 e_1_2_5_2_1 e_1_2_5_92_1 e_1_2_5_73_1 e_1_2_5_96_1 e_1_2_5_31_1 e_1_2_5_50_1
References_xml	– volume: 64 start-page: 635 year: 2015 end-page: 649 article-title: Resilience as the relational ability to spiritually integrate moral stress publication-title: Pastoral Psychology – volume: 93 start-page: 260 year: 2014 end-page: 262 article-title: When it hurts to ask: Avoiding moral injury in requests to forgo treatment publication-title: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation – volume: 40 start-page: 274 year: 2012 end-page: 288 article-title: Religious considerations and self‐forgiveness in treating complex trauma and moral injury in present and former soldiers publication-title: Journal of Psychology and Theology – volume: 57 start-page: 249 year: 2018 end-page: 265 article-title: The Moral Injury Symptom Scale–Military Version publication-title: Journal of Religion and Health – volume: 21 start-page: 106 year: 2015 end-page: 116 article-title: How do morally injurious events occur? A qualitative analysis of perspectives of veterans with PTSD publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 79 start-page: 299 year: 2009 end-page: 309 article-title: Commentary on the keynote lecture presented by Dr. Jonathan Shay, Friday, June 27, 2008 titled “The trials of homecoming: Odysseus returns from Iraq/Afghanistan, and additional reflections publication-title: Smith College Studies in Social Work – volume: 178 start-page: 646 year: 2013 end-page: 652 article-title: Psychometric evaluation of the moral injury events scale publication-title: Military Medicine – volume: 10 start-page: 360 year: 2017 end-page: 367 article-title: Morally injurious events and psychological distress among veterans: Examining the mediating role of religious and spiritual struggles publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy – volume: 56 start-page: 1212 year: 2017 end-page: 1228 article-title: Moral injury and definitional clarity: Betrayal, spirituality and the role of chaplains publication-title: Journal of Religion and Health – volume: 20 start-page: 154 year: 2014 end-page: 160 article-title: Moral injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in a military sample publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 79 start-page: 286 year: 2009 end-page: 298 article-title: The trials of homecoming: Odysseus returns from Iraq/Afghanistan publication-title: Smith College Studies in Social Work – volume: 30 start-page: 188 year: 2017 end-page: 201 article-title: Moral transgression during the Vietnam War: A path analysis of the psychological impact of veterans’ involvement in wartime atrocities publication-title: Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal – volume: 67 start-page: 425 year: 2011 end-page: 438 article-title: The effectiveness of a trauma focused spiritually integrated intervention for veterans exposed to trauma publication-title: Journal of Clinical Psychology – volume: 22 start-page: 102 year: 2016 end-page: 117 article-title: Help‐seeking behaviors among active‐duty military personnel: Utilization of chaplains and other mental health service providers publication-title: Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy – volume: 22 start-page: 409 year: 2016 end-page: 412 article-title: Can people experience posttraumatic growth after committing violent acts publication-title: Peace and Conflict – volume: 11 start-page: 234 year: 2016 end-page: 242 article-title: Regional cerebral glucose metabolism differentiates danger‐ and non‐danger‐based traumas in posttraumatic stress disorder publication-title: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience – volume: 43 start-page: 3 year: 2016 end-page: 6 article-title: Introduction: Special issue on religious and spiritually‐oriented interventions with veteran and military populations publication-title: Social Work & Christianity – volume: 5 start-page: 201 year: 2018 end-page: 211 article-title: Employing loving‐kindness meditation to promote self‐ and other‐compassion among war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder publication-title: Spirituality in Clinical Practice – volume: 11 start-page: 193 year: 2015 end-page: 206 article-title: Possibilities within acceptance and commitment therapy for approaching moral injury publication-title: Current Psychiatry Reviews – volume: 3 start-page: 247 year: 2013 end-page: 259 article-title: How do deployed health care providers experience moral injury publication-title: Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics – volume: 8 start-page: 175 year: 2016 end-page: 184 article-title: The injustice gap publication-title: Psychology of Religion and Spirituality – volume: 140 start-page: 179 year: 2011 end-page: 188 article-title: Casualties publication-title: Dædalus – volume: 21 start-page: 22 year: 2015 end-page: 31 article-title: From self‐integration in personal schemas of morally experiences to self‐awareness of mental states: A qualitative study among a sample of Portuguese war veterans publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 247 start-page: 194 year: 2017 end-page: 199 article-title: Isolating effects of moral injury and low post‐deployment support within the U.S. military publication-title: Psychiatry Research – volume: 10 start-page: 36 year: 2017 end-page: 45 article-title: Moral injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidal behavior among national guard personnel publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy – volume: 32 start-page: 197 year: 2013 end-page: 210 article-title: The trauma of moral injury: Beyond the battlefield publication-title: Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought – volume: 6 start-page: 391 year: 2017 end-page: 397 article-title: A functional approach to understanding and treating military‐related moral injury publication-title: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science – volume: 26 start-page: 204 year: 2016 end-page: 214 article-title: Portuguese war veterans: Moral injury and factors related to recovery from PTSD publication-title: Qualitative Health Research – volume: 9 start-page: 118 year: 2017 end-page: 123 article-title: Assessing the unique role of religious coping in suicidal behavior among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans publication-title: Psychology of Religion and Spirituality – volume: 205 start-page: 147 year: 2017 end-page: 153 article-title: Rationale for spiritually oriented cognitive processing therapy for moral injury in active duty military and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder publication-title: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – volume: 84 start-page: 122 year: 2015 end-page: 123 article-title: Moral injury in traumatized refugees publication-title: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics – volume: 24 start-page: 288 year: 2017 end-page: 392 article-title: Correcting misperceptions about cognitive processing therapy to treat moral injury: A response to Gray and colleagues (this issue) publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 23 start-page: 557 year: 2016 end-page: 570 article-title: Measuring moral injury: Psychometric properties of the moral injury events scale in two military samples publication-title: Assessment – volume: 82 start-page: 108 year: 2017 end-page: 121 article-title: Everyday coping with moral injury: The perspectives of professionals and parents involved with child protection services publication-title: Child and Youth Services Review – volume: 182 start-page: 1950 year: 2017 end-page: 1956 article-title: Indirect relations between transgressive acts and general combat exposure and moral injury publication-title: Military Medicine – volume: 10 start-page: 1397 year: 2015 end-page: 1404 article-title: The neural correlates of justified and unjustified killing: An fMRI study publication-title: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience – volume: 20 start-page: 480 year: 2013 end-page: 484 article-title: A data‐driven perspective: Response to commentaries by Maguen and Burkman (2013) and Steenkamp et al. (2013) publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 25 start-page: 563 year: 2011 end-page: 567 article-title: Killing in combat, mental health symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Iraq war veterans publication-title: Journal of Anxiety Disorders – volume: 18 year: 2011 article-title: A brief exposure‐based intervention for service members with PTSD publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 70 start-page: 190 year: 2016 end-page: 200 article-title: A scoping study of moral injury: Identifying directions for social work research publication-title: Children and Youth Services Review – volume: 64 start-page: 381 year: 2015 end-page: 390 article-title: Using a spiritual distress scale to assess suicide risk in veterans: An exploratory study publication-title: Pastoral Psychology – volume: 20 start-page: 471 year: 2013 end-page: 475 article-title: How best to treat deployment‐related guilt and shame: Commentary on Smith, Duax, and Rauch (2013) publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 9 start-page: 627 year: 2017 end-page: 634 article-title: Distinguishing war‐related PTSD resulting from perpetration‐ and betrayal‐based morally injurious events publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy – volume: 45 start-page: 1332 year: 2011 end-page: 1336 article-title: The impact of killing and injuring others on mental health symptoms among police officers publication-title: Journal of Psychiatric Research – volume: 68 start-page: 277 year: 2014 end-page: 286 article-title: Prolonged exposure for guilt and shame in a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom publication-title: American Journal of Psychotherapy – volume: 24 start-page: 383 year: 2017 end-page: 387 article-title: When self‐blame is rational and appropriate: The limited utility of Socratic questioning in the context of moral injury: Commentary on Wachen et al. (2016) publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 17 year: 2011 article-title: An exploration of the viability and usefulness of the construct of moral injury in war veterans publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 24 start-page: 29 year: 2016 end-page: 33 article-title: Moral injury: A new challenge for complementary and alternative medicine publication-title: Complementary Therapies in Medicine – volume: 43 start-page: 7 year: 2016 end-page: 27 article-title: Moral injury in warriors and veterans: The challenge to social work publication-title: Social Work & Christianity – volume: 8 start-page: 626 year: 2016 end-page: 633 article-title: Firing a weapon and killing in combat are associated with suicidal ideation in OEF/OIF veterans publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy – volume: 20 start-page: 476 year: 2013 end-page: 479 article-title: Combat‐related killing: Expanding evidence‐based treatments for PTSD publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – year: 2007 – volume: 25 start-page: 377 year: 2017 end-page: 390 article-title: Using prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy to treat veterans with moral injury‐based PTSD: Two case examples publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 62 start-page: 1006 year: 2009 end-page: 1012 article-title: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses: The PRISMA statement publication-title: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology – year: 2016 – volume: 23 start-page: 133 year: 2016 end-page: 147 article-title: Implementing cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder with active duty U.S. military personnel: Special considerations and case examples publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 25 start-page: 474 year: 2017 end-page: 488 article-title: Development and evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale—Military Version publication-title: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy – volume: 26 start-page: 56 year: 2016 end-page: 68 article-title: A review of PTSD and shame in military veterans publication-title: Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment – volume: 21 start-page: 40 year: 2015 end-page: 46 article-title: Self‐forgiveness, posttraumatic stress, and suicide attempts among military personnel and veterans publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 16 start-page: 29 year: 2016 end-page: 31 article-title: Moral distress, moral injury, and moral luck publication-title: American Journal of Bioethics – volume: 82 start-page: 27 year: 2017 end-page: 41 article-title: Moral injury among child protection professionals: Implications for the ethical treatment and retention of workers publication-title: Children and Youth Services Review – volume: 36 start-page: 787 year: 2012 end-page: 807 article-title: A scheme for categorizing traumatic military events publication-title: Behavior Modification – volume: 21 start-page: 409 year: 2015 end-page: 413 article-title: Reflections of harmdoing publication-title: Peace and Conflict – volume: 3 start-page: 21 year: 2011 end-page: 26 article-title: The impact of killing on mental health symptoms in Gulf War veterans publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy – volume: 20 start-page: 277 year: 2014 end-page: 285 article-title: Self‐awareness of mental states, self‐integration of personal schemas, perceived social support, posttraumatic and depression levels, and moral injury: A mixed method study among Portuguese war veterans publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 23 start-page: 113 year: 2017 end-page: 129 article-title: Professional quality of life and changes in spirituality among VHA chaplains: A mixed methods investigation publication-title: Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy – volume: 76 start-page: 300 year: 2015 end-page: 301 article-title: Moral injury: An intersection for psychological and spiritual care publication-title: North Carolina Medical Journal – volume: 31 start-page: 217 year: 2014 end-page: 235 article-title: Recovering lost goodness: Shame, guilt, and self‐empathy publication-title: Psychoanalytic Psychology – volume: 72 start-page: 1090 year: 2017 end-page: 1102 article-title: Physical and mental health consequences of war‐related stressors among older adults: An analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder and arthritis in northern Vietnamese war survivors publication-title: Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences – volume: 29 start-page: 918 year: 2012 end-page: 923 article-title: Killing in combat may be independently associated with suicidal ideation publication-title: Depression and Anxiety – volume: 22 start-page: 122 year: 2016 end-page: 130 article-title: Defining and assessing moral injury: A syndrome perspective publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 18 start-page: 249 year: 2014 end-page: 262 article-title: The role of moral emotions in military trauma: Implications for the study and treatment of moral injury publication-title: Review of General Psychology – volume: 29 start-page: 695 year: 2009 end-page: 706 article-title: Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy publication-title: Clinical Psychology Review – volume: 34 start-page: 252 year: 2015 end-page: 264 article-title: Moral injury: An emerging clinical construct with implications for social work education publication-title: Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought – volume: 45 start-page: 89 year: 2014 end-page: 106 article-title: Moral injury and the ethic care: Reframing the conversation about difference publication-title: Journal of Social Philosophy – volume: 20 start-page: 461 year: 2013 end-page: 470 article-title: Perceived perpetration during traumatic events: Clinical suggestions from experts in prolonged exposure therapy publication-title: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice – volume: 34 start-page: 340 year: 2017 end-page: 347 article-title: Moral injury in US combat veterans: Results from the national health and resilience in veterans study publication-title: Depression and Anxiety – volume: 79 start-page: 310 year: 2009 end-page: 313 article-title: Commentary on the reaction panel in response to the keynote lecture presented by Dr. Jonathan Shay titled “The trials of homecoming: Odysseus returns from Iraq/Afghanistan publication-title: Smith College Studies in Social Work – volume: 27 start-page: 287 year: 2010 end-page: 293 article-title: Combat‐related guilt mediates the relations between exposure to combat‐related abusive violence and psychiatric diagnoses publication-title: Depression and Anxiety – volume: 60 start-page: 277 year: 2015 end-page: 285 article-title: Soldiers returning from deployment: A qualitative study regarding exposure, coping, and reintegration publication-title: Rehabilitation Psychology – volume: 43 start-page: 97 year: 2016 end-page: 108 article-title: Trauma, Spirituality, and Mindfulness: Finding Hope publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – volume: 181 start-page: 451 year: 2016 end-page: 458 article-title: The invisible wound: Moral injury and its impact on the health of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans publication-title: Military Medicine – volume: 43 start-page: 59 year: 2016 end-page: 72 article-title: Integrating cognitive processing therapy and spirituality for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in the military publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – volume: 28 start-page: 318 year: 2016 end-page: 330 article-title: A review of research on moral injury in combat veterans publication-title: Military Psychology – volume: 73 start-page: 997 year: 2017 end-page: 1012 article-title: Impact of killing in war: A randomized, controlled pilot trial publication-title: Journal of Clinical Psychology – year: 1994 – volume: 19 start-page: 243 year: 2013 end-page: 250 article-title: Moral injury themes in combat veterans’ narrative responses from the National Vietnam Veterans’ Readjustment Study publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 1 start-page: 16 year: 2014 end-page: 17 article-title: The morally‐injured veteran: Some ethical considerations publication-title: Spirituality in Clinical Practice – volume: 55 start-page: 1218 year: 2016 end-page: 1245 article-title: Moral injury, spiritual care, and the role of chaplains: An exploratory scoping review of literature and resources publication-title: Journal of Religion and Health – volume: 2 start-page: 256 year: 2015 end-page: 266 article-title: Moral injury and psycho‐spiritual development: Considering the developmental context publication-title: Spirituality in Clinical Practice – volume: 16 start-page: 2 year: 2016 end-page: 9 article-title: A broader understanding of moral distress publication-title: The American Journal of Bioethics – volume: 35 start-page: 220 year: 2015 end-page: 229 article-title: Evidence‐based trauma treatment: Problems with a cognitive reappraisal of guilt publication-title: Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology – volume: 31 start-page: 182 year: 2014 end-page: 191 article-title: Moral injury publication-title: Psychoanalytic Psychology – volume: 16 start-page: 140 year: 2014 end-page: 157 article-title: Some wounds don't bleed: An examination of unresolved trauma in Vietnam veterans and its ethical implications through the lens of one man's story and beyond publication-title: Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry: An International Journal of Critical Inquiry – volume: 43 start-page: 73 year: 2016 end-page: 96 article-title: Navigating the minefield: A model for integrating religion and spirituality in social work practice with service members and veterans publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – volume: 39 start-page: 93 year: 2017 end-page: 99 article-title: Moral injury: Contextualized care publication-title: Journal of Medical Humanities – volume: 27 start-page: 211 year: 2014 end-page: 235 article-title: Transparent assessment: Discovering authentic meanings made by combat veterans publication-title: Journal of Constructivist Psychology – volume: 11 start-page: 207 year: 2015 end-page: 219 article-title: Treatment for distress associated with accurate appraisals of self‐blame for moral transgressions publication-title: Current Psychiatry Reviews – volume: 19 start-page: 355 year: 2014 end-page: 363 article-title: The causes, course, and consequences of anger problems in veterans returning to civilian life publication-title: Journal of Loss and Trauma – volume: 27 start-page: 1640 year: 2017 end-page: 1651 article-title: Pathways between combat stress and physical health among Portuguese war veterans publication-title: Qualitative Health Research – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 5 article-title: The role of moral suffering (moral distress and moral injury) in police compassion fatigue and PTSD: An unexplored topic publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology – volume: 45 start-page: 633 year: 2015 end-page: 649 article-title: Combat exposure and risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among military personnel and veterans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis publication-title: Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior – volume: 7 start-page: 24 year: 2015 end-page: 33 article-title: Morally injurious experiences and meaning in Salvadorian teachers exposed to violence publication-title: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy – volume: 37 start-page: 26 year: 2014 end-page: 31 article-title: Moral injury: A meaning‐based model for Iraq/Afghanistan combat veterans publication-title: International Forum for Logotherapy – volume: 29 start-page: 271 year: 2017 end-page: 282 article-title: The impact of aggression on the relationship between betrayal and belongingness among U.S. military personnel publication-title: Military Psychology – volume: 1 start-page: 3 year: 2014 end-page: 15 article-title: Spiritual functioning among veterans seeking residential treatment for PTSD: A matched control group study publication-title: Spirituality and Clinical Practice – volume: 71 start-page: 229 year: 2015 end-page: 240 article-title: Moral injury, meaning making, and mental health in returning veterans publication-title: Journal of Clinical Psychology – volume: 22 start-page: 54 year: 2015 end-page: 63 article-title: Initial psychometric evaluation of the moral injury questionnaire—military version publication-title: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy – volume: 23 start-page: 240 year: 2017 end-page: 249 article-title: Complex psychosocial distress postdeployment in veterans: Reintegration identity disruption and challenged moral integrity publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 43 start-page: 407 year: 2012 end-page: 415 article-title: Adaptive disclosure: An open trial of a novel exposure‐based intervention for service members with combat‐related psychological stress injuries publication-title: Behavior Therapy – volume: 18 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 23 article-title: Post‐9/11 veterans and their partners improve mental health outcomes with a self‐directed mobile and web‐based wellness training program: A randomized controlled trial publication-title: Journal of Medical Internet Research – volume: 61 start-page: 10 year: 2017 end-page: 15 article-title: Psychosocial rehabilitation after war trauma with adaptive disclosure: Design and rationale of a comparative efficacy trial publication-title: Contemporary Clinical Trials – volume: 44 start-page: 1062 year: 2016 end-page: 1099 article-title: Veterans’ perspectives on the psychosocial impact of killing in war publication-title: The Counseling Psychologist – volume: 16 start-page: 365 year: 2013 end-page: 375 article-title: Moral injury: A mechanism for war‐related psychological trauma in military family members publication-title: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review – volume: 31 start-page: 286 year: 2018 end-page: 295 article-title: Distinct trauma types in military service members seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder publication-title: Journal of Traumatic Stress – volume: 23 start-page: 86 year: 2010 end-page: 90 article-title: The impact of reported direct and indirect killing on mental health symptoms in Iraq war veterans publication-title: Journal of Traumatic Stress – volume: 60 start-page: 606 year: 2014 end-page: 612 article-title: The interrelationships between moral attitudes, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and mixed lateral preference in Israeli reserve combat troops publication-title: International Journal of Social Psychiatry – volume: 51 start-page: 615 year: 2012 end-page: 629 article-title: The recovery of religious and spiritual significance in American psychiatry publication-title: Journal of Religion and Health – volume: 8 start-page: 35 issue: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 40 article-title: The Military, Moral Injury, and Music Therapy publication-title: Music and Medicine – volume: 85 start-page: 203 year: 2015 end-page: 228 article-title: Moral injury and the ethics of educational injustice publication-title: Harvard Educational Review – volume: 22 start-page: 435 year: 2009 end-page: 443 article-title: The impact of killing in war on mental health symptoms and related functioning publication-title: Journal of Traumatic Stress – volume: 23 start-page: 317 year: 2017 end-page: 322 article-title: Importance of moral appraisals in military veterans publication-title: Traumatology – volume: 132 start-page: 4 year: 2015 end-page: 19 article-title: Role of morality in the experience of guilt and shame within the armed forces publication-title: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – year: 2017 – volume: 51 start-page: 546 year: 2014 end-page: 554 article-title: A group therapy approach to treating combat posttraumatic stress disorder: Interpersonal reconnection through letter writing publication-title: Psychotherapy – ident: e_1_2_5_99_1 doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2014.68.3.277 – ident: e_1_2_5_101_1 doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv102 – volume: 43 start-page: 73 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_37_1 article-title: Navigating the minefield: A model for integrating religion and spirituality in social work practice with service members and veterans publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – volume: 72 start-page: 1090 year: 2017 ident: e_1_2_5_69_1 article-title: Physical and mental health consequences of war‐related stressors among older adults: An analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder and arthritis in northern Vietnamese war survivors publication-title: Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences – ident: e_1_2_5_13_1 doi: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1239782 – volume: 43 start-page: 3 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_40_1 article-title: Introduction: Special issue on religious and spiritually‐oriented interventions with veteran and military populations publication-title: Social Work & Christianity – ident: e_1_2_5_114_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.05.002 – volume: 43 start-page: 97 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_62_1 article-title: Trauma, Spirituality, and Mindfulness: Finding Hope publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – ident: e_1_2_5_56_1 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.031 – ident: e_1_2_5_96_1 doi: 10.18043/ncm.76.5.300 – ident: e_1_2_5_120_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.08.007 – ident: e_1_2_5_50_1 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.026 – ident: e_1_2_5_100_1 doi: 10.1177/0011000016666156 – ident: e_1_2_5_72_1 doi: 10.1037/scp0000174 – ident: e_1_2_5_53_1 doi: 10.1037/scp0000045 – ident: e_1_2_5_109_1 doi: 10.1037/a0036435 – ident: e_1_2_5_117_1 doi: 10.1037/tra0000085 – ident: e_1_2_5_32_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000019 – volume: 8 start-page: 35 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_45_1 article-title: The Military, Moral Injury, and Music Therapy publication-title: Music and Medicine doi: 10.47513/mmd.v8i1.452 – ident: e_1_2_5_49_1 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.030 – ident: e_1_2_5_3_1 doi: 10.1080/10720537.2014.904704 – ident: e_1_2_5_9_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000017 – ident: e_1_2_5_26_1 doi: 10.1177/1534765610395615 – ident: e_1_2_5_71_1 doi: 10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.203 – ident: e_1_2_5_115_1 doi: 10.1177/0145445512446945 – ident: e_1_2_5_55_1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-017-0407-z – ident: e_1_2_5_46_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.03.001 – volume: 43 start-page: 7 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_6_1 article-title: Moral injury in warriors and veterans: The challenge to social work publication-title: Social Work & Christianity – ident: e_1_2_5_83_1 doi: 10.1037/mil0000160 – ident: e_1_2_5_94_1 doi: 10.1111/acps.12406 – ident: e_1_2_5_12_1 doi: 10.1111/sltb.12163 – ident: e_1_2_5_52_1 doi: 10.1002/jclp.20777 – ident: e_1_2_5_15_1 doi: 10.1037/scp0000004 – ident: e_1_2_5_60_1 doi: 10.2196/jmir.5800 – ident: e_1_2_5_27_1 doi: 10.1037/tra0000347 – ident: e_1_2_5_77_1 doi: 10.1002/jclp.22471 – ident: e_1_2_5_116_1 doi: 10.2174/1573400511666150629105709 – ident: e_1_2_5_59_1 doi: 10.1037/tra0000249 – ident: e_1_2_5_98_1 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01999 – ident: e_1_2_5_47_1 doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.09.001 – ident: e_1_2_5_10_1 doi: 10.1177/1073191115590855 – ident: e_1_2_5_106_1 doi: 10.1080/00377310903130332 – ident: e_1_2_5_111_1 doi: 10.1891/1559-4343.16.3.140 – ident: e_1_2_5_2_1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9604-y – ident: e_1_2_5_95_1 doi: 10.1159/000369353 – ident: e_1_2_5_39_1 doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00062 – ident: e_1_2_5_73_1 doi: 10.1002/jts.22276 – ident: e_1_2_5_97_1 doi: 10.2174/1573400511666150629105234 – ident: e_1_2_5_43_1 doi: 10.1353/nib.2013.0055 – ident: e_1_2_5_85_1 doi: 10.1080/15265161.2016.1239790 – ident: e_1_2_5_70_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000123 – ident: e_1_2_5_113_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.08.006 – ident: e_1_2_5_76_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.05.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_44_1 doi: 10.1111/josp.12050 – ident: e_1_2_5_90_1 doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv027 – ident: e_1_2_5_78_1 doi: 10.1002/jts.20434 – ident: e_1_2_5_81_1 doi: 10.1002/jts.20451 – ident: e_1_2_5_80_1 doi: 10.1002/da.21954 – ident: e_1_2_5_84_1 doi: 10.1002/da.20659 – ident: e_1_2_5_17_1 doi: 10.1002/cpp.1866 – ident: e_1_2_5_89_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 – ident: e_1_2_5_91_1 doi: 10.1080/08854726.2016.1171598 – ident: e_1_2_5_11_1 doi: 10.1037/tra0000290 – ident: e_1_2_5_31_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000016 – ident: e_1_2_5_63_1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-017-0531-9 – ident: e_1_2_5_110_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.12.002 – ident: e_1_2_5_79_1 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_107_1 doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00107 – ident: e_1_2_5_8_1 doi: 10.1037/h0099852 – ident: e_1_2_5_36_1 doi: 10.1093/med:psych/9780195308501.001.0001 – ident: e_1_2_5_92_1 doi: 10.1007/s10567-013-0146-y – ident: e_1_2_5_54_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.09.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_126_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.07.012 – ident: e_1_2_5_29_1 doi: 10.1037/gpr0000018 – ident: e_1_2_5_48_1 doi: 10.1037/pac0000113 – ident: e_1_2_5_22_1 doi: 10.1037/rel0000042 – ident: e_1_2_5_14_1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0231-x – ident: e_1_2_5_38_1 doi: 10.1037/mil0000132 – ident: e_1_2_5_82_1 doi: 10.1037/a0019897 – ident: e_1_2_5_57_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000069 – ident: e_1_2_5_35_1 doi: 10.1037/teo0000021 – volume-title: Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character year: 1994 ident: e_1_2_5_105_1 – ident: e_1_2_5_125_1 doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00103 – ident: e_1_2_5_25_1 doi: 10.1080/15426432.2013.801732 – ident: e_1_2_5_68_1 doi: 10.1080/15426432.2015.1045681 – ident: e_1_2_5_75_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_86_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000107 – ident: e_1_2_5_122_1 doi: 10.1002/da.22614 – ident: e_1_2_5_51_1 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.025 – ident: e_1_2_5_66_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.11.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_20_1 doi: 10.1037/trm0000027 – ident: e_1_2_5_19_1 doi: 10.1037/a0034092 – ident: e_1_2_5_42_1 doi: 10.1080/10911359.2015.1059168 – ident: e_1_2_5_58_1 doi: 10.1037/scp0000006 – ident: e_1_2_5_93_1 doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00017 – volume: 37 start-page: 26 year: 2014 ident: e_1_2_5_112_1 article-title: Moral injury: A meaning‐based model for Iraq/Afghanistan combat veterans publication-title: International Forum for Logotherapy – ident: e_1_2_5_34_1 doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182a51e0a – ident: e_1_2_5_21_1 doi: 10.1037/rel0000055 – ident: e_1_2_5_65_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.004 – ident: e_1_2_5_118_1 doi: 10.1177/1534765613476099 – ident: e_1_2_5_28_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.07.003 – ident: e_1_2_5_33_1 doi: 10.1177/1049732315573012 – ident: e_1_2_5_61_1 doi: 10.1037/a0036025 – ident: e_1_2_5_41_1 doi: 10.1080/00377310903130340 – ident: e_1_2_5_23_1 doi: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1230669 – ident: e_1_2_5_104_1 doi: 10.1177/0020764013502469 – ident: e_1_2_5_4_1 doi: 10.1080/00377310903152963 – ident: e_1_2_5_24_1 doi: 10.1007/s11089-015-0643-7 – volume: 43 start-page: 59 year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_121_1 article-title: Integrating cognitive processing therapy and spirituality for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in the military publication-title: Social Work and Christianity – ident: e_1_2_5_123_1 doi: 10.1080/15325024.2013.788945 – volume-title: Adaptive disclosure: A new treatment for military trauma, loss, and moral injury year: 2016 ident: e_1_2_5_74_1 – ident: e_1_2_5_88_1 doi: 10.1007/s10912-017-9480-2 – ident: e_1_2_5_67_1 doi: 10.1007/s11089-014-0633-1 – ident: e_1_2_5_108_1 doi: 10.1037/a0036090 – ident: e_1_2_5_119_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.06.001 – ident: e_1_2_5_16_1 doi: 10.1002/cpp.2170 – ident: e_1_2_5_124_1 doi: 10.1177/009164711204000403 – ident: e_1_2_5_7_1 doi: 10.1037/rep0000048 – ident: e_1_2_5_87_1 doi: 10.1080/08854726.2017.1295675 – ident: e_1_2_5_102_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.07.002 – ident: e_1_2_5_18_1 doi: 10.1002/jclp.22134 – ident: e_1_2_5_5_1 doi: 10.1037/pac0000218 – volume-title: Cognitive processing therapy for PTSD: A comprehensive manual year: 2017 ident: e_1_2_5_103_1 – ident: e_1_2_5_30_1 doi: 10.1177/1049732317701404 – volume: 205 start-page: 147 year: 2017 ident: e_1_2_5_64_1 article-title: Rationale for spiritually oriented cognitive processing therapy for moral injury in active duty military and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder publication-title: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000554
SSID	ssj0008898
Score	2.6902792
SecondaryResourceType	review_article
Snippet	Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral... Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as "moral...
SourceID	proquest pubmed crossref wiley
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	350
SubjectTerms	Moral injury Post traumatic stress disorder
Title	Moral Injury: An Integrative Review
URI	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjts.22362 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30688367 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2242347590 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179456352
Volume	32
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV05T8MwFLaqTl24j0JB4RhY0jp14sQwVUDVVioDtFIHpMhXhoJSRNsBfj3PzoHKISGWJJJf4vu978X29xA6Z56WWPmBC76Hdv0EfFYhiXA9kWhMEi5UYhzF4R3tjf3BJJhU0FVxFibjhyh_uJmZYfW1meBczFufpKHTxbwJts3qX49Qw5t_c_9JHRVFNg4ujpjvsoiGBasQbrfKN1dt0TeAuYpXrcHprqPHoqjZPpOn5nIhmvL9C4vjP-uygdZyIOp0spGziSo63UK1Uh--baOzoTm97_TTKbT7pdNJnX7OLQEa0skWFXbQuHs7uu65eUwFVxJwXlwCiMTzVMik8Ggg2kyCw4QFIzQJ4a4EuIOAyEgSMa51pBTmjAq4qFBGYOrJLqqms1TvI0dhRQk362qh9BUXgrMkDCQzUctlKFQdXRStG8uccNzEvXiOM6rkdgzVjm216-i0FH3JWDZ-EmoUXRTnE82kAB40nIW4jk7KZJgiZt2Dp3q2BBmjdAJAVvCJvaxry1yICbpDaAiFtR30e_bxYPRgHw7-LnqIagCwWLa1rIGqi9elPgIQsxDHdrR-AO1C6uo
linkProvider	Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JT8JAFH4heJCL-4Ki1uXgpdAy3cZ4IUYCCBwUEi6m6Sw9oClGy0F_vW-6EVwS46VtMtPO1nnve_NmvgdwQU3JDWHZOtoeUrdCtFkZJ0w3WSgNEgZMhMpQHAydztjqTexJCa7zszApP0Sx4KZmRiKv1QRXC9KNBWvoNH6ro3JTAngl8c8pSHS_II_yvCQSruFRS6ee4-a8QkazUby6rI2-QcxlxJqonPY6POaVTXeaPNXnMavzjy88jv9tzQasZVhUa6U_zyaUZLQFlUIkvm_D-UAd4Ne60RS7_kprRVo3o5dAIamlfoUdGLdvRzcdPQuroHOC9otOEJSYpnApZ6ZjsyblaDMZjBIndPEuGFqECMpI6NFASk8II6AOw4twuYfanuxCOZpFch80YQiHBMq15nJLBIwFNHRtTlXgcu4yUYXLvHt9nnGOq9AXz37Kltz0sdl-0uwqnBVZX1KijZ8y1fIx8rO5plIQEiraQqMKp0UyzhLl-ggiOZtjHiV3bARX-Im9dGyLUoiKu0McFyubjNDvxfu90UPycPD3rCew2hkN-n6_O7w7hAriLZruNKtBOX6dyyPENDE7Tn7dT6yu7wg
linkToPdf	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JT8JAFH4hmBgu7guKWpeDl0LLdBs9EZUACjEKCQeTprP0gKYQhYP-et90I7gkxkvbZF47-3vf68x8D-CMmpIbwrJ19D2kboXoszJOmG6yUBokDJgIlaPY7TmtgdUZ2sMCXGZnYRJ-iPyHm5oZsb5WE3wiwtqcNHQ0fauibVP6d8ly0EwqRPQw547yvDgQruFRS6ee42a0Qka9lr-6aIy-IcxFwBpbnOYqPGVlTTaaPFdnU1blH19oHP9ZmTVYSZGo1kiGzjoUZLQBpVwhvm_CaVcd39fa0Qgb_kJrRFo7JZdAFaklqwpbMGje9K9aehpUQecEvRedICQxTeFSzkzHZnXK0WMyGCVO6OJdMPQHEZKR0KOBlJ4QRkAdhhfhcg9tPdmGYjSO5C5owhAOCdTCmsstETAW0NC1OVVhy7nLRBnOs9b1eco4rgJfvPgJV3Ldx2r7cbXLcJKLThKajZ-EKlkX-elMUykICBVpoVGG4zwZ54ha-AgiOZ6hjNI6NkIr_MRO0rV5LkRF3SGOi4WNO-j37P1O_zF-2Pu76BEs3183_bt273YfSgi2aLLNrALF6etMHiCgmbLDeOB-AuwH7bc
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Moral+Injury%3A+An+Integrative+Review&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+traumatic+stress&rft.au=Griffin%2C+Brandon+J&rft.au=Purcell%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Burkman%2C+Kristine&rft.au=Litz%2C+Brett+T&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.issn=1573-6598&rft.eissn=1573-6598&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=350&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjts.22362&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0894-9867&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0894-9867&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0894-9867&client=summon